КАФЕДРАЛЬНЫЙ
.pdfȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɨɛɭɜɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɤɢɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɧɚɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɧɚɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɭɜɟɧɢɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɭ ɯɚɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɢɬɤɨɜ
ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɭ ɯɚɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ
ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɭ ɯɚɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ
ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɭ ɯɚɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ± ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɮɢɝɭɪɧɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɧɢɢ ± ɤɨɧɶɤɨɛɟɠɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɪ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɰɢɪɤɨɜɵɟ ɲɨɭ ± ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɰɢɪɤɨɜɵɟ ɲɨɭ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ Ɉɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɢɝɪ ɢ ɞɪ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɰɢɪɤɨɜɵɟ ɲɨɭ ɲɨɭ ɬɚɧɰɟɜ ɧɚ ɥɶɞɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨ ɲɨɭ ɢ ɦɨɬɨ ɲɨɭ ɢ ɦɧ ɞɪ
ɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɢɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ ɢ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɹɸɳɟɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɨɝɨɬɢɩɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɚ ɮɥɚɝ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɷɦɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɚɥɢɫɦɚɧɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɤɭɛɤɢ ɦɟɞɚɥɢ ɜɵɦɩɟɥɵ ɠɟɬɨɧɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɢɡɺɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɮɥɚɝ ɥɨɝɨɬɢɩ ɝɢɦɧ ɞɟɜɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɨɝɨɬɢɩɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɤɭɛɤɢ ɦɟɞɚɥɢ ɜɵɦɩɟɥɵ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɵ ɠɟɬɨɧɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ
ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɢɦɹ ɢ ɨɬɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɦɹ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ
ɩɫɟɜɞɨɧɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɡɜɢɳɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɠɟɫɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɦɢɧɢ ɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɫ ɧɢɦ
ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɝɚɧ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɦ
ɚɜɬɨɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ±ɉɪɢɦ. ɚɜɬ.
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɬɨ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɦɢɞɠɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ± ɜ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɟ ɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɬɨɪɟɩɨɪɬɚɠɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ± ɜ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɟ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɬɨɪɟɩɨɪɬɚɠɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɵ ɜɢɞɟɨɪɨɥɢɤɢ ɢ ɮɨɧɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɫ ɡɚɩɢɫɹɦɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɤɨɦɢɤɫɵ ɢ ɞɪ
ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ± ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ± ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɨɛɭɜɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɤɢɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɧɚɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɧɚɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɹ ± ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɭɜɟɧɢɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɢɬɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ± ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɪɟɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɱ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ± ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɡɧɚɤɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯɭɫɥɭɝɜɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɨɛɭɜɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɤɢɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɧɚɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɧɚɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɹ ± ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɭɜɟɧɢɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɢɬɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ
ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ
ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɨɲɚɞɢɧɵɯ ɫɤɚɱɟɤ ɢ ɛɟɝɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɝɞɟ
ɥɨɲɚɞɢɧɵɟ ɫɤɚɱɤɢ ɢ ɛɟɝɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨ
ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɬɢɰ ± ɜ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɬɢɰ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɨɤɨɥɢɧɚɹ ɨɯɨɬɚ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɞɪ
ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɢɬɤɨɜ
ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ
ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ
ɮɨɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɜɢɞɟɨɚɭɞɢɨɢɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɜɟɳɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɹɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɨɟ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɛɟɡ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ ± ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɮɢɪ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɪɚɞɢɨ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɥɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɜɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɞɟɨɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɢɞɟɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɚɭɞɢɨɤɚɫɫɟɬɟ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɛɟɡ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ
ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɛɟɡ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ
ɮɨɬɨɪɟɩɨɪɬɚɠɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɭ ɯɚɭ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɝɪɚɯ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ
ɛɢɥɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɢɡɚɣɧ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɛɢɥɟɬɨɜ
ɤɭɩɨɧɵ ɢ ɛɢɥɟɬɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɯ ɞɢɡɚɣɧ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɭɩɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɥɟɬɨɜ
ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ
ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɱɺɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɩɨɪɬɚɠɟɣ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɩɨɪɬɚɩɨɜɢɞɭɫɩɨɪɬɚɢɥɢɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ± ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɭ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɛɚɡɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɛɚɡɵ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɛɚɡɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɨɩɢɧɝ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɨɱɟɪɺɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ
ɜɡɹɬɢɹ ɞɨɩɢɧɝ ɩɪɨɛ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɥɟ ɪɚɞɢɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɨɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɮɨɧɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
©ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɡɜɨɧª ©ɫɷɦɩɥª ɢ ɞɪ ɝɢɦɧ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɚɤ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɟɺ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɦɧ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɫɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɰɢɪɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɨɭ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɞ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɨɩɢɧɝ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɞɪ
ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ., Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɋɛ ɧɚɭɱ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɜɹɳ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɮ ɇ ȼ ȼɢɬɪɭɤɚ Ɉɬɜ ɪɟɞ Ɇ ȼ Ɇɚɪɯɝɟɣɦ ± Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞ ± ɫ ± ɋ ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤ Ƚɥɚɜɟ
Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢ"
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ"
Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ"
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ"
Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɦ
ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ"
ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ" Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ
Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɑɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ"
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ȽɅȺȼȺ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
(ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ.)
Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ± ɷɬɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ Ʌ ɋ Ȼɟɥɨɭɫɨɜ ɢ ȼ ȼ Ʉɭɞɪɹɜɰɟɜ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ©ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɰɟɥɢ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ± ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɰɟɥɶ ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ± ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ Ʌɸɞɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɢɥɢɣɞɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɰɟɥɢɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢª ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ ± ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɸɞɟɣ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤɚɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ɍɚɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ± ɷɬɨ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɜɫɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɰɟɥɢ ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɺ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
Ⱦɥɹɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨɫɦɵɫɥɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ©ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬª
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɠɟ ± ©ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
Ȼɟɥɨɭɫɨɜ Ʌ.ɋ., Ʉɭɞɪɹɜɰɟɜ ȼ.ȼ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ± Ɇ ɉɥɚɧɟɬɚ ± ɫ ± ɋ
%DVLF SUHPLVHV ± PHDQLQJ VFRSH DQG VLJQLILFDQFH RI 3XEOLF $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ KWWS ZZZ KVV UXK DF ON KRPHSDJHV OHFWXUHBQRWHV 6DEDUDJDPXZD /HFWXUHUV PRGXOH LQWURGXFWLRQ WR SXEOLF DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ UHY SGI! ± S ± 3
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɚ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɭɛɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɂ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɸ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ©ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢª ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ
ɉɨɞ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹª ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɸ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɇ Ⱥɪɚɛɚɞɠɢɣɫɤɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬª ɋɥɨɜɨ ©ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬª ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɤɢɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ ɫ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ ɂɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ± ɷɬɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɥɸɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɡɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ ȼ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɚ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɭɛɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɦɟɫɬɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɂ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɸ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟª ɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ©ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢª ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ
Ⱥɪɚɛɚɞɠɢɣɫɤɢ ɇ. Ⱦɴɟɪɠɚɜɧɨ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ± ɋɨɮɢɹ ± ɫ ± ɋ ±