КАФЕДРАЛЬНЫЙ

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ Ɏɪɷɧɤ Ʌɚɬɬɢғ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ OH[ PHUFDWRULD ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ɏɪɷɧɤɚ Ʌɚɬɬɢ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ

Ɏɪɷɧɤ Ʌɚɬɬɢ ɛɟɪɹ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɸ ȼ Ʌ Ⱦ ȼɢɥɤɢɧɫɨɧɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ OH[ VSRUWLYD ©ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɦ ɩɥɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɟɣª

©Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ± ɩɢɫɚɥ ɂ ɋ Ȼɟɪɞɧɢɤɨɜ ± ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɜɫɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ± ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɺɬ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɋɦ

ȿ ȼ ɉɨɝɨɫɹɧ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɤɚɤ ©ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ³ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ´ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɝɨ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜª ɫɫɵɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɝ Ʌɨɡɚɧɧɚ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɬɪɟɬɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɭɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɧɟɩɢɫɚɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ OH[ PHUFDWRULD ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɜ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɜɚɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɦɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɦ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɭ

Latty F. /D OH[ VSRUWLYD UHFKHUFKH VXU OH GURLW WUDQVQDWLRQDO >/H[ VSRUWLYD ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ@ 3UpIDFH GH-DFTXHV 5RJJH DYDQW SURSRV G¶$ODLQ 3HOOHW ± /HLGHQ 7KH 1HWKHUODQGV 0DUWLQXV 1LMKRII 3XEOLVKHUV ± ;;, S ± 3

Latty F. /D OH[ VSRUWLYD UHFKHUFKH VXU OH GURLW WUDQVQDWLRQDO >/H[ VSRUWLYD ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ@ 3UpIDFH GH-DFTXHV 5RJJH DYDQW SURSRV G¶$ODLQ 3HOOHW ± /HLGHQ 7KH 1HWKHUODQGV 0DUWLQXV 1LMKRII 3XEOLVKHUV ± ;;, S ± 3

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Ȼɟɪɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɂ.ɋ. ɄɪɚɬɤLɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɚɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɉɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɐɟɪɤɜɢ ɂɡɞ ɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɞɨɩ ± Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ Ɍɢɩɨ ɥɢɬ ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɚɝɨ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ± ɫ ± ɋ ,9

ɉɨɝɨɫɹɧ ȿ.ȼ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ± Ɇ ȼɨɥɬɟɪɫ Ʉɥɭɜɟɪ&$6$(.$WKHQV DQG 6ODYLD 3UDJXH Y 8()$5HHE +UVJ 'LJHVW RI &$6$ZDUGV ,, 6 ɐɢɬ ɩɨɉɨɝɨɫɹɧ ȿ.ȼ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ

ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ± Ɇ ȼɨɥɬɟɪɫ Ʉɥɭɜɟɪ

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

Ʉɚɤ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɀɟɪɚɥɶɞ ɋɢɦɨɧ ©ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɢɫɫɢɢ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɧɨɪɦ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɗɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ OH[ VSRUWLYDª

Ʉɚɤ ɩɢɲɭɬ Ɏɪɟɞɟɪɢɤ Ȼɸɣ ɀɚɧ Ɇɢɲɟɥɶ Ɇɚɪɦɷɣɭ Ⱦɢɞɶɟ ɉɨɪɚɤɤɶɹ ɢ

Ɏɚɛɪɢɫ Ɋɢɰɰɨ ©ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ OH[ PHUFDWRULD OH[ VSRUWLYD ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɧɚ ɭɛɟɠɞɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɬɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɭɛɟɠɞɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ³ɫɜɟɪɯɭ´ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ± ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜª

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɚɜɬɨɪɵɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɎɪɷɧɤɅɚɬɬɢɜɨɨɛɳɟɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨª ɢ ©OH[ VSRUWLYDª ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɤɚɤ ©ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɭɞɪɵɣ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɥɟɝɚɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ³ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ´ª

Ɉɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɟɳɺ ɪɹɞ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ Ȼɨɪɢɫ Ʉɨɥɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ

Ⱦɠɟɣɦɫɇɚɮɰɢɝɟɪ ɢȺɧɬɨɧɢɨɊɢɝɨɰɰɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬOH[VSRUWLYD ɤɚɤ ©ɫɜɨɞ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɵɱɚɟɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɟɣª

Ʉɟɧ Ɏɨɫɬɟɪ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ± ɤɚɤ ©ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɧɨ ɜɵɱɥɟɧɹɟɬ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɤɚɤ ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɹ ɟɦɭ

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Kolev B. /H[VSRUWLYDDQG/H[0HUFDWRULD 7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6SRUWV/DZ-RXUQDO±

Nafziger J.A.R. /H[6SRUWLYDDQG&$6>/H[6SRUWLYDɢɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ@ 7KH &RXUW RI DUELWUDWLRQ IRU VSRUW ± ,DQ 6 %ODFNVKDZ 5REHUW & 5 6LHNPDQQ -DQZLOOHP 6RHN HGV ± 3

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Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ©OH[ OXGLFDª ɉɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɷɬɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ©)DLU 3OD\ª ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ Ʉɟɧɚ Ɏɨɫɬɟɪɚ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɺɬ ɱɭɬɶ ɲɢɪɟ

Ɇɚɣɤɥ Ⱦɠ Ȼɟɥɨɮɮ Ɍɢɦ Ʉɟɪɪ ɢ Ɇɚɪɢ Ⱦɟɦɟɬɪɢɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ©ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨª ,QWHUQDWLRQDO VSRUWV ODZ ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɹ ɟɺ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

± OH[ VSRUWLYD ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ

± OH[ VSRUWLYD ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ

± OH[ VSRUWLYD ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦ ɨɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ

ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɗɪɢɤɚ Ʌɨɤɷɧɚ ©OH[ VSRUWLYD ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣª ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɜ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɟ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦª

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ

Ⱥ Ⱥ ɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜɵɦ

©³/H[ VSRUWLYD´ ± ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɢ ɤɨɝɟɪɟɧɬɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ

± ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɤɬɨɜ ³ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ´ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɭ

Foster K./H[ 6SRUWLYD DQG /H[ /XGLFD WKH &RXUW 2I$UELWUDWLRQ IRU 6SRUW¶V-XULVSUXGHQFH >/H[ 6SRUWLYD ɢ /H[ /XGLFD ɫɭɞɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ Ⱥɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɟɥɚɦ@ (QWHUWDLQPHQW DQG 6SRUWV /DZ -RXUQDO ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± KWWS ZZZ ZDUZLFN DF XN IDF VRF ODZ HOM HVOM LVVXHV YROXPH QXPEHU IRVWHU IRVWHU SGI!

Beloff M., Kerr T., Demetriou M. 6SRUWV ODZ >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ@ ± 2[IRUG +DUWLoquin E. / LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVDWLRQ GHV FRQWUDWV VSRUWLIV >ɂɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ@ /HV FRQWUDLV GHV VSRUWLIV / H[HPSOH GX IRRWEDOO SURIHVVLRQQHO

* 6LPRQ GLU ± 3DULV 3 8 ) ± 3

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ

ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ©ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟª ɤɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ OH[ VSRUWLYDɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɱɟɦɩɢɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ

ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ

Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɤɥɭɛɚɦ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɷɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɥɨɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɤ ɢɞɟɟ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɨɜ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ

ȼɫɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ

ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɭɛɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ Ɋɹɞ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ

Chappelet J.-L., Bousigue A., Cohen B. 7KH DXWRQRP\ RI VSRUW LQ (XURSH >Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ@$FFRUG 3DUWLHO eODUJL VXU OH 6SRUW ± 6WUDVERXUJ ± S ± 3

3UpVHUYHU O¶KpULWDJH HW O¶DYHQLU GHV VSRUWV G¶pTXLSH HQ (XURSH >ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ@ (XURSHDQ WHDP VSRUW IHGHUDWLRQV ± ɛ ɦ ± S ± 3 ±

ɋɦɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., ɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ƚɪɟɛɧɟɜ Ɋ.Ⱦ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ ɋɟɪ ©ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢª ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɎɂɎȺ ɍȿɎȺ ɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɚɯ

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɭɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɚɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɯɜɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɬɟɥɟɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɱɟɣ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɥ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɦɟɪɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɚɧɢɹ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɭɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɝɪɨɤɚɦ ɧɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɭɛɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ

Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ

ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɚ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦ

ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ

ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɦɚɬɱɟɣ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ

ɉɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɞɨғɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɦɢɞɠɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɂɧɬɟɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɢ OH[

PHUFDWRULD

(ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ.)

ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɂɧɢɝɨ Ɇɚɪɚɧɢ Ɍɨɪɨ ɢ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɬɨ Ɇɚɪɚɧɢ Ɍɨɪɨ ± ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª ɢɬɚɥ ± 2UGLQDPHQWL VSRUWLYL ɢɫɩɚɧ ± 2UGHQDPLHQWRGHSRUWLYRɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɚ ± ©ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ Ɇɚɪɤɭɫɚ Ɇɚɡɭɤɤɨ ± ©ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɜɫɟ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ± ɧɨɪɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɢ ɧɨɪɦ OH[ PHUFDWRULD ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ

ɂɧɬɟɪɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɨɪɦɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤ ɥɟɝɢɬɢɦɚɰɢɢ

Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ɋ Ⱦ Ƚɪɟɛɧɟɜ ©ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ȼ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ

Marani Toro I., Marani Toro A. *OL 2UGLQDPHQWL VSRUWLYL >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ@ ± 0LODQR$*LXIIUHҒ± S ± 3 HWF

ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫ

Mazzucco M.F. /H[ VSRUWLYD 6SRUWV ODZ DV D WUDQVQDWLRQDO DXWRQRPRXV OHJDO RUGHU 7KHVLV >/H[ VSRUWLYD ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɤɚɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ Ⱦɢɫ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ@ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 9LFWRULD ± 9LFWRULD %ULWLVK &ROXPELD &DQDGD ± S ± 3

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɇɟɪɚ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ± ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɸ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɞ ª

ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ Ⱥɧɧɟɥɢɡ ɇɟɥɶɫɨɧ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ

± ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɝɪɵ

± ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ± ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɟɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ

ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɰ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ± ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɦ

ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ

± ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ

ȼ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧɧɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɺɧ ɮɚɤɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ OH[ VSRUWLYD

Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɗɬɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ

Ⱥ Ⱥ ɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ OH[ VSRUWLYD

Ʉɚɤ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɨ OH[ PHUFDWRULD ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ©ɜɪɚɫɬɚɥɨª ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɣ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɫɭɞɶɹ Ⱥɧɝɥɢɢ

Ƚɪɟɛɧɟɜ Ɋ.Ⱦ.Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥ ɋ ȼ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ± ɋ

Nelson A. :KHQ ZKHUH DQG ZK\ GRHV WKH 6WDWH LQWHUYHQH LQ 6SRUW D FRQWHPSRUDU\ SHUVSHFWLYH >Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɝɞɟ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ@ 6SRUWV /DZ H-RXUQDO ± ± S ± 3

ɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ± ɋ