Английский язык. Практические задания для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и устному экзамену
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А36) The text focuses on the tendencies of
1)industrial development of the USA.
2)political development of the USA.
3)cultural development of the USA.
А37) It is certain that the US progress was facilitated by
1)the import of natural resources.
2)the export of natural resources from overseas.
3)abundance of local natural resources.
А38) Among the factors influencing production the author mentions
1)efficiency and consumption.
2)accessibility and low prices.
3)competition and import
А39) All of this is true except the fact that
1)the growth of railroads was instrumental in industrial development
2)labor force grew only due to mass immigration.
3)American agriculture was productive.
Определите, в каком значении слово употреблено в тексте. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А40) |
surplus (3) |
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1) sum |
2) excess |
3) increase |
А41) |
tremendous (4) |
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1) surprising |
2) growing |
3) huge |
Выберите правильный вариант перевода в соответствии с содержанием текста. Укажите выбранный вариант.
А42) One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. (2)
1) Одной из важных ступеней развития в движении к индустриализации был рост железных дорог.
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2)Развитие сети железных дорог было решающим шагом по пути к индустриализации.
3)Рост количества железных дорог был важным шагом на пути к индустриализации.
Прочитайте текст. Подберите заголовок к каждому абзацу в соответствии с его содержанием.
(A43) ___It appears these days that how you feel, rather than what you believe in, has become the defining feature of political protest. This sentiment was revealed by the British actress and veteran left winger Vanessa Redgrave, who announced her intention to put on a one-woman play in London to ‘express her anger over President Bush’s visit’ in November 2003. During a conversation about Arnold Schwarzenegger, the actor-turned-governor of California, a housewife from San Diego said: ‘I have a good feeling about this guy.’ When I asked what she meant, she replied: ‘He is a genuine person and not a politician.’
(A44) ___The coincidence of the politics of feeling and an apolitical populism is one of the distinctive features of contemporary protest. By focusing on an individual politician’s personality, it personalises politics. But even more importantly, protest has become a strikingly personal matter. It is about the protester as an individual, and says more about how he feels about himself than what he thinks of the issue at stake. That is why it is difficult to define today’s acts of protest as constituting a political movement. On the contrary: they are the product of a profound mood of political disengagement that afflicts most Western societies.
(A45) ___We live in an era of political exhaustion. Fewer and fewer people are prepared to vote, and fewer still are interested in getting involved in party politics. In the UK, membership of the major political parties has fallen by half since 1980. During the same period, political party membership in France has declined by two-thirds, and in Italy by 51 per cent. Today, people’s idealism and hopes are rarely invested in a belief in political change, and individuals rarely develop their identities through some form of political attachment.
182
(A46) ___What has changed during the past two decades is the very meaning of politics itself. Last century, political life was dominated by radically different alternatives. Competing political philosophies offered contrasting visions of the good society. Conflict between these ideologies was often fierce, provoking violent clashes and even revolutions.
(A47) ___The twenty-first century offers a radically different political landscape. Politics today has little in common with the passions and conflicts that have shaped people’s commitments and hatreds over the past century. There is no longer room for either the ardent advocate of revolution or the fervent defenders of the free market faith. Political sentiments rarely acquire a systematic form, in which vague aspirations for change are transformed into real-life discussions about how change might come about. This is definitely not an age of political programmes. Where political life was once defined by debates about the welfare state or privatisation, now similar-sounding manifestos pick over class sizes in schools and university tuition fees.
(A48) ___It is widely believed that the world is out of control and that there is little that human beings can do to master these developments or influence their destiny. Now that there are no competing visions about how society should be organised, real choices about how we control our future are no longer possible. Humanity is forced to accept what former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher aptly described as TINA – There is No Alternative. If there is no alternative to the status quo, the notion that we can control the future at all ceases to apply. Instead, it is assumed that all we can do is try to limit the damage that is threatened by a destructive system.
Подберите заголовки A43–A45 из предложенных (1–4). Один заголовок является лишним.
1)one’s personal touch
2)political self-identity
3)political disengagement
4)psychology versus ideology
183
Подберите заголовки A46–A48 из предложенных (1–4). Один заголовок является лишним.
1)living by compromise
2)the gone ‘Left’ and ‘Right’
3)political neglect
4)a new paradigm
Часть B
Прочитайте текст (В1–В4). Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных и запишите его в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз и что заданную форму слова необходимо изменить.
ADVANTAGE, ABLE, PERSON, EARN
Unemployment creates national and (B1) ... (B2) ... . Unemployed people are (B3) ... to contribute to generating national wealth. They also lose (B4) ... power and are denied the opportunity to develop new skills and realize their ambitions through work.
Прочитайте текст (В5–В6). Выпишите по два лишних слова из каждого предложения в порядке их предъявления в тексте.
B5) Thirty years ago, an individual might have identified called himself as a Labour man, which whose outlook on life was shaped by his belief in a socialist future and whose relationships in the present were with a community that shared this broad view.
B6) Today the question of who you vote for is seen as very barely significant, and self-identity is viewed far more in terms of individuals’ lifestyles, cultural traditions habits and personal experiences.
184
Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу.
As it has been throughout (B7) ... , the United Kingdom is a significant world trading nation. It exports and (B8) ... a wide range of various goods. It is now considered a major international financial centre. It provides such (B9) ... as banking and insurance.
Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, данный в скобках
В10) Social surveyors (указывают) that crime rate is definitely linked with other social issues.
В11) The government decision (поднять) taxes was unpopular, but brought results.
B12) When Richard has decided (специализироваться в) political science nobody was surprised.
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КЛЮЧИ (ЧАСТЬ А)
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A5 |
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A6 |
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A7 |
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A10 |
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A11 |
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A12 |
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A13 |
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A14 |
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A15 |
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A16 |
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A19 |
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А20 |
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А21 |
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А22 |
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А23 |
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А24 |
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А26 |
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А32 |
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А33 |
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А34 |
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А35 |
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А36 |
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А37 |
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2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А38 |
|
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
187 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А39 |
|
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
188
Test |
№ |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A40 |
|
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А41 |
|
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А42 |
|
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А43 |
|
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А44 |
|
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А45 |
|
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А46 |
|
2 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А47 |
|
4 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А48 |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
КЛЮЧИ (ЧАСТЬ В)
Тест |
№ |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В1 |
|
charismatic |
mixture |
peculiarities |
belief |
careless |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В2 |
|
stylish |
inborn |
spicy |
known |
adulthood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В3 |
|
overeat |
descendants |
opt |
chemicals |
required |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В4 |
|
irresistible |
appearance |
sensible |
responsible |
assessment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В5 |
|
their, general |
in, or |
enough, as |
in, meal |
modern, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
times |
В6 |
|
died, that |
ago, hardly |
for, but |
ways, if |
to, turn |
В7 |
|
robbery |
mean |
where |
feel |
time |
В8 |
|
height |
way |
using |
also |
just |
В9 |
|
hair |
beauty |
then |
made |
offered |
В10 |
|
hairdo |
isn`t he |
why not try |
the wealthy |
giving up |
В11 |
|
similarity |
whatever he |
does she? |
they say |
room |
|
|
|
is told |
|
|
|
В12 |
|
raises |
there is |
there is noth- |
put down |
turn into |
|
|
|
|
ing like |
|
|
Тест |
№ |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В1 |
|
various |
differentiate |
meaning |
prestigious |
invaluable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В2 |
|
athletics |
recognized |
overesti- |
coeduca- |
regarding |
|
|
|
|
mated |
tional |
|
В3 |
|
originated |
definite |
variety |
emphasis |
cooperative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В4 |
|
significant |
younger |
functional |
leadership |
assistance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В5 |
|
a, few |
the, to |
acts, the |
the, of |
rich, has |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В6 |
|
except, must |
would, also |
of, job |
but, of |
so, go |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В7 |
|
stop |
about |
life |
leave |
children |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В8 |
|
either |
program |
share |
cope |
useful |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В9 |
|
instead |
anyone |
work |
time |
parents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В10 |
|
was red with |
countless |
take care of |
in the |
to cope with |
|
|
effort |
|
|
beginning |
|
В11 |
|
ranks second |
lay the foun- |
something in |
on time |
in a nutshell |
|
|
|
dation |
common |
|
|
В12 |
|
into |
fall into large |
for the sake |
a week |
was pro- |
|
|
|
groups |
of |
|
moted down |
189
Тест |
№ |
11 |
|
12 |
|
13 |
14 |
15 |
|||
В1 |
|
popular |
|
meaningful |
|
imprecise |
slavery |
revolution- |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ized |
В2 |
|
ensure |
|
accom- |
|
exhilarating |
spirituals |
musical |
|||
|
|
|
|
plished |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В3 |
|
mysterious |
|
guitarist |
|
wildernesses |
characteristic |
exceptional |
|||
В4 |
|
creatures |
|
distinctive |
|
imaginative |
flexibility |
diversified |
|||
В5 |
|
like, alike |
|
by, as |
|
the, for |
clients, from |
countries, |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
own |
В6 |
|
to, either |
|
of, yet |
|
tourist, |
of, can |
less, emo- |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simple |
|
|
tions |
|
В7 |
|
word |
|
with |
|
same |
its |
also |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В8 |
|
mean |
|
to |
|
somewhere |
states |
most |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В9 |
|
language |
|
who |
|
another |
into |
movies |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В10 |
|
at first sight |
|
easily |
|
community |
most |
the longest |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В11 |
|
why not |
|
contains |
|
does it? |
from |
to deal with |
|||
|
|
visit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
memory |
|
|
В12 |
|
apart |
|
is rich in |
|
come |
laid the foun- |
which |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Тест |
№ |
16 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
18 |
|
19 |
20 |
В1 |
|
prove |
|
annoyance |
|
practically |
|
packaging |
personal |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
В2 |
|
scientifically |
|
frustration |
|
ownership |
|
weekly |
disadvantages |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
В3 |
|
unexpectedly |
|
exasperated |
|
growing |
|
useless |
unable |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
В4 |
|
incredibly |
|
whimsical |
|
competitive |
|
checkout |
earning |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
В5 |
|
for, the |
|
by, however |
|
last, hung |
|
then, about |
called, which |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
В6 |
|
as, a |
|
if, in |
|
magazines, |
|
of, the |
very, tradi- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
teams |
|
|
tions |
В7 |
|
would |
|
popular |
|
idea |
|
story |
history |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
В8 |
|
granted |
|
everywhere |
|
what |
|
among |
imports |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
В9 |
|
way |
|
eyes |
|
interested |
|
after |
services |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
В10 |
|
on behalf of |
|
is self-em- |
|
are always |
|
can`t do |
point out |
||
|
|
|
|
|
ployed |
|
reading |
|
without |
|
|
В11 |
|
in control of |
|
others |
|
for today`s |
|
as |
to raise |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
paper |
|
|
|
В12 |
|
to stop |
|
does he? |
|
on offer |
|
face |
to major in |
||
|
|
people from |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
getting ill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
190