Independent work #6 (11). Prenatal care. Childbirth.

Task 1. Learn the topical words:

prenatal care - ведення вагітної, to confirm - підтверджувати

mother-to-be - майбутня мати

complication - ускладнення

nutrition - харчування

additional - додатковий

rapid - швидкий

weight gain - набирання ваги

inadequate - неадекватний, невідповідний

significant - значний

swelling - набрякання

participate - брати участь

limitation - обмеження, застереження; swayback - патологічне посилення поперекового лордозу і грудного кіфозу, "кругла спинa”

Task 2. Read the text.

Once the doctor has confirmed pregnancy, a program of prenatal care will be prescribed for the mother-to-be. Prenatal care consists chiefly of making sure that nothing goes wrong with this completely normal and natural process - in other words, that there are no complications.

Good nutrition is especially important during pregnancy.

The additional weight puts more stress on the back and on the legs, sometimes resulting in such problems as swayback and varicose veins.

Due to either rapid weight gain or inadequate kidney function, some women experience significant swelling in the ankles.

Proper rest and exercise are important throughout pregnancy. In general, a woman can participate in most, if not all, of the activities and sports she was taking part in before her pregnancy. Her doctor can advise her about any limitations.

Task 3. Answer the questions:

1. When will a program of prenatal care be prescribed for the mother-to-be?

2. What does prenatal care consist of?

3.What can her doctor advise a pregnant woman?

Task4. Read the words, skim the text and do the exercises:

contractility - стискання, звуження

delivery, parturition, childbirth – пологи

dilatation - розширення; fetus – плід

eclampsia - еклампсія, пізній токсикоз вагітності

endometrium - слизова оболонка матки

expulsion - вигнання, виштовхування

fertilization - запліднення

pregnancy, gestation, - вагітність

gonad - гонада, статева залоза

gynecology - гінекологія

implantation - вживлення

infertility - неплідність

micturition - сечовиділення

obstetrics – акушерство;

ovary - яєчник; ovum (pl. ova) – яйцеклітина

perineum - промежина; placenta – плацента

precocious - передчасний

womb – матка; vagina - піхва

Ex.2. Match the word combinations:

bearing down pains –	штучний розрив
Fallopian tubes –	уникати еклампсії
prenatal, antenatal clinic -	фаллопієві труби
in utero -	втрата крові
pelvic measurements -	потуги
avoid eclampsia -	інші ускладнення
other complications -	попередній стан
artificial rupture -	виміри тазу
blood loss -	в матці
previous state -	передпологова лікарня

Read the text CHILDBIRTH and answer the questions:

The development of the human fetus is realized in utero after fertilization and implantation of the ovum. Suspicion of pregnancy will arise from amenorrhoea and perhaps from some of the symptoms of early pregnancy, such as nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, frequency of micturition.

The future mother regularly attends the antenatal clinic, where pelvic measurements, blood pressure recording, weighing, blood examinations to detect anaemia, urine testing for sugar and examinations for peripheral edema are performed in order to avoid eclampsia or other complications.

Labour starts at the end of gestation. Commonly, it commences with contraction pains and a small "show" of blood and mucus. In this first stage artificial rupture of the membranes may be necessary in order to improve contractility and dilatation.

The second stage is characterized by "bearing down" pains and ends with the expulsion of the child. During the third stage the placenta and membranes are delivered. The main complication of the third stage is blood loss.

The puerperium is the period of 6-8 weeks following delivery during which body tissues, especially the pelvic organs are returning to their previous state.

Delivery depends on three factors: the powers of the muscles, the passages and the passenger, i.e. the fetus. A series of disorders may complicate pregnancy: infections, respiratory and nervous disorders, renal disease.

Ex.3. Answer the questions:

1. Where is the development of the human fetus realized ?

2. What are the symptoms of early pregnancy?

3. How should the future mother attend the antenatal clinic?

4. Labour starts at the end of gestation, doesn’t it?

5. Why may artificial rupture of the membranes be necessary?

6. When are the placenta and membranes delivered?

7. What is the main complication of the third stage?

8. When are the pelvic organs returning to their previous state?

9. What factors does delivery depend on?

10. What disorders may complicate pregnancy?