Pattern Approach for Lung Imaging
Flowcharts “Focal involvement” and “Diffuse involvement” see following pages.
xv
xvi |
Pattern Approach for Lung Imaging |
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Focal Involvement
Increased opacity
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Nodule |
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Mass |
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Consolidation |
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Solid |
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GGO |
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Lobar |
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Patchy / |
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nodular* |
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Specific sign
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Beaded septum |
Comet tail sign |
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CT halo sign |
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Galaxy sign |
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Reversed halo |
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tree-in-bud. sign |
Gloved finger |
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sign |
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sign |
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sign |
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Lung cancer |
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AAH |
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Sarcoidosis |
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ABPA |
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Lung cancer |
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Pneumonia |
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* Includes multiple |
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Lymphangitic |
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Rounded |
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Invasive |
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COP |
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Endobronchial |
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Benign tumor |
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BALToma |
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BALToma |
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Adenocarci- |
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lesions |
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carcinomatosis |
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atelectasis |
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aspergillosis |
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TB |
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Paracoccidiodo- |
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spread of TB, |
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Bronchial |
Granuloma |
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Focal fibrosis |
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Pulmonary |
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noma |
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COP or organizing |
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Leukemia |
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Loeffler syndrome |
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mycosis |
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NTM disease |
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atresia |
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Inflammatory |
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Adenocarcinoma |
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sarcoma |
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BALToma |
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pneumonia |
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Amyloidosis |
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Adenocarcinoma |
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Lymphomatoid |
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DPB |
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Cystic fibrosis |
nodule |
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Benign tumor |
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Bronchopneumonia |
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Lymphoma |
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granulomatosis |
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Cystic fibrosis |
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in situ |
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Rounded |
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including airway |
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COP |
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Sarcoidosis |
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Invasive |
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atelectasis |
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invasive aspergillosis |
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adenocarcinoma |
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PMF |
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Fungal infection such |
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Chronic |
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as cryptococcosis |
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pneumonia |
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Adenocarcinoma(s) |
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including |
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Lymphoproliferative |
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actinomycosis |
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disease including |
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and semi- |
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IgG-4 related lung |
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invasive |
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disease and |
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aspergillosis |
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lymphomatoid |
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granulomatosis |
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Pulmonary vasculitis |
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ANCA-associated |
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granulomatous |
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vasculitis |
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Decreased opacity
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Cystic airspace (+) |
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Cystic airspace (–) |
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Specific sign |
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Wall (+) |
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Mosaic attenuation |
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Airway disease |
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Air crescent sign |
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Signet ring sign |
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Cavity |
Cyst |
Vascular |
Obstructive |
Subpleural Intraparenchymal
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Histiocytosis |
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Bulla |
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TB |
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Bleb |
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Fungal |
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infection |
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Papillomatosis |
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Metastasis |
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RA |
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Septic emboli |
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Pneumatocele |
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Chronic PE |
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Small airway |
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Small airway |
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Aspergilloma |
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Bronchiectasis |
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disease |
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disease |
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WG |
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Large air |
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Large air |
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Intracavitary |
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way disease |
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way disease |
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hemorrhage |
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Lung cancer |
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Pattern Approach for Lung Imaging xvii
Diffuse Involvement
Increased opacity
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Reticular pattern |
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Nodular pattern/multiple masses |
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Ground glass opacity |
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Consolidation |
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Interlobular septal |
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Honeycombing |
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Small nodular |
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Multiple |
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/c reticulation |
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/s reticulation |
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thickening |
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pattern |
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nodules/masses |
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Smooth |
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Nodular |
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Basal/ |
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Upper |
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Centrilobular |
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Perilymphatic |
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Random |
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/c fibrosis |
Crazy paving |
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Peripheral/ |
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Nodular |
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Diffuse |
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Diffuse |
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Subpleural |
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(miliary pattern) |
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subpleural |
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patchy |
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Edema |
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Lymphangitic |
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UIP |
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Sarcoidosis |
Endobronchial |
Hemorrhage |
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carcinomatosis |
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NSIP |
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Chronic HP |
spread of |
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Sarcoidosis |
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Familial |
infection |
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Pneumonia |
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Asbestosis |
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Silicosis |
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Pulmonary |
DBP |
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Amyloidosis |
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Fibrosis |
BO |
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Vasculitis |
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Subacute HP |
Sarcoidosis |
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Hematogenous |
Hematogeneous |
Silicosis |
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metastasis |
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metastasis |
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Amyloidosis |
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Lymphangitic |
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Fungal infection |
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carcinomatosis |
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Fungal infection |
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MiliaryTB |
Lymphoproliferative |
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disease |
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Sarcoidosis |
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Pulmonar vasculitis |
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Septic emboli |
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Langerhas cell |
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histiocytosis |
UIP |
PAP |
Cellular NSIP |
Subacute HP |
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Acute HP |
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Pneumonia |
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CEP |
NSIP |
AIP |
DIP |
CMV |
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PCP |
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AIP |
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COP |
Hemorrhage |
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ARDS |
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Interstitial |
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COP |
Hemorrhage |
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CMV |
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HP |
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Edema |
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Edema |
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pneumonia |
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Pneumonia |
Eosinophilic |
Pulmonary |
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Hemorrhage |
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Hemorrhage |
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pneumonia |
vasculitis |
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COP Edema |
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AIP |
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Lipoid |
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pneumonia |
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Decreased opacity
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Cystic airspace (+) |
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Cystic airspace (–) |
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Wall (+) |
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Wall (–) |
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Mosaic attenuation |
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disease |
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Cavity |
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Cyst |
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Vascular |
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Obstructive |
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Subpleural |
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Intraparenchymal |
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Single |
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Multiple |
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layer |
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layer |
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See |
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Bulla |
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See DDx of |
LAM |
DDx of |
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Bleb |
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honeycombing |
LCH (histiocytosis) |
single |
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Paraseptal |
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LIP |
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cavity |
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Chor subacute HP |
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emphysema |
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Cystic BE |
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Metastases |
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(angiosarcoma or |
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adenocarcinoma) |
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Bert-Hogg-Dube Sd |
Centrilobular |
Chronic PE |
Small airway |
Small airway |
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emphysema |
Pulmonary |
disease |
disease |
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HT |
Large air |
Large air |
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way disease |
way disease |
Part I
Focal Lung Diseases