Английский язык. Практические задания для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
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Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий содержанию прочитанного текста. Укажите выбранный вариант.
(1)A few scientists are dedicated to researching mysterious unclassified beasts which other scientists refuse to believe exist. While these cryptozoologists keep an open mind about their object of study, they are quick to point to cases in which the skeptics were proved mistaken. For example, the pygmy hippopotamus, once claimed to be extinct, was found to exist in East Africa. The giant squid was dismissed as the product of an overactive imagination until a specimen was washed up on a beach in 1873.
(2)One of the most intriguing mysteries being investigated by cryptozoologists is “Bigfoot,” a large hairy humanoid creature which many people claim to have seen in parts of North America. In 1967, a film of Bigfoot was actually taken by an amateur photographer. Some scientists are convinced of Bigfoot’s existence, while others argue that Bigfoot is just an elaborate hoax.
(3)The Loch Ness monster provokes similar disagreements among researchers. In this case some scientists argue that while some creature may have been seen, it is probably a type of whale which penetrates the loch when the Ness River floods.
(4)The Yeti of the Himalayas may be the most fascinating undiscovered creature. Many climbers claim to have seen the Yeti or its footprints, and local inhabitants of the mountains are convinced of its existence. Such well-known mysteries as the Yeti and less well-known mysteries as the Congo dinosaur and the Queensland tiger will no doubt be the source of much speculation for years to come.
А36) The passage mainly discusses
1) wild animals 2) unknown creatures 3) cryptozoologists
А37) A cryptozoologist would probably show most interest in
1) an elephant |
2) a human-being |
3) a giant octopus |
А38) According to the passage, the existence of the Yeti is
1)a well-established fact
2)proved by its footprints
3)considered certain by Himalayan inhabitants
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А39) Which of the following statements is not true?
1)Bigfoot has been discovered in North America.
2)The Loch Ness monster may be a whale.
3)The pigmy hippopotamus exists.
Определите, в каком значении слово употреблено в тексте. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А40) |
specimen (1) |
|
|
|
1) man |
2) sample |
3) exhibit |
А41) |
hoax (2) |
|
|
|
1) game |
2) trick |
3) comedy |
Выберите правильный вариант перевода в соответствии с содержанием текста. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А42) The Loch Ness monster provokes similar disagreements among researchers. (3)
1)Лох-Несское чудовище провоцирует подобные разногласия среди ученых.
2)Лох-Несское чудовище вызывает сходные противоречия среди исследователей.
3)Лох-Несское чудовище вызывает схожие споры среди исследователей.
Прочитайте текст. Подберите заголовок к каждому абзацу в соответствии с его содержанием.
(A43) ___Flying versus driving: which is better for the environment – to fly or drive somewhere? The simple answer is that driving in a relatively fuel-efficient car (25–30 miles per gallon) usually generates fewer greenhouse-gas emissions than flying. In assessing the global warming impact of a trip from Philadelphia to Boston (about 300 miles), the environmental news website calculates that driving would generate about 104 kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2) – a leading greenhouse gas – per typical medium-sized
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car, regardless of the number of passengers, while flying on a commercial jet would produce some 184 kilograms of CO2 per passenger.
(A44) ___Moreover, carpooling usually generates fewest greenhouse gases per passenger. What this also means, of course, is that while even driving alone would be slightly better from the standpoint of greenhouse-gas emissions, carpooling really makes environmental sense. Four people sharing a car would collectively be responsible for emitting only 104 kilograms of CO2, while the same four people taking up four seats on a plane would generate some 736 kilograms of carbon dioxide.
(A45) ___According to the recent data, cross-country calculations show stark contrasts. Pablo Päster extends the comparison further, to a cross-country trip, and comes to similar conclusions. Flying from San Francisco to Boston, for example, would generate some 1,300 kilograms of greenhouse gases per passenger each way, while driving would account for only 930 kilograms per vehicle. So, again, sharing the drive with one or more people would lower each individual’s carbon footprint from the experience accordingly.
(A46) ___But just because driving might be greener than flying doesn’t mean it always makes the most sense. With current high gas prices, it would cost far more in fuel to drive clear across the United States in a car than to fly nonstop coast-to-coast. And that’s not even factoring in the time spent on restaurants and hotels along the way. Those interested in figuring out driving fuel costs can consult an online Fuel Cost Calculator, where you can enter your starting city and destination as well as the year, make and model of your car to get an accurate estimate of what it will cost to fill up your car between points A and B.
(A47) ___Once you’ve made your decision whether to drive or fly, consider purchasing carbon offsets to balance out the emissions you are generating with cash for renewable energy development. Terra Pass, among others, makes it easy to calculate your carbon footprint based on how much you drive and fly (as well as home energy consumption), and then will sell you offsets accordingly. Money generated through carbon offsets funds alternative energy and other projects, such as wind farms, that will ultimately take a bite out of or eliminate greenhouse-gas emissions.
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(A48) ___Of course, an individual’s emissions from riding a bus or a train would be significantly lower. Paster adds that a cross-coun- try train trip would generate about half the greenhouse-gas emissions of driving a car. The only way to travel greener might be to bicycle or walk—but the trip is long enough as it is.
Подберите заголовки A43–A45 из предложенных (1–4). Один заголовок является лишним.
1)the fewer passengers, the better
2)contrasts in cross-country calculations
3)a leading greenhouse gas
4)the vehicle more eco-friendly
Подберите заголовки A46–A48 из предложенных (1–4). Один заголовок является лишним.
1)carbon offsets compensation
2)distances count
3)the greenest transportation
4)alternative energy projects
Часть B
Прочитайте текст (В1–В4). Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных и запишите его в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз и что заданную форму слова необходимо изменить.
USE, PACKAGE, CHECK, WEEK
When we buy various items, we pay not only for them. (B1) ... adds about ten per cent to our (B2) ... shopping bill. It is totally (B3) ... and eventually we have to pay for it to be taken away. Most plastic is made from oil and doesn’t biodegrade. So refuse bags at the supermarket (B4) ... , use boxes instead.
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Прочитайте текст (В5–В6). Выпишите по два лишних слова из каждого предложения в порядке их предъявления в тексте.
B5) Less than then one per cent of the plant species that make up the rainforests of the world have been extensively examined about for their potential.
B6) Cures for of cancer, unknown miracle foods and products await their discovery but as they wait they are being destroyed by the man.
Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу.
Everyday there is another (B7) ... about some product damaging our health. Bleaches are (B8) ... the most polluting of household cleaners. As well as being a health risk, they continue killing organisms in rivers long (B9) ... they leave your home, so it is best to minimize the quantities used.
Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, данный в скобках
В10) Nature can definitely exist without people but people (не могут обойтись без) nature.
В11) People of all ages work together (как) environmental activists.
B12) If we don`t stop wasting water resources the world will (столкнётся с) the problem of water shortage in the nearest future.
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Test 20 |
ECONOMICS AND POLITICS: |
|
ALWAYS VITAL |
||
|
Часть A
К каждому заданию даны варианты ответов, из которых только один является верным. Выберите правильный ответ из четырех предложенных.
The United Nations Children’s Fund is (A1) ... programme of the United Nations devoted (A2) ... aiding national efforts to improve (A3) ...
health, education and general welfare of children. This fund was created in December 1946 for the provision of relief to children in countries devastated by (A4) ... World War II. After 1950 the fund’s efforts were directed (A5) ... general programmes (A6) ... the improvement of children’s welfare particularly in developing countries. Such issues as the prevention and treatment of certain diseases and the distribution of surplus food are high (A7) ... its priority list. The fund’s humanitarian activities really put the problems of children (A8) ... the spotlight.
A1) |
1) an |
2) a |
3) the |
4) – |
A2) |
1) towards |
2) at |
3) to |
4) for |
A3) |
1) the |
2) – |
3) an |
4) a |
A4) |
1) a |
2) – |
3) the |
4) an |
A5) |
1) into |
2) with |
3) to |
4) towards |
A6) |
1) about |
2) of |
3) for |
4) on |
A7) |
1) at |
2) on |
3) – |
4) onto |
A8) |
1) into |
2) in |
3) at |
4) to |
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
Inflation is not a new phenomenon, but one that (A9) ... at various times in various places. In its severe form hyperinflation can destroy a nation’s economy. This (A10) ... in revolutionary France and Wei-
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mar Germany where bundles of banknotes (A11) ... to pay for a loaf of bread. What is inflation? It (A12) ... as a continual increase in prices affecting the economy. The rate of inflation (A13) ... by changes in the price level. When some prices (A14) ... while others (A15) ... this (A16) ... the price level. Inflation occurs only if most major prices increase. Inflation erodes the value of money and people’s savings. Provided a government (A17) ... to decrease inflation, it (A18) ... to carry out some unpopular measures, like increasing taxes and raising interest rates, but they will bring results in the long run.
A9) |
1) exists |
2) existed |
|
3) has existed |
4) was existing |
A10) |
1) happened |
2) has happened |
|
3) was happening |
4) was happened |
A11) |
1) was needed |
2) needed |
|
3) were needed |
4) have been heeded |
A12) |
1) defines |
2) is defined |
|
3) defined |
4) is defining |
A13) |
1) is being determined |
2) is determined |
|
3) was determined |
4) has been determined |
A14) |
1) rise |
2) are risen |
|
3) will rise |
4) rose |
A15) |
1) are falling |
2) fell |
|
3) are fallen |
4) fall |
A16) |
1) doesn’t affect |
2) isn’t affecting |
|
3) won’t be affecting |
4) won’t affect |
A17) |
1) wished |
2) wishes |
|
3) will wish |
4) will be wishing |
A18) |
1) will have |
2) has |
|
3) will have had |
4) had |
Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
А19) Would you be so kind as ... me what function legislative branch performs. I need it for a quiz.
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1) to tell |
2) tell |
3) telling |
4) to telling |
А20) The Democratic Party has increased its majority. Now it accounts for 25 ... .
1) thousand members |
2) thousands members |
3) thousands` members |
4) thousands of members |
А21) The Bank of England ensures efficiency of the financial system ... the City of London can be the world’s leading international financial center.
1) whatever |
2) for fear |
3) because |
4) so that |
Укажите номер подчеркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.
А22) A budget is a (1) plan that estimates how much money will be spent (2), what it will be spent on (3), and how much money is
(4) left over.
А23) To help (1) policymakers and another (2), the US government spends as much as (3) 1.4 billion a year in collecting (4) statistics.
А24) It has become obvious (1) that a lot of British people didn’t like
(2) that their government considered it essential (3) that they should join (4) the European community.
A25) The (1) Prime Minister is a (2) most influential figure in (3) British politics (4).
Прочитайте текст, выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Укажите выбранный вариант.
What is a (A26) ... wage? The (A27) ... of money that people earn is in reality (A28) ... not by fairness but by market forces. A certain ratio ought to (A29) ... between the highest and the lowest paid. We should
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also take into consideration some benefits (A30) ... as holidays, sick pay and maternity (A31) ... – which every citizen is (A32) ... to.
A26) |
1) honest |
2) just |
3) fair |
4) right |
A27) |
1) amount |
2) size |
3) lot |
4) sum |
A28) |
1) decided |
2) given |
3) proved |
4) determined |
A29) |
1) remain |
2) stand |
3) exist |
4) become |
A30) |
1) such |
2) like |
3) so |
4) just |
A31) |
1) holiday |
2) vacation |
3) leave |
4) rest |
A32) |
1) ensured |
2) enabled |
3) entrusted |
4) entitled |
Выберите реплику-стимул, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной ответной реплике. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А33) I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m not really into politics, I prefer art.
1)What are you reading?
2)I’ve missed the news. What’s going on in the world?
3)How’s life treating you?
4)What’s up?
A34) I couldn`t agree more.
1)A few people are satisfied with their income.
2)Intellectual labor should be valued more.
3)Money can buy everything.
4)Money is the most important thing in life.
Выберите ответную реплику, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной реплике-стимулу. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А35) If there were more women in politics, the world would be a better place.
1) I am with you here. 2) Cool!
3) If you don’t think so. 4) I wish I could.
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Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий содержанию прочитанного текста. Укажите выбранный вариант.
(1)In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil — the basic ingredients of industrial growth — were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
(2)One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider’s web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal.
(3)Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century — always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs. The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.
(4)The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Eu- rope—most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “money market.”
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