10. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода причастий (Приложение 2, табл. 6).

1. A robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move different tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions.

2. Positions and velocities are the usual state variables defining the state of a mechanical system.

3. The introduction of a reset action in the control system is achieved by parallel controllers using control laws based on triples instead of pairs of data.

4. The increase of the use of robots will have a favourable influence on working conditions, relieving the humans of heavy and/or repetitious tasks.

5. During normal operation, the controller will execute the point-to-point program, continuously monitoring the new values of the variables of motion of the end-effector.

6. The informal electronic net of a robot system has both analog and digital circuitry working in conjunction with sensory units, motor control and the main controller.

11. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Role of automatic supervision in manufacturing

Automatic supervision in manufacturing is a relatively new term, but the need for such supervision has been recognized since the very beginning of industrial manufacture. Supervision of production involves the study of all stochastic events (that is disturbances) which might influence the production process and its end product. The operators have always to supervise such things as the state of machine tools, the performance of manufacturing processes etc. Their aim is to ensure that the end products were obtained as quickly and cheaply as possible.

However, with the increasing of automation of production processes, more and more supervisory tasks require automatic monitoring. Complete automation of a production system requires a complete automatic supervisory system that monitors all the vital parameters, which vary during the operation.

The machine tool with a driving system has relieved people from the physical effort, but not from the mental activity and stress, connected with the manual control of a manufacturing process. Although the mental activity has been reduced by development in automatic control, even with an automatic control system, which covers the whole manufacturing cycle, it is necessary to have some personnel to monitor disturbances. Only a fully automatic supervisory system would enable the manufacturing equipment to operate without on-line human activity.

The need for full automation of production is a very important impetus for the research work into the development and application of automatic supervision in manufacturing systems, but not the only one. With the growing complexity of manufacturing equipment as well as increasing parameters of production processes people might not be able to react as quickly as it is necessary. In many cases automatic supervisory systems are essential.

12. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the aim of the supervision of manufacturing production?

2. What parameters have to be supervised during the manufacturing process?

3. Is it possible to monitor all the parameters of the manufacturing cycle by means of an automatic control system?

4. What kind of automatic control would ensure the operation of the equipment without on-line human activity?

13. Заполните пропуски нужным по смыслу предлогом: in, into – в; by + сущ. – творительный падеж (кем? чем?), с помощью; of + сущ. – родительный падеж (кого? чего?); to + сущ. – дательный падеж (кому? чему?), к; through – через; from – от.

1. Adaptability can be built …… the system …… the adaptive functions …… the control system.

2. …… the case of disturbances leading …… break-down (авария) the main supervisory function is to prevent failure (повреждение).

3. Break-downs are causes …… the class of disturbances that does not permit further operation …… the system.

4. The machine tool has relieved people …… physical effort but not …… mental activity.