Английский язык. Система подготовки студентов факультета культуры и искусства к сдаче Федерального интернет-экзамена в сфере профессионального образов

МОСКОВСКИЙ ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Кафедра иностранных языков

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Система подготовки студентов факультета культуры

иискусства к сдаче Федерального интернет-экзамена

всфере профессионального образования

Учебно-методическое пособие

Авторы-составители И. С. Захарова, О. Н. Мальцева

Издательство Московского гуманитарного университета 2015

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ТЕКСТЫ

PSYCHOLOGY

1.Psychology is a discipline that involves the scientific study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring underlying physiological and neurological processes.

2.Psychologists study such topics as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Some, especially depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind. Experimental psychologists try to determine causal and correlational relationships between psychological variables.

3.Psychological knowledge is applied to various spheres of human activity,includingthefamily,education,employment,andthetreatment of mental health problems, as well as wider historical dimensions such as the attainment of greatness in fields such as politics, music, art, and literature. Psychology includes many diverse sub-fields, such as developmental psychology, sport psychology, health psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, media psychology, legal psychology, and forensic psychology.

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The task of a psychologist is to investigate mental functions and behaviors of people and animals.

A psychologist studies human needs and values.

A psychologist studies social problems and ways of solving them.

A psychologist studies human or animal brain activity and behavior.

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Psychological data are used in various fields of .....

animal lifehuman life activityanimal behaviorhuman activity

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What branches can psychology be subdivided into?

It can be subdivided into cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior.

It can be subdivided into developmental psychology, health psychology, industrial psychology and other branches.

It can be subdivided into causal and correlational relationships between psychological variables.

It can be subdivided into historical dimensions such as politics, music, art and literature.

Определите основную идею текста.

Psychology and its subdisciplines study the meaning and role of mental functions and behavior in different aspects of human activity.

Psychology and its subdisciplines study causal and correlational relationships between psychological variables.

Psychology and its subdisciplines study development, health and industry and organization, media, and legal system.

Psychology and its subdisciplines study perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships.

GEOGRAPHY

1. Geography as a discipline can be split broadly into two main subfields:humangeographyandphysicalgeography.Theformerfocuses largely on the built environment and how space is created, viewed and managed by humans as well as the influence humans have on the space they occupy. The latter examines the natural environment and how the

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climate, vegetation and life, soil, water and landforms are produced and interact. As a result of the two subfields using different approaches a third field has emerged, which is environmental geography.

2.Geographers attempt to understand the Earth in terms of physical and spatial relationships. The first geographers focused on the science of mapmaking and finding ways to precisely project and the surface of the Earth. In this sense, geography bridges some gaps between the natural sciences and social sciences. Historical geography is often taught in a college in a unified Department of Geography.

3.Modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline, closely related to GISc, that seeks to understand humanity and its natural environment. Practitioners of geography use many technologies and methods to collect data such as GIS, remote sensing, aerial photography, statistics, and global positioning systems (GPS).

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The first geographers’ task was to discover new lands.

The first geographers were looking for the ways of the Earth’s surface precise projection.

The first geographers’ task was cartography.

The first geographers’ task was to instruct navigators.

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Physical geography studies ……the mapmaking

global positioning systems

the interaction of natural phenomenathe origin of natural resources

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What are the sources of environmental geography?They are human geography and physical geography.They are historical geography and modern geography.They are physical geography and modern geography.They are human geography and modern geography.

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Определите основную идею текста.

Geography uses new technologies and methods to collect data.Geography is the source of natural sciences and social sciences.Geography and its fields study both natural and social aspects of

the world.

Geography attempts to understand the Earth in terms of physical and spatial relationships.

EDUCATION

1.Education has as one of its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation. It is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning while drawing on many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, sociology and anthropology.

2.The education of an individual human begins at birth and continues throughout life. Some believe that education begins even before birth, as evidenced by some parents’ playing music or reading to the baby in the womb in the hope it will influence the child’s development.

3.For some, the struggles and triumphs of daily life provide far more instruction than does formal schooling (thus Mark Twain’s admonition to “never let school interfere with your education”). Family members may have a profound educational effect — often more profound than they realize — though family teaching may function very informally.

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The process of education means a formal schooling only.Nowadays education uses the knowledge of information

technologies.

The process of education makes use of knowledge of many sciences.

The education of a child starts at school and continues throughout life.

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Success and failure of everyday life can be considered …..a good experience

a waste of timea kind of education

sometimes even more instructive than education itself

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Why do some parents try to educate an unborn baby?

They believe that this can influence the character of the child.They believe that this can educate a future genius.

They believe that this can make childbirth easy.

They believe that this can influence a child’s further development.

Определите основную идею текста.

Education makes use of many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, sociology and anthropology.

Education can begin before birth, that’s why some parents play music or read to the baby in the womb in the hope it will influence the child’s development.

Education, whether it’s formal or family one, encompasses teaching and learning and the imparting of knowledge and culture from generation to generation.

Education is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning.

FAMILY

1. The family, a basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage, has been present in all societies. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. The structure of the family and the needs that the family fulfills vary from society to society. The nuclear family — two adults and their children — is the main unit in some societies. In others, it is a subordinate part of an extended family, which also consists of

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grandparents and other relatives. A third family unit is the singleparent family, in which children live with an unmarried, divorced, or widowed mother or father.

2.Historical studies have shown that family structure has been less changed by urbanization and industrialization than was once supposed. The nuclear family was the most prevalent pre-industrial unit and is still the basic unit of social organization. The modern family differs from the earlier traditional forms, however, in its functions, composition, and life cycle and in the roles of husbands and wives.

3.The only function of the family that continues to survive all change is the provision of affection and emotional support by and to all its members, particularly infants and young children. Specialized institutions now perform many of the other functions that were once performed by the agrarian family: economic production, education, religion, and recreation. Jobs are usually separate from the family group; family members often work in different occupations and in locations away from the home. Education is provided by the state or by private groups. The family is still responsible for the socialization of children.

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The nuclear family consists of two adults, their children and other relatives.

One of the main functions of the modern family is to provide children with education.

As to the structure of the family, there are three different family units in the society.

The modern family has the same functions as earlier traditional forms.

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The main unit of social organization is associated with the …..single-parent family

agrarian familynuclear family

family consisting of many relatives

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Ответьте на вопрос.

What function of the family is the most important?

The most important function of the family, as historical studies have shown, is to be the basic unit of social organization.

The most important function of the family is to perform economic production, education, religion and recreation.

The most important function of the family is to provide its members with affection and emotional support.

The most important function of the family is to provide its members with education, work, recreation and socialization.

Определите основную идею текста.

Earlier traditional families usually performed many of the functions which are now performed by specialized institutions, such as education, religion, recreation, etc.

In all societies the family as a basic social group must pay particular attention to the emotional support of infants and young children and their socialization.

The functions of the family, its composition, structure, life cycle and the roles of husbands and wives have been thoroughly studied in all societies.

All societies have regarded that family as a basic unit of social organization to provide its members with a protection, companionship, security, and socialization.

LANDMARK INVENTIONS OF THE MILLENNIUM

1. The last 1,000 years have produced and incredible number and variety of scientific and technological breakthroughs — but which of there were the most important? Narrowing a list of thousands of inventions made since the year 1000 to the ten greatest requires some exact criteria. The qualifying inventions either provided radically new ways to do an important job, or they made possible tasks that were previously unimagined. Their impact was felt, if not right away, then eventually, by a large portion of humanity. These developments have made possible significant new technological innovations and scientific discoveries. And finally, they have had an enduring effect on the world.

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