Английский язык. Практические задания для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
.pdfing judged fairly in a court of law, this is the real world. Having your character judged by your fellow employees based on mere circumstance is about as final as it gets. The tragedy here is that once an ethical impression is made, there’s little you can do to stop or repair it.
(A47)___A crisis of ethical perception is not only a problem for liars, cheaters, and bad guys; it’s a problem for everyone. The first line of defense is to understand that you’re not above the fray. Just because you’re an honest person doesn’t mean that you won’t wake up tomorrow and find yourself in full-fledged ethical dilemma. We all have bouts of mistakes, sloppiness, miscalculation, panic, or bad judgment. Understanding our fallibility and being ethically cognitive of our day-to-day behavior helps enormously. If you’re lucky, your conscience will do most of the watchful work for you.
(A48)___Another line of defense is to avoid the appearance of impropriety. Just as an attorney looks at every possible angle or potential problem, you too, must judge your ethical actions in the same way. Take time with careful consideration to make sure that your ethical position appears sound from every angle. Don’t leave others to second guess you. Perception is everything, not only in your looks but in your character. Treasure and protect your ethical reputation like a priceless commodity. Tomorrow, as you prepare and primp in the mirror for your best physical appearance at work, don’t forget your ethical appearance. It costs you nothing to put on, but costs you dearly to lose.
Подберите заголовки A43–A45 из предложенных (1–4). Один заголовок является лишним.
1)always at risk
2)character counts
3)two sides of a coin
4)action first, outfit second
Подберите заголовки A46–A48 из предложенных (1–4). Один заголовок является лишним.
1)taking care of ethical appearance
2)undesirable consequences
3)covering one’s impropriety
4)understanding one’s faults
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Часть B
Прочитайте текст (В1–В4). Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных и запишите его в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз и что заданную форму слова необходимо изменить.
STYLE, EAT, CHARISMA, RESIST
My friend Mark is one of the most (B1) ... people I’ve ever met. He doesn’t look (B2) ..., he has a tendency to (B3) ... and put on weight, but his magnetism is really(B4) ... .
Прочитайте текст (В5–В6). Выпишите по два лишних слова из каждого предложения в порядке их предъявления в тексте.
B5) When Nicky quarreled with her parents over her new jeans she decided to change her their looks altogether generally.
B6) The girl dyed died her hair bright orange and pierced her nose that which made her parents really mad.
Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу.
This is the photo of a woman believed to have been involved in an armed (B7) ... yesterday morning. She was of medium (B8) ... , with blue eyes and long dark (B9) ... She was wearing an army trench coat with a bright scarf.
Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, данный в скобках.
В10) This new (причёска) really suits you!
В11) The (сходство) between the twins was amazing.
B12) It goes without saying that a becoming outfit really (поднимает) self-esteem.
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Test 2 |
THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING |
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A PERSONALITY |
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Часть A
К каждому заданию даны варианты ответов, из которых только один является верным. Выберите правильный ответ из четырех предложенных.
The shape of (A1) ... person’s lips can say a lot about them. The 5000- year-old art of face reading is gaining (A2) ... popularity. So take a look at the shape of your friend’s lips to find (A3) ... about his\her personality. People with full lips can be trusted (A4) ... anything. They are very responsible. But they also like to be (A5) ... command all the time. People with thin lips are determined. They are hard workers and achievers. But they are focused (A6) ... their own life and care only (A7) ...
themselves. People who have a thin upper lip and a full lower lip are energetic. They want to be successful in (A8) ... life.
A1) |
1) – |
2) the |
3) an |
4) a |
A2) |
1) – |
2) the |
3) an |
4) a |
A3) |
1) – |
2) over |
3) of |
4) out |
A4) |
1) about |
2) with |
3) at |
4) by |
A5) |
1) at |
2) into |
3) in |
4) of |
A6) |
1) in |
2) within |
3) for |
4) on |
A7) |
1) of |
2) up |
3) about |
4) – |
A8) |
1) – |
2) the |
3) a |
4) an |
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
It was their first wedding anniversary and to celebrate it Colin and Julie (A9) ... to go for a meal at one of the most expensive restaurants in town. They (A10) ... a romantic evening, gazing lovingly into each other’s eyes, when they (A11) ... an elderly lady. She (A12) ... alone the whole evening. At the moment the old lady was looking at them and smiling. They (A13) ... back and in a few minutes the lady made her way to their table. She excused herself and asked if they (A14) ... her a favour.
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The lady explained that her son (A15) ... in a car accident the previous year and she still (A16) ... him terribly. As Colin looked very much like her late son the lady asked him to call her mother and wave good-bye to her when she (A17) ... the restaurant. Of course Colin agreed and did it. The young people were pleased with themselves as they had done a good deed. They were sitting and talking about the lady when the manager brought their huge bill. He explained that the old lady had said that her son (A18) ... for her dinner too, so the bill included the cost of the two meals.
A9) |
1) have decided |
2) were deciding |
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3) decided |
4) had decided |
A10) |
1) were having |
2) had been having |
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3) had |
4) had had |
A11) |
1) had noticed |
2) were noticing |
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3) noticed |
4) were noticed |
A12) |
1) had been sitting |
2) sat |
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3) was sitting |
4) had sat |
A13) |
1) were smiling |
2) had smiled |
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3) smiled |
4) would smile |
A14) |
1) did |
2) would do |
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3) had done |
4) would be doing |
A15) |
1) had killed |
2) had been killed |
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3) was killed |
4) would be killed |
A16) |
1) was missing |
2) had been missing |
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3) missed |
4) was missed |
A17) |
1) would leave |
2) would be leaving |
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3) had left |
4) was leaving |
A18) |
1) had paid |
2) would pay |
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3) would have paid |
4) paid |
Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
А19) She’s got a real aptitude for ... , everybody knows that.
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1) to draw |
2) draw |
3) drawing |
4) to drawing |
А20) Ten years ... a long period that can change personal character traits.
1) are |
2) is being |
3) are being |
4) is |
А21) ... he got nervous he would start to stammer slightly
1) Even though |
2) |
However |
3) Whenever |
4) |
Despite |
Укажите номер подчеркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.
А22) I am not the kind of person who goes around (1) thinking if only
(2) I have done (3) this or that. I just feel lucky (4).
А23) Wendy’s (1) sarcastic comments (2) made me wonder (3) about her realistic (4) motives.
А24) Rose was wisdom herself (1). You could (2) always rely on (3) her for (4) good advice.
A25) Flexibility isn`t her strong point (1), she finds it hard (2) to adopt
(3) to (4) change.
Прочитайте текст, выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Укажите выбранный вариант.
Blood (A26) ... were discovered nearly one hundred years ago, in Vienna, Austria. About ten years later, scientists in Europe began (A27) ...
that there might be a (A28) ... between a person’s blood type and his or her personality. Recently this (A29) ... has become popular. Computer dating (A30) ... often use blood type information to put people together. Key holders, soft drinks and lighters have been designed to (A31) ...
people’s types. This merchandise seems quite (A32) ... these days!
A26) |
1) sorts |
2) varieties |
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3) types |
4) kinds |
A27) |
1) offering |
2) proposing |
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3) telling |
4) suggesting |
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A28) |
1) bond |
2) connection |
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3) tie |
4) unity |
A29) |
1) assurance |
2) confidence |
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3) belief |
4) supposition |
A30) |
1) offices |
2) services |
A31) |
3) agencies |
4) agents |
1) suit |
2) fit |
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A32) |
3) become |
4) match |
1) modern |
2) contemporary |
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3) fashionable |
4) new |
Выберите реплику-стимул, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной ответной реплике. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А33) He is such a bore!
1)Why not go there?
2)What does he look like?
3)How can I recognize him?
4)Do you know him well? What is he like?
A34) She is just being difficult. Don`t worry, it will pass.
1)What`s the matter with Rachel? She`s not herself.
2)I don`t believe it.
3)Why not discuss it with her?
4)Is it a joke?
Выберите ответную реплику, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной реплике-стимулу. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А35) Jane is so reliable! You can always count on her.
1)It is impossible.
2)She sure is, and I think she takes it from her mother.
3)It is not a problem.
4)I’m not interested.
Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий содержанию прочитанного текста. Укажите выбранный вариант.
(1) Experiments have shown that in selecting personnel for a job, interviewing is at best a hindrance, and may even cause harm. These studies
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have disclosed that the judgments of interviewers differ markedly and bear little or no relationship to the adequacy of job applicants. Of the many reasons why this should be the case, three in particular stand out.
(2)The first reason is related to an error of judgment known as the halo effect. If a person has one noticeable good trait, their other characteristics will be judged as better than they really are. Thus, an individual who dresses smartly and shows self-confidence is likely to be judged capable of doing a job well regardless of his or her real ability.
(3)Interviewers are also prejudiced by an effect called the primacy effect. This error occurs when interpretation of later information is distorted by earlier connected information. Hence, in an interview situation, the interviewer spends most of the interview trying to confirm the impression given by the candidate in the first few moments. Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that such an impression is unrelated to the aptitude of the applicant.
(4)The phenomenon known as the contrast effect also skews the judgment of interviewers. A suitable candidate may be underestimated because he or she contrasts with a previous one who appears exceptionally intelligent. Likewise, an average candidate who is preceded by one who gives a weak showing may be judged as more suitable than he or she really is.
(5)Since interviews as a form of personnel selection have been shown to be inadequate, other selection procedures have been devised which more accurately predict candidate suitability. Of the various tests devised, the predictor which appears to do this most successfully is cognitive ability as measured by a variety of verbal and spatial tests.
А36) The content of the story belongs to the field of
1)management.
2)physiology.
3)education.
А37) The idea is that job interviews, as a source of information, are very often
1)unimportant.
2)uncompromising.
3)unreliable.
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A38) The halo, primacy and contrast effects can
1)make interviewers very impressionable.
2)make interviewers’ judgment incorrect.
3)hardly cause any misunderstanding.
А39) The information proves that selecting personnel is more successful if it is
1)done on the basis of interviews only.
2)performed by automatic interviewers.
3)effected by a variety of procedures.
Определите, в каком значении слово употреблено в тексте. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А40) |
(4) skew |
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1) distort |
2) create |
3) improve |
А41) |
(5) devise |
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1) perform |
2) work out |
3) decide |
Выберите правильный вариант перевода в соответствии с содержанием текста. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А42) (1) ... three in particular stand out.
1)... три в основном выступают.
2)... три выделяются по-особенному.
3)... три являются наиболее значимыми.
Прочитайте текст. Подберите заголовок к каждому абзацу в соответствии с его содержанием.
(A43)___Gratitude, thankfulness, or appreciation is a positive emotion or attitude when individuals acknowledge a benefit of receiving help, depending on their interpretation of the situation. To be more specific, individuals are more likely to experience the emotion when the help they receive is perceived by them as valuable, beneficial or costly. Grat-
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itude is also shown towards honesty, trustworthiness, and demonstration of integrity and cooperation.
(A44)___When people are encountering similar situations where they have been given help, different individuals view the situation in different ways when it comes to value, cost, and benevolent intentions. All this may explain why people feel various levels of gratitude after getting some help. In general, individuals who feel more gratefulness in life, tend to interpret help as more costly, more beneficial, and more beneficially intended. Therefore, this habitual prejudice could make it more understandable as to why some people feel more gratitude than others.
(A45)___Men are less likely to express gratitude because they believe that it is not manly to express softer emotions. On the contrary, women are more emotionally vulnerable and expressive, they tend to show their feelings more frequently, and are more likely to benefit from expressing gratitude. Women, in general, better maintain their relationships with other people, compared to men, because they are able to better share and express their emotions. This pays off pretty well because this way women are more likely to receive support and understanding from others, and as a result are given the opportunity to express gratitude for the help. They may also experience stress for shorter periods of time compared to men, because they are willing to look and ask for help. Men always try to cope with problematic issues alone, and have a wrong impression that seeking help is a sign of weakness. This all means that men deny themselves opportunities to get help and, therefore, the ability to express gratitude.
(A46)___Todd Kashdan, an associate Professor, who teaches Psychology at George Mason University, Virginia, says that gratitude, the emotion of thankfulness and joy in response to receiving a gift, is the best way to stay happy and healthy. The scientist has also discovered that when it comes to feeling grateful, women are more likely to feel and express the emotion than men.
(A47)___To come up with this conclusion, Dr. Kashdan and his colleagues examined and analyzed differences in both genders’ expression of gratitude, based on three recent studies. They appraised: 1) how gratitude is being expressed; 2) the variety of possible ways how individuals experience thankfulness in their lives; 3) how the benefits of grate-
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fulness differ between male and female. In one of the studies, Kashdan interviewed college age students and older adults. They all were asked to describe and evaluate the most recent episode when they received a gift. Interviews that have involved just students showed that young ladies felt more grateful when receiving presents, compared to young men. Men, in their turn, felt somehow obligated rather than grateful at the time of getting a gift. As to older men, they had negative attitude towards presents that were given to them by other men. The results showed that men could be limiting their ability to feel happy. According to Kashdan, when boys, in general, grow up, they are taught to hide and control their emotions, which, at a later time, could be affecting and limiting their well-being.
(A48)___The scientist named three elements that are very important for creating happiness and making a life full of meaning – this includes gratitude, strong and healthy relationships, and living in the present, with an attitude of openness and curiosity. He said that previous research on this matter showed that there may be differences between two genders, and therefore, there is a need to conduct more investigation in order to find out why. Karshdan says that even a very small effect could be of a great importance in the long run.
Подберите заголовки A43–A45 из предложенных (1–4). Один заголовок является лишним.
1)grateful ‘publicly’ and ‘lonely wolves’
2)a multi-aspect emotion
3)personality differences
4)emotionally vulnerable
Подберите заголовки A46–A48 из предложенных (1–4). Один заголовок является лишним.
1)three little ‘secrets’
2)male expression of gratitude
3)the recent research data
4)the more grateful, the happier
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