Английский язык. Система подготовки студентов факультета культуры и искусства к сдаче Федерального интернет-экзамена в сфере профессионального образов

2.The inventions that met these criteria, in chronological order, are the compass, the mechanical clock, the glass lens, the steam engine, the telegraph, electric power, wireless communications, antibiotics, and the transistor. Missing from this list are many extremely significant technological advances, including the airplane, telephone, automobile, and computer. In many cases these inventions were omitted because they are based on earlier developments or breakthroughs.

3.In considering the ten most significant inventions of the past 1,000 years, a subtle distinction must be made: the difference between “invention” and“discovery”isnotasclearasonemightthink.Adiscoverycanbeassimple astheobservationofapreviouslyunnoticedphenomenon,whileaninvention is a human-devised machine, tool, or apparatus that did not previously exist.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

A human-devised machine, tool or apparatus that did not previously exist can be qualified as a discovery.

There are ten inventions which are considered to be the most significant ones of the millennium.

A lot of scientific or technological breakthroughs met the required criteria of the landmark inventions.

The airplane and computer are included into the list of the most important inventions of the millennium.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

One of the qualifying criteria of a landmark invention is that it ….

is a simple observation of a previously unnoticed phenomenonis an invention of the past 1,000 years

makes possible significant innovations and discoveriesis based on earlier developments or breakthroughs

Ответьте на вопрос.

Which of the inventions: the airplane, the steam engine, automobile, computer — was included into the list of the most important inventions of the millennium?

The steam engine was.Computer was.The airplane was.Automobile was.

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Определите основную идею текста.

Landmark inventions are those which make possible tasks that were previously unimagined, and which have a lasting effect on the world.

A great number and variety of significant scientific and technological breakthroughs were made in the world during the last 1,000 years.

Considering the difference between “invention” and “discovery” is very important in the designation of the most significant inventions.

The ten greatest inventions made since the year 1000 are undoubtedly the inventions that had a great effect on humanity.

TRAINING IN BRITAIN

1.Not all British students study full time at university or college. Many people combine their studies with work. Some companies release their staff for training one or two days a week or two month a year. Large companies often have their own in-house training schemes.

2.The British government is very enthusiastic about such training schemes, in particular because so few people go to university. Only 25 per cent of the student population goes on to higher education.

3.If you unemployed, there are two forms of training schemes: employment training for people who have been out of work for a long time and Youth Training Schemes for school-leavers who cannot find a job.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Many British companies prohibit their employees to train for one more higher education.

Some companies provide their staff with on-the-job training. Higher education is not popular with young people in Britain as it’s

difficult for them to find a job afterwards.

Not all employers approve of their staff training.

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Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

To provide British people with training ….

some employers are forced to do it by the government

is unacceptable for some companies

is more preferable for unemployed people

different training schemes for employees and unemployed are used

Ответьте на вопрос.

Why is training promoted by the British government today?The British government is worried about the fact that very few

young people today goes on to higher education.

Today different training schemes are available in Britain.British government tries to eliminate unemployment among.British government wants their employees to be equally

academically advanced.

Определите основную идею текста.

Many people have to combine their studies with work because they are forced to do it by their employers.

For unemployed people there are more training schemes in Britain.

The British government is worried about the fact that only 25 per cent of the student population goes on to higher education.

The British government takes a great care of providing British people with training on different bases.

on aspects of the linguistic signal, such as syntax, semantics, morphology, phonetics and phonology; however, work in areas like evolutionary linguistics and psycholinguistics cut across these divisions.

2. The majority of modern research in linguistics takes a predominantly synchronic perspective (focusing on language at a particular point in time), and a great deal of it aims at formulating

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theories of the cognitive processing of language. However, language does not exist in a vacuum, or only in the brain, and approaches like contact linguistics, creole studies, discourse analysis, social interactional linguistics, and sociolinguistics explore language in its social context.

3. Sociolinguistics often makes use of traditional quantitative analysis and statistics in investigating the frequency of features, while some disciplines, like contact linguistics, focus on qualitative analysis. Ferdinand Saussure is considered the father of modern linguistics.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Ferdinand Saussure is a contact linguist.Sociolinguists often use statistics data.Sociolinguistics and contact linguistics are the same.Sociolinguists often use qualitative analysis.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Ferdinand Saussure is ….

a founder of a synchronic perspectivea creator of human languages

a founder of modern linguisticsa creator of statistics

Ответьте на вопрос.

What linguistic discipline makes use of qualitative analysis?Evolutionary linguistics does.

Sociolinguistics does.Contact linguistics does.Discourse analysis does.

Определите основную идею текста.

Linguistics studies different aspects of human languages in cognitive and social contexts.

Linguistics studies aspects of the linguistic signal, such as syntax, semantics, morphology, etc.

Linguistics studies creole languages, discourse analysis, quantitative analysis and statistics.

Linguistics studies human languages at a particular point in time.

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FASHION

1.The concept of fashion implies a process of style change, because fashions in dress, as well as in furniture and other objects, have taken very different forms at different times in history. Most people follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much more than the haute couture, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish between basic clothing, such as blue jeans, parkas and T-shirts, and the latest trendy fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. It has been influenced by wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. Royalty and heads of states have set fashion, and in the 20th century media stars have emerged as leaders of fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing to read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived.

2.Fashion also has its critics, who have at times denounced fashion as irrational, frivolous, tyrannical, and immoral. Why should pink be in fashion one season and grey the next season? Why do people follow fashion like sheep when they have enough clothes already? A common accusation is that fashion designers accelerate fashion change to create new business. Yet no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it. The final decision about what to buy, or whether to buy anything at all, belongs to the consumer. Ultimately, fashions change because many people like new and different styles.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

Fashion is absolutely free from the influence of the society.Fashion is considered to refer mostly to the haute couture.Fashion is often criticized for its rapid change.

Most people think that fashion is frivolous and immoral.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Most people follow fashion because ….they like to wear blue jeans and T-shirtsthey prefer new and different styles

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they want to have the exclusive and expensive clothesthey want to have an impact on it

Ответьте на вопрос.

What is the main thing that determines new fashion success?The main thing that determines new fashion success is consumer’s

hesitation about what to buy.

The main thing that determines new fashion success is severe fashion critics’ position.

The main thing that determines new fashion success is people’s readiness to accept it.

The main thing that determines new fashion success is people’s reading fashion magazines.

Определите основную идею текста.

Most people take great interest in fashion and usually try to follow it.

Fashion is closely connected with the development of business.Fashion is a social phenomenon reflecting different aspects of

people’s life.

Fashion is popular as it helps people to break the monotony of their lives.

RENAISSANCE

1.Renaissance, literally “rebirth”, is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, traditionally held to have been characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.

2.The middle Ages was coined by scholars in the 15th century to designate the interval between the downfall of the classical world of

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Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they felt they were participating. Indeed, the notion of a long period of cultural darkness had been expressed by Petrarch even earlier. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12th century, caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance. These included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for the organization of spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, the breakup of the old feudal structures.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

The scholars and thinkers of the 15th century stated that they lived at the time of cultural decline and stagnation.

The long period of cultural darkness in European civilization is associated with Renaissance.

The Middle Ages is the period of the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce in Europe.

The Renaissance is the revival of European civilization at the beginning of the 15th century.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

The period of Renaissance is remarkable for the great achievements in geography, such as the ….

rediscovery of the classical world of Greece and Romediscovery and exploration of new continentsinvention of paper and gunpowder

revival of classical learning and wisdom

Ответьте на вопрос.

What period in history is called the Middle Ages?

The period of time characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values, the development of national languages is called the Middle Ages.

The period of time between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of the 15th century is called the Middle Ages.

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The period of time when the Copernican system of astronomy was substituted for the Ptolemaic system, and many important discoveries were made is called the Middle Ages.

The period of time when the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire lost their influence over the organization of spiritual and material life is called the Middle Ages.

Определите основную идею текста.

Powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder were invented or applied in the Renaissance.

The Renaissance is the period of the culmination of great social, political and intellectual changes in the European civilization.

The Renaissance witnessed the increasing role of city-states and national monarchies and the breakup of the old feudal structures.

The Renaissance is characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values in European civilization.

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ЛЕКСИКА И СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Модуль: Профессиональная лексика

1. Critical thinking is the ability to ________ ideas that may seem obvious.

2. It is difficult for a person to communicate with people from other countries if he has ________ against them.

3. During Peter I’s ________ Russia won many glorious victories.

4. Depending on culture, gender, or context, the same body movement may ________ different messages.

5. Early man used to ________ the Sun and the Moon as his gods.

6. A system of beliefs that concentrates on human needs and seeks ways of solving human problems based on reason is ________.

7. The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others is ________.

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9. The process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies that provides the individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own society is ________.

Модуль: Учебная лексика

1. Not all British students study __________ at university or college as many of them combine their studies and work.

2. I would like to know what __________ taught are required in your country.

3. If you need to __________ teacher’s attention, just put your hand up.

4.I passed the exam, but I am still waiting to get my ___________.

a)education

b) certificate c) improvement d) qualification

5. At the end of program of instruction the teacher must __________ its results before moving to the next cycle of teaching events.

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