Английский язык. Система подготовки студентов факультета психологии и социальной работы к сдаче Федерального интернет-экзамена в сфере профессионально
.pdfCognitivepsychologyisatheoreticalstudyofpeople’sinformation processing, while cognitive science uses computer technologies to investigate human’s behaviour.
The role of play at the lesson
1.Children grow, learn and even investigate the world through play. Play is the basis for discovery, reasoning and thinking. When children are given the freedom to experiment, to make mistakes and then to learn from these mistakes, they are developing skills that will stay with them for life.
2.Children do not differentiate between play, learning and work. Children are playful by nature. They love to play because play is an activity in which any child is open to express his points of view, ideas and thoughts.
3.It is important to notice that games are necessary not just for junior pupils; in senior forms the elements of play must be included into the educating process. So games vary accordingly to the age of children.
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Play allows children to express their points of view, ideas, and thoughts more freely.
Play is primarily important for small children.
Through play children get necessary living and academic experience.
Children learn their environment easier in the process of the play.
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Play influences children’s further life as …
while playing children acquire and develop useful skills that are in use all their life
it promotes them to realize the right behaviour
it is a trouble-free way of developing skills that will stay with them for life
role-play develops common behaviour patterns peculiar to adults
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Ответьте на вопрос.
Why is it possible to cultivate children’s skills through play?
Through play children acquire knowledge much better as play is the basis for their discovery, reasoning and thinking.
Feeling relaxed and being not afraid of making mistakes is the way of effective children’s skills development.
While play children allow to be directed by teachers developing their skills.
While play children share their opinions and ideas without difficulty.
Определите основную идею текста.
Play is the kind of educational activity which should be practiced at any school age but being of different forms.
Children choose play as their favourite activity because it is the most common and easy way of their self-expression and experience acquisition.
Play is the only way for children of any age and background to explore their environments as they can make mistakes without being afraid of being punished for this.
Play promotes the acquisition of necessary experience and skills by children setting them free to express their ideas and points of view and learn from their own mistakes.
Teaching
1.Good teaching is not a matter of techniques or methods, for, as curriculum as not education, so method is not teaching. Research indicates that good teachers cannot be differentiated on the basis of “teaching methods”. The method is inseparable from the person of the teacher; in fact, the person of the teacher is more important than the method.
2.The good teacher is not an instructor, who simply provides information, facts and knowledge but a facilitator of learning for the student. Good teachers are not those who are simply experts in subject matter, or experts in teaching methods, or curriculum experts, or who utilize the most resources, such as audiovisual aids.
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3. The best teacher is one who, through establishing a personal relationship, frees the student to learn. Learning can only take place if the student and the teacher can create the conditions for learning. The atmosphere created by a good interpersonal relationship is the major condition for learning.
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Learning depends on good interpersonal relationship of a teacher with his students.
Undoubtedly the choice of good teaching methods determines good teaching.
Good interpersonal relationship of a teacher with his students positively influences the students’ learning.
A teacher should be a facilitator of knowledge through utilizing audiovisual aids.
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A good teacher is a facilitator of knowledge …
because it is just to him to teach the students properly according to the curriculum
as he is not the one who perfectly knows his subject matter, teaching methods or his curriculum
for his students through establishing good interpersonal relationship with them
as he is able to create such atmosphere where his knowledge would be easily acquired by the learners
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Why does the person of a teacher prevail over the teaching methods?
Research indicates that good teachers cannot be differentiated on the basis of “teaching methods”.
Methods are less important as they are not teaching.
Good teachers are not those who are simply experts in teaching methods.
It is the teacher who is able to create the conditions for learning through establishing good interpersonal relationships.
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Определите основную идею текста.
Good teaching should take into consideration teaching methods as well as the personality of a teacher.
A good teacher tries to use such teaching methods that would promote his students’ learning.
Establishing good interpersonal relationships with his students a teacher promotes their learning.
Good teachers are those who do their best to establish good interpersonal relationships with his students.
Psychology
1.Psychology is a discipline that involves the scientific study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring underlying physiological and neurological processes.
2.Psychologists study such topics as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Some, especially depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind. Experimental psychologists try to determine causal and correlational relationships between psychological variables.
3.Psychological knowledge is applied to various spheres of human activity,includingthefamily,education,employment,andthetreatment of mental health problems, as well as wider historical dimensions such as the attainment of greatness in fields such as politics, music, art, and literature. Psychology includes many diverse sub-fields, such as developmental psychology, sport psychology, health psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, media psychology, legal psychology, and forensic psychology.
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The task of a psychologist is to investigate mental functions and behaviors of people and animals.
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A psychologist studies human needs and values.
A psychologist studies social problems and ways of solving them.
A psychologist studies human or animal brain activity and behavior.
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Psychological data are used in various fields of.....
animal life
human life activity
animal behavior
human activity
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What branches can psychology be subdivided into?
It can be subdivided into cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior.
It can be subdivided into developmental psychology, health psychology, industrial psychology and other branches.
It can be subdivided into causal and correlational relationships between psychological variables.
It can be subdivided into historical dimensions such as politics, music, art and literature.
Определите основную идею текста.
Psychology and its subdisciplines study the meaning and role of mental functions and behavior in different aspects of human activity.
Psychology and its subdisciplines study causal and correlational relationships between psychological variables.
Psychology and its subdisciplines study development, health and industry and organization, media, and legal system.
Psychology and its subdisciplines study perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships.
Education
1. Education has as one of its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation. It is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and
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learning while drawing on many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, sociology and anthropology.
2.The education of an individual human begins at birth and continues throughout life. Some believe that education begins even before birth, as evidenced by some parents’ playing music or reading to the baby in the womb in the hope it will influence the child’s development.
3.For some, the struggles and triumphs of daily life provide far more instruction than does formal schooling (thus Mark Twain’s admonition to “never let school interfere with your education”). Family members may have a profound educational effect – often more profound than they realize – though family teaching may function very informally.
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The process of education means a formal schooling only.
Nowadays education uses the knowledge of information technologies.
The process of education makes use of knowledge of many sciences.
The education of a child starts at school and continues throughout
life.
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Success and failure of everyday life can be considered …….
a good experience
a waste of time
a kind of education
sometimes even more instructive than education itself
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Why do some parents try to educate an unborn baby?
They believe that this can influence the character of the child.
They believe that this can educate a future genius.
They believe that this can make childbirth easy.
They believe that this can influence a child’s further development.
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Определите основную идею текста.
Education makes use of many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, sociology and anthropology.
Education can begin before birth, that’s why some parents play music or read to the baby in the womb in the hope it will influence the child’s development.
Education, whether it’s formal or family one, encompasses teaching and learning and the imparting of knowledge and culture from generation to generation.
Education is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning.
Family
1.The family, a basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage, has been present in all societies. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. The structure of the family and the needs that the family fulfills vary from society to society. The nuclear family – two adults and their children – is the main unit in some societies. In others, it is a subordinate part of an extended family, which also consists of grandparents and other relatives. A third family unit is the singleparent family, in which children live with an unmarried, divorced, or widowed mother or father.
2.Historical studies have shown that family structure has been less changed by urbanization and industrialization than was once supposed. The nuclear family was the most prevalent pre-industrial unit and is still the basic unit of social organization. The modern family differs from the earlier traditional forms, however, in its functions, composition, and life cycle and in the roles of husbands and wives.
3.The only function of the family that continues to survive all change is the provision of affection and emotional support by and to all its members, particularly infants and young children. Specialized institutions now perform many of the other functions that were once performed by the agrarian family: economic production, education, religion, and recreation. Jobs are usually separate from the family group;
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family members often work in different occupations and in locations away from the home. Education is provided by the state or by private groups. The family is still responsible for the socialization of children.
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The nuclear family consists of two adults, their children and other relatives.
One of the main functions of the modern family is to provide children with education.
As to the structure of the family, there are three different family units in the society.
The modern family has the same functions as earlier traditional forms.
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The main unit of social organization is associated with the ….
single-parent family
agrarian family
nuclear family
family consisting of many relatives
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What function of the family is the most important?
The most important function of the family, as historical studies have shown, is to be the basic unit of social organization.
The most important function of the family is to perform economic production, education, religion and recreation.
The most important function of the family is to provide its members with affection and emotional support.
The most important function of the family is to provide its members with education, work, recreation and socialization.
Определите основную идею текста.
Earlier traditional families usually performed many of the functions which are now performed by specialized institutions, such as education, religion, recreation, etc.
In all societies the family as a basic social group must pay particular attention to the emotional support of infants and young children and their socialization.
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The functions of the family, its composition, structure, life cycle and the roles of husbands and wives have been thoroughly studied in all societies.
All societies have regarded that family as a basic unit of social organization to provide its members with a protection, companionship, security, and socialization.
Training in britain
1.Not all British students study full time at university or college. Many people combine their studies with work. Some companies release their staff for training one or two days a week or two month a year. Large companies often have their own in-house training schemes.
2.The British government is very enthusiastic about such training schemes, in particular because so few people go to university. Only 25 per cent of the student population goes on to higher education.
3.If you unemployed, there are two forms of training schemes: employment training for people who have been out of work for a long time and Youth Training Schemes for school-leavers who cannot find a job.
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Many British companies prohibit their employees to train for one more higher education.
Some companies provide their staff with on-the-job training.
Higher education is not popular with young people in Britain as it’s difficult for them to find a job afterwards.
Not all employers approve of their staff training.
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To provide British people with training …
some employers are forced to do it by the government
is unacceptable for some companies
is more preferable for unemployed people
different training schemes for employees and unemployed are used
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Ответьте на вопрос.
Why is training promoted by the British government today?
The British government is worried about the fact that very few young people today goes on to higher education.
Today different training schemes are available in Britain.
British government tries to eliminate unemployment among.
British government wants their employees to be equally academically advanced.
Определите основную идею текста.
Many people have to combine their studies with work because they are forced to do it by their employers.
For unemployed people there are more training schemes in Britain.
The British government is worried about the fact that only 25 per cent of the student population goes on to higher education.
The British government takes a great care of providing British people with training on different bases.
Linguistics
1.Linguistics investigates the cognitive and social aspects of human language. The field is divided into areas that focus on aspects of the linguistic signal, such as syntax, semantics, morphology, phonetics and phonology; however, work in areas like evolutionary linguistics and psycholinguistics cut across these divisions.
2.The majority of modern research in linguistics takes a predominantly synchronic perspective (focusing on language at a particular point in time), and a great deal of it aims at formulating theories of the cognitive processing of language. However, language does not exist in a vacuum, or only in the brain, and approaches like contact linguistics, creole studies, discourse analysis, social interactional linguistics, and sociolinguistics explore language in its social context.
3.Sociolinguistics often makes use of traditional quantitative analysis and statistics in investigating the frequency of features, while some disciplines, like contact linguistics, focus on qualitative analysis. Ferdinand Saussure is considered the father of modern linguistics.
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