Английский язык. Способы словообразования в таблицах и упражнениях = English word formation (tables and exercises). Пособие для подготовки к тестирова
.pdfchampion – чемп |
championship – первенство, |
|
чемпионат |
hard – жесткий |
hardship – трудности; |
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неприятности |
scholar – ученый |
scholarship – ученость; |
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образованность; стипендия |
sponsor – поручитель |
sponsorship – поручительство; |
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гарантия |
–th используется для образования существительных от прила-
гательных и глаголов |
breadth – широта |
broad – широкий |
|
deep – глубокий |
depth – глубина |
to grow – расти |
growth – рост |
healthy – здоровый |
health – здоровье |
long – длинный |
length – длина |
strong – сильный |
strength – сила |
warm – теплый |
warmth – теплота |
wealthy – богатый |
wealth – богатство |
wide – широкий |
width – широта |
young – молодой |
youth – молодость |
упражнение 1. Сделайте правильный выбор.
1.What is the … (long, length) of the corridor?
2.How … (long, length) is the street?
. He is not … (strong, strength) enough to fight with John?
4.My brother can lift the box because of his … (strong, strength).
5.Nelly’s skirt is too … (wide, width).
6.We can’t get the piano through the door because of its … (wide, width).
7.Is spring a … (warmth, warm) season?
8.We felt the … (warm, warmth) of the sun on out faces and
hands.
9.We were surprised at your formal … (polite, politeness).
10.We were not struck by the … (white, whiteness) of the snow.
– y используется для образования существительных от глаголов
to arm – вооружать |
army – армия |
to deliver – доставлять |
delivery – доставка |
to discover – открывать |
discovery – открытие |
–ure употребляется для образования существительных от глаголов, прилагательных и существительных. Существительные,
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образованные от глаголов, имеют отношение к действиям и состояниям, описанным исходными глаголами.
architect – архитектор |
architecture – архитектура, |
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зодчество |
to close – закрывать |
closure – закрытие |
to create – cоздавать |
creature – создание, творение |
to depart – уезжать |
departure – отъезд; уход |
to disclose – обнаруживать |
disclosure – обнаружение, |
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открытие |
to enclose – огораживать |
enclosure – отгороженность, |
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замкнутость |
to expend – тратить |
expenditure – расходование, |
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трата денег |
to fail – недоставать |
failure – неспособность |
to mix – смешивать |
mixture – перемешивание, смесь |
natural – естественный |
nature – природа; вселенная |
pleasant – приятный |
pleasure – желание, воля; |
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склонность |
to press – нажимать |
pressure – давление |
sculptor –скульптор |
sculpture – ваяние, скульптура |
to seize – схватить |
seizure – захват, взятие силой |
sign – знак |
signature – подпись |
упражнение 2. Образуйте от следующих глаголов существительные с помощью соответствующих суффиксов:
to arrive – |
to recover – |
to govern – |
to inform – |
to arm – |
to propose – |
to agree – |
to pay – |
to establish – |
to create – |
упражнение 3. Образуйте от следующих прилагательных существительные с помощью соответствующих суффиксов:
kind – |
stupid – |
brilliant – |
quiet – |
human – |
rude – |
happy – |
natural – |
strong – |
active – |
wealthy – |
tender – |
упражнение 4. Образуйте от следующих слов существительные путем добавления соответствующих суффиксов:
curious – |
acknowledge – |
describe – |
determine – |
object – |
impatient – |
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criticize – |
oppose – |
sick – |
consider – |
examine – |
arrive – |
busy – |
invent – |
propose – |
compare– |
inform |
marry – |
appear– |
prepare – |
appoint – |
satisfy – |
invite – |
active – |
amuse – |
educate – |
attractive – |
enjoy– |
decide – |
wide – |
excite – |
sign – |
long –. |
deliver – |
relation – |
pleasant – |
упражнение 5. Вставьте абстрактные существительные, образованные от слов, данных в скобках.
1.This general always showed great courage and … (wise).
2.The traveler had to overcome many … (difficult).
. He sat resting, enjoying the … (warm) of the fire.
4.He suffered from his own … (fool).
5.This man has extraordinary … (strong).
6.The balloon floated at the … (high) of one mile.
7.She remembered the happy days of her … (young).
8.The … (long) of the canal is seventy kilometres.
9.Its … (wide) is one hundred metres.
10.When he came round he felt a strange … (weak) and could not
stand up.
упражнение 6. Используйте слова в скобках для образования нужных по контексту слов для заполнения пропусков.
1.On Saturday we had a long … (to discuss) about where to go for our summer holidays.
2.Whose … (responsible) was it to make sure the bills were paid?. There is a … (possible) of a new earthquake in the region.
4.The … (to explode) of the bomb was heard several kilometres
away.
5.What made you choose law as a … (to profess)?
6.If you don’t do more … (to revise) before the exam, you are not
going to pass.
7.Scientists have made an important … (to discover) about why we grow old.
8.The actor gave the finest … (to perform) of her career.
9.There has been an increase in the … (frequent) of bank robberies
lately.
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10.This insurance plan can offer your family financial … (to secure) in case of death or accident.
11.The … (major) of people in this city live in flats because it is
cheaper.
упражнение 7. Используйте слова в скобках для образования нужных по контексту слов для заполнения пропусков.
1.Your … (to propose) will be taken into consideration.
2.His … (to arrive) was so unexpected.
. The boy’s … (to refuse) to apply a comb to his hair looked funny.
4.I’ll phone you on the day of … (to remove).
5.Our … (friend) is very strong.
6.Her water-colour … (to draw) are so sweet.
7.I can see …(happy) in your eyes.
8.We can say without … (to hesitate) that he is the best boxer in
our city.
9.Mother says I was naughty in my … (child).
10.Water … (to pollute) is one of the largest problems in our
world.
11.Her face was flushed with … (to excite).
12.Unfortunately he doesn’t have any … (to imagine). 1 . I am satisfied with the new … (to equip).
14.The law protects children from … (cruel).
15.There is a … (possible) of a new tornado in our region.
16.They got married without their parents’ … (to permit).
упражнение 8. Заполните пропуски путем образования нужного существительного от однокоренного слова в скобках:
1.The salesmen take … (percent) on everything they sell.
2.She is showing the signs of … (to withdraw ) and depression.
. It is impossible to predict the effect of this measure with great … (accurate).
4.The royal standards flies when the Queen is in (to reside).
5.They are not very good … (to employ), they treat their workers
badly.
6.(to accuse) of corruption has been brought against him.
7.Unfortunately the author insisted on … (anonymous), and we do
not know his name.
8.Many (to represent) of the older generation were there.
9.She is admired by the whole … (neighbour) for her kindness and
consideration.
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10.I only do it for … (to amuse), not for any serious purpose.
11.Only when he was 60 he applied for the (member) of this as-
sociation.
12. … (wealthy) had not brought them happiness. 1 . I keep a book with his personal … (sign).
упражнение 9. Заполните пропуски путем образования нужного существительного от однокоренного слова в скобках:
1.The strike was caused by the … (to dismiss) of two workers.
2.In winter most cars in the village remain in the parking due to … (sufficient) of fuel.
. He is studying the … (to occur) of accidents on this piece of the
road.
4.The authorities appeal to the public for increasing religious and racial …(to tolerate) in the society.
5.He is not a … (to lie), he just has a good imagination.
6.I have enough … (to complicate) in my life without having to
make it up with your girlfriend.
7.Can you buy aspirin for me at the …(chemical) on the corner?
8.When the … (minor) lose at the election, it doesn’t mean that
they are not right in their choice.
9.He got the Nobel Prize for the greatest scientific … (to achieve) of the century.
10.He asked … (to forgive) for everything he had done wrong.
11.He worked in …(partner) with his brother.
12.The fact of … (to close) all the coalmines in the district affected
the workers’ morale.
упражнение 10. Заполните пропуски путем образования нужного слова от однокоренного существительного в скобках:
1.We need a … (fluency) speaker of Spanish to work as an interpreter.
2.Early to bed, early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and … (wisdom).
. She may be … (offence) if you don’t reply to his invitation.
4.To my mind, … (intelligence) capacities are not inborn, they are
developed.
5.She was very … (reluctance) to admit the truth.
6.He started saving money as he hoped to … (investor) it in a busi-
ness enterprise.
7.She is favourably … (disposition) towards new ideas,
8.The author of this guidebook is an architect by … (professionalism).
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9.Explain it as … (simplicity) as you can.
10.Ballet dancers normally … (retirement) at 40, not later.
11.I always drive more … (carelessness) at night as I am afraid of
accidents.
12. When their baby was born they felt what … (hardship) life was. 1 . She never …(failure) to keep her word.
упражнение 11. Вставьте буквы -а, -е, -о.
...family |
r |
...propell |
r |
...disast |
r |
...hung |
r |
|
superi... |
r |
particul... |
r |
refrigerat r... |
foreign...r |
|||
inferi... |
r |
simil |
...r |
|
escalat... |
r |
anch... |
r |
peculi... |
r |
coll... |
r |
|
equat... |
r |
vineg... |
r |
caterpill r... |
fact... |
r |
|
calend... |
r |
burgl... |
r |
|
упражнение 12. Вставьте в пропуски буквы -а, -е, -о.
1.The profess...r is also the edit...r of the college journal.
2.The writ..r of those events was an old minist...r who had once been a solicit...r.
. The beg...r was found to be a li-ar.
4.The invad...rs were repelled with great slaught...r.
5.Cicero was a distinguished orat...r.
6.Report...rs were not allowed to be present at the direct...rs’ council meeting.
7.A govern...r of several states is called an emper...r.
8.He was a keen observ...r of nature.
9.The doct...r’s nephew was given a prize.
10.The profess...r as instruct...r is both act...r and conduct...r.
11.Juni...r is pri...r to seni...r.
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ключи к упражнениям
упражнение 1
1.lenghth; 2. long; . strong; 4. strength; 5. wide; 6. width; 7. warm;
8.warmth; 9. politeness; 10. whiteness.
упражнение 2
to arrive – arrival |
to recover – recovery |
to govern – government |
to inform – information |
to arm – armament |
to propose – proposal |
to agree – agreement |
to pay – payment |
to establish – establishment |
to create – creation |
упражнение 3
kind – kindness |
stupid – stupidity |
brilliant – brilliance |
quiet – quietness |
human – humanity |
rude –rudeness |
happy – happiness |
natural – nature |
strong – strength |
active – activity |
wealthy – wealth |
tender – tenderness |
упражнение 4
curious – curiosity |
acknowledge – |
describe – description |
determine – |
acknowledgement |
impatient – impatience |
determination |
object – objection |
sick – sickness |
criticize – critic/ |
oppose – opposition |
arrive – arrival |
criticism |
examine – examination |
propose – proposal |
consider – |
invent – invention |
marry – marriage |
consideration |
inform –information/ |
appoint – appointment |
busy – business |
informer |
active – activities/ |
compare– comparison |
prepare – preparation |
activity |
appear– appearance |
invite – invitation |
attractive –attractive- |
satisfy – satisfaction |
educate – education/ |
ness/attraction |
amuse – amusement |
educator |
wide – width |
enjoy– enjoyment |
decide – decision |
long – length |
excite – excitement |
sign – signature |
pleasant – pleasure |
deliver – delivery |
relation – relationship |
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упражнение 5
1.wisdom; 2. difficulties; . warmth; 4. foolishness; 5. strength;
6.height; 7. youth; 8. length; 9. width.
упражнение 6
1. discussion; 2. responsibility; . possibility; 4. explosion; 5. profession; 6. revision; 7. discovery; 8. performance; 9. frequency; 10. security; 11. majority.
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упражнение 7
1. proposal; 2. arrival; . refusal; 4. removal; 5. friendship; 6. drawings; 7. happiness; 8. hesitation; 9. childhood; 10. pollution; 11. excitement; 12. imagination; 1 . equipment; 14. cruelty; 15. possibility; 16. permission.
упражнение 8
1. percentage; 2. withdrawal; . accuracy; 4. residence; 5. employers; 6. accusation; 7. anonymity; 8. representatives; 9. neighbourhood; 10. amusement; 11. membership; 12. wealth; 1 . signature.
упражнение 9
1.dismissal; 2. insufficiency; . occurrence; 4. tolerance; 5. liar;
6.complication; 7. chemist’s; 8. minority; 9. achievement; 10. forgiveness; 11. partnership; 12. closure.
упражнение 10
1.fluent; 2. wise; . offended; 4. intellectual; 5. reluctant; 6. invest;
7.disposed; 8. profession; 9. simply; 10. retire; 11. carefully; 12. hard; 1 . fails.
упражнение 11
familiar |
propeller |
disaster |
hunger |
superior |
particular |
refrigerator |
foreigner |
inferior |
similar |
escalator |
anchor |
peculiar |
collar |
equator |
vinegar |
caterpillar |
factor |
calendar |
burglar |
упражнение 12
1. professor, editor; 2. writer, minister, solicitor; . beggar, liar; 4. invaders, slaughter; 5. orator; 6. reporters, directors’; 7. governor, emperor; 8. observer; 9. doctor’s; 10. professor, instructor, actor, conductor; 11. junior, prior, senior.
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суффиксы прилагательных
–able, |
to eat – есть |
eatable – съедобный |
ible |
to convert – обращать |
convertible – обратимый |
–al |
center – центр |
central – центральный |
– ary |
revolution – революция |
revolutionary – революционный |
–ant, |
to insist – настаивать |
insistent – настойчивый |
–ent |
to resist – сопротивляться |
resistant – сопротивляющийся |
–ate |
affection – |
affectionate –любящий |
–ful |
fruit – плод |
fruitful – плодотворный |
–ed |
interest – интерес |
interested – заинтересованный |
–en |
wool – шерсть |
woolen– шерстяной |
–ese |
China –Китай |
Chinese –китайский |
–ern |
North – Север |
northern –cеверный |
–ic(s) |
magnet–магнит |
magnetic – магнетический, |
|
|
притягательный |
–ing |
charm – очарование |
charming – очаровательный |
–ish |
Swede – швед |
Swedish – шведский |
|
red– красный |
reddish – красноватый |
–ive |
to act– действовать |
active – деятельный |
–less |
fruit – плод |
fruitless – бесплодный |
–ly |
week – неделя |
weekly – еженедельный |
–ous |
danger – опасность |
dangerous – опасный |
–y |
cloud – облако |
cloudy – облачный |
ward |
back – задняя/обратная |
backward – задний, обратный |
|
часть |
|
–able, –ible употребляются для образования прилагательных от глаголов и существительных
Прилагательные, образованные от глаголов, означают непосредственное воздействие процессов, описываемых соответствующими глаголами.
Всловах,оканчивающихсянабуквуе,придобавлениисуффикса –able окончание ‘е’ опускается, за исключением случаев, когда ему предшествуют согласные ‘с’ и ‘g’. При добавлении суффикса –able окончание ‘у’ после согласных заменяется на ‘I’. Окончание ‘ate’ полностью заменяется суффиксом –able.
–able |
acceptable – приемлемый |
to accept – принимать |
|
to admire – восхищаться |
admirable – восхитительный |
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to adore – обожать to advise – советовать to bear – терпеть
to consider –рассматривать to desire – желать
to drink – пить
to enjoy – получать удовольствие
to forgive – прощать
to irritate – раздражать to manage – выполнять to notice – упоминать to observe – наблюдать
to predict – предсказывать to profit – извлекать пользу to recognize – узнавать to rely – полагаться
to remark – замечать to replace – заменять to respect – уважать to suit – подходить to tolerate – терпеть
to understand – понимать to vary – изменять
to wash – мыть
adorable – обожаемый advisable – рекомендуемый bearable – терпимый considerable –значительный desirable – желательный drinkable – питьевой enjoyable– приятный, доставляющий удовольствие forgivable – простительный irritable – несдержанный manageable – выполнимый noticeable – заметный observable – который можно наблюдать (а не наблюдаемый) predictable – предсказуемый profitable – выгодный recognizable – распознаваемый reliable – надежный remarkable – замечательный replaceable – заменимый respectable – представительный suitable – подходящий tolerable – терпимый understandable – понятный variable – изменчивый washable – устойчивый
при стирке
При образовании от существительного –able; –ible выражает наличие признака, свойства или качества, выраженного основой.
amicability – дружелюбие |
amicable – дружеский |
avail – быть полезным |
available – доступный, |
|
имеющийся в распоряжении |
comfort – успокоение |
comfortable – удобный |
capability – способность |
capable – способный |
fashion – мода |
fashionable – модный |
favour – благосклонность |
favourable – благоприятный |
habit – привычка |
habitable – привычный |
honour – слава, почет |
honourable – достойный |
hospital – больница |
hospitable – гостеприимный |
knowledge – знание |
knowledgeable – умный, |
|
знающий |
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