Английский язык. Система подготовки студентов факультета психологии и социальной работы к сдаче Федерального интернет-экзамена в сфере профессионально

МОСКОВСКИЙ ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Кафедра иностранных языков

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Система подготовки студентов факультета психологии

исоциальной работы к сдаче Федерального интернет-экзамена

всфере профессионального образования

Учебно-методическое пособие

Авторы-составители И. С. Захарова, С. Е. Старостин

Издательство Московского гуманитарного университета 2015

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ТЕКСТЫ

The education of children with learning disabilities

1.A learning disability is a mental problem that children may have from birth, or that may be caused by illness or injury, that affects their ability to read, write, or calculate. Though its causes and nature are still not fully understood, it is widely agreed that the presence of a learning disability does not indicate subnormal intelligence. Rather it is thought that the learning-disabled have a neurologically based difficulty in processing language or figures.

2.Learning disabilities may be diagnosed through testing, and children may be enrolled in programmes offering special help. Left unrecognized, learning disabilities may result not only in poor classroom performance but also in low self-esteem and disruptive behaviour. Normal intelligence, low self-esteem and disruptive behaviour indicate that a learning disability is not only a mental problem but also a social problem.

3.A child’s disruptive behaviour or low self-esteem can be cured not only by personal psychiatrists but also by proper social environments in the class created by the teacher. Neurology as the scientific study of nerves and their diseases in addition to social adjustments are to help the learning-disabled to overcome their learning disabilities. Children with learning disabilities require highly specialized techniques, usually on an individual basis.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Children with learning disabilities cannot be considered ignorant.

All children with learning disabilities are taught at specialized schools.

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Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

A learning disability can become a serious mental and social problem …

but fortunately not in all cases

through wrong social environments

unless it is left unrevealed

if it isn’t an inborn disorder

Ответьте на вопрос.

How is it possible to determine a child with a learning disability?

Testing is a good means of diagnosing the learning-disabled.

Such children require highly specialized individual approaches.

Low self-esteem and disruptive behaviour are their main features.

The learning-disabled aren’t the children with subnormal intelligence.

Определите основную идею текста.

As a learning disability is a mental and social problem it should be diagnosed and treated both by personal psychiatrists and teachers.

Although a learning disability doesn’t indicate subnormal intelligence it affects children’s ability to read, write, or calculate unless it is recognized.

The learning-disabled are mentally retarded people requiring special attention from teachers and doctors because of their disruptive behaviour.

Neurology as the scientific study of nerves and their diseases in addition to social adjustments are to help the learning-disabled.

The education of maladjusted children

1.Maladjusted children are those who are unable to form good relationships with other children because of problems in their character and behaviour. Socially and emotionally maladjusted children are referred for special programmes by parents or by teachers when they find it difficult to manage the child at home or in school.

2.Autistic children make a separate part of maladjusted children. Autism is a severe mental illness that affects children and prevents them from communicating with other children or people. Psychiatrists together with social workers and teachers, determine

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the eligibility of maladjusted and autistic children for special programmes. Children with learning disabilities are assessed by psychoeducational diagnosticians, who through educational and psychological diagnostic tests determine the child’s potential for learning and his level of achievement.

3. Psychotherapy and behaviour modification by psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers are generally a part of mental illness, for example depression, by talking to maladjusted children and discussing their problems rather than using drugs or medical treatment. Behaviour modification means the control of behaviour in which desired behaviours are rewarded, and vice versa, undesirable ones are punished. Behaviour modification helps teachers shape individual behaviour toward some desired effect and control behaviour in classrooms.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

All maladjusted children need special therapeutic services in order to avoid their difficulties in communication.

Maladjusted children suffer severely from being badly treated because of their low intelligence level.

As a rule parents are able to manage with maladjusted children in contrast to teachers or some social workers.

Though maladjustment is considered to be a serious mental disorder in some cases it can be corrected by talking.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Children with poor communicative skills as a result of their severe mental disease are …

children with learning disabilities

disabled children

maladjusted children

autistic children

Ответьте на вопрос.

What psychological technique can be used by teachers in classroom environments for students’ behaviour correction?

Psychoeducational tests can determine the child’s potential for learning and his level of academic and intellectual accomplishment.

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Teachers can use behaviour modification to form the required behaviour type toward some desired effect and to control behaviour in classrooms.

Talking to maladjusted children and discussing their problems are sometimes more effective than using drugs or medical treatment.

Maladjusted children are referred for special programmes by parents or by teachers when they find it difficult to manage the child at home or in school.

Определите основную идею текста.

As maladjustment is a mental illness maladjusted children are to be paid special attention to by psychologists, psychiatrists and teachers to help them with their studies and social adjustment.

Maladjusted children represent a great problem for parents, psychologists, psychiatrists and teachers as they are difficult to deal with and their behaviour is practically uncontrollable.

There are different types of maladjusted children, autistic children being a separate part of them due to autism is a severe mental disease preventing children from communication.

Psychologists, psychiatrists and teachers facilitate maladjusted children’s learning skills and academic progress level by applying educational and psychological diagnostic tests.

School psychology

1. School psychologists deal largely with psychological testing and student consultation in elementary and secondary schools. Psychological testing is the systematic use of tests to quantify psychological behaviour, abilities, and problems and to make predictions about psychological performance. Tests fall into three general categories.

2. An aptitude test is to measure one’s level of intelligence. An intelligence quotient (IQ) test is a good example of this type. By measuring an individual’s IQ, the test-giver hopes to predict the subject’s future ability to learn and reason. A second category is the achievement test, which assesses the subject’s present level of academic or intellectual accomplishment. Tests of personality form the third general category. A personality test is to reveal a person’s moods,

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attitudes, opinions, motivations, and style of thinking, speaking and acting. Personality tests are used by mental health clinics and psychiatric to help diagnose mental disorders.

3. Counselling is the process of helping a student discover and develop his educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities and thereby to achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social usefulness. The counsellor’s goal is generally to orient the student toward opportunities that can best guarantee fulfillment of his personal needs and aspirations. The counsellor usually attempts to clarify the student’s own thinking rather than to solve his problems.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

IQ tests can measure students’ level of intelligence and identify accurately their abilities to different subjects.

While counselling school psychologists test their subjects’ way of thinking and make their outlook wider.

Any psychological test can define students’ abilities and potentialities and discover their mental disorders if there are any.

Counselling helps students to overcome their problems affecting their thinking and discovering their potentialities.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Psychologists measure students’ progress level by …

an aptitude test

a personality test

counselling

an achievement test

Ответьте на вопрос.

How can a student get advice promoting his successful social life?

By means of a personality test a student gets the idea of the right social behaviour.

Counselling helps students solve problems connected with their social adaptation.

In the process of counselling a student is advised how enjoy life communicating with people.

Psychological testing is aimed at predicting students’ future psychological performance.

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Определите основную идею текста.

School psychology promotes students’ academic progress, social behaviour and personal happiness testing, discovering and developing their educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities.

Nowadays there are three types of psychological tests applied by school psychology which can identify students’ abilities and potentialities, their level of academic accomplishment and even diagnose mental disorders.

Psychological testing using tests to quantify students’ psychological behaviour, abilities, and problems, counselling is quite a different means of psychological influence on students’ attainment.

School psychology is a very useful science as it helps students to overcome various psychological barriers and develop their inner world in order to facilitate their future life in a society.

Cognitive psychology

1.Cognitive psychology is a discipline within psychology that investigates the internal mental processes of thought such as visual processing, memory, problem solving, and language. The school of thought arising from this approach is known as cognitivism which is interested in how people mentally represent information processing.

2.Cognitive psychologists use psychophysical and experimental approaches to understand, diagnose, and solve problems, concerning themselves with the mental processes which mediate between stimulus and response.

3.Cognitive science differs from cognitive psychology in that algorithms that are intended to stimulate human behaviour are implemented or implementable on a computer. In other instances, solutions may be found through insight, a sudden awareness of relationships.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Укажите не менее двух вариантов ответа.

From cognitive science perspective it’s possible to work out algorithms for stimulation human behaviour using a computer.

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Cognitive science is based on theoretical study of human’s processes of understanding, analyzing and problem solving.

Cognitive psychology researches the mental processes which take place when humans communicate.

Unlike cognitive psychology, cognitive science uses more advanced methods of stimulation human behaviour.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Укажите не менее двух вариантов ответа.

Cognitive psychology doesn’t only study the essence of internal mental processes of thought …

but also investigates their influence on human communicative

skills

such as visual processing, memory, problem solving, and language

but also tries to represent them as algorithms by means of a computer

but also is interested in how people mentally represent information processing

Ответьте на вопрос.

What is the investigation of cognitive scientists focused on?

They study the possibilities of computer technology applications while investigating human mental processes.

They are interested in the role of information processing in areas ranging from decision making and problem solving, to name but a few.

They use computer science to analyse the algorithms of human behaviour.

They hesitate about the application of a computer in working out the algorithms that are intended to stimulate human’s behaviour.

Определите основную идею текста.

Cognitive psychology nowadays prefers computer technologies to analyse people’s mental processes.

Cognitive psychology tries to influence people’s behaviour through the analysis of their mental processes.

Cognitive psychology challenges the idea of knowledge of human internal mental processes.

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