Independent work # 3 (8). Laparoscopy.

Task 1.Read the text and memorize the words:

incision – розріз; aid – допомога; minor – невеликий; advantage – перевага; hemorrhaging – кровотеча; recovery time – час одужання; female infertility – безпліддя у жінок

Task 2. Put 10 possible questions to the text:

Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera. It can either be used to inspect and diagnose a condition or to perform surgery.

Types

There are two types of laparoscope: (1) a telescopic rod lens system, that is usually connected to a video camera), or (2) a digital laparoscope where the charge-coupled device is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system.

Surgery

The laparoscope allows doctors to perform both minor and complex surgeries with a few small cuts in the abdomen. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an open procedure. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions and hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time.

Gynecological diagnosis

In gynecology, diagnostic laparoscopy may be used to inspect the outside of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, for example in the diagnosis female infertility.

Pediatric laparoscopy

Although laparoscopy in adult age group is widely accepted, its advantages in pediatric age group is the same.

Unit 7 (23). At the cardiological department.

Ex.1. Read and memorize the words:

heart attack – серцевий напад; infarction – інфаркт;

cardiac insufficiency – серцева недостатність;

heart failure – серцева недостатність;

congenital heart defect – вроджена вада серця;

ischemic heart disease – ішемічна хвороба серця;

angina pectoris – стенокардія; plaque – бляшка;

cardiac resuscitation – поновлення серцевої діяльності;

Ex.2. Match the words-combinations:

the cardiological department -	перекачувати кров
cardiovascular diseases -	ушкоджені
blood pressure -	працювати сильніше
relieve the condition -	кардіологічне відділення
temporary weakness -	просвіт артерії
are damaged -	серцево-судинні захворювання
the opening to the artery -	полегшити стан
to work harder -	артеріальний тиск
to pump blood -	тимчасова слабкість

Read and translate the text:

At the cardiological department

At the cardiological department there are patients with cardiovascular diseases: infarctions, cardiac insufficiency, congenial heart defects, ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris and others. One major form of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a medical term for clogged arteries. Plaque causes the once-smooth lining of an artery to become thick and rough. The opening to the artery narrows and its elasticity is reduced. As a result, blood flow is affected. The heart must pump harder to force blood through the artery. Thus, blood pressure is increased. If too much plaque builds up in a blood vessel, it forms a thrombus, or clot, that shuts off the flow of blood. Sometimes plaque breaks away within an artery and forms a moving clot, or embolism, in a blood vessel.

Hypertension is chronic high blood pressure.

Hypertension creates several conditions that can severely damage the cardiovascular system. It can cause the heart to work harder to pump blood, thus weakening it. This increases the chances of a clot forming

A coronary thrombosis is an obstruction caused by plaque deposits in a coronary artery. An obstruction can prevent circulation in the heart muscle. This causes a heart attack The best way to survive a heart attack is to be aware of its warning signals and seek immediate help. The common signals of a heart attack are:

1. Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing) or pain in the centre of

the chest that lasts for more than two minutes.

2. Pain that spreads to the shoulders, neck, jaw or arms.

3. Paleness, dizziness, sweating, fainting, nausea, or shortness of

breath.

Remember that these signals are not always present. Heart attack victims who get to the hospital within an hour greatly increase their chances of survival.

Ex.3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

clogged arteries; a build up of fatty deposits; pump harder to force blood through the artery; prevent circulation in the heart muscle; the warning signals of a heart attack.

Ex.4. Give the English equivalents:

бляшка; артеріальний тиск; утворює тромб; наносять шкоду серцево-судинній системі; утворення тромбу; серцевий напад; раптова тимчасова слабкість; стискання; заважають циркуляції крові в серцевому м’язі.

Ex.5. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What heart diseases do you know? 2. What is one of the major forms of cardiovascular disease? 3. What does the plaque cause? 4. What people are frequently at risk of having an infarction? 5. What do the effects of heart attack depend on? 6. When are the chances for recovery better?

Ex.6. Say if it is true or false:

1. Atherosclerosis is a medical term for clogged arteries.

2. Sometimes plaque breaks away within an artery and forms a moving clot.

3. A coronary thrombosis is an obstruction caused by plaque deposits in a coronary vein.

4. An obstruction can prevent circulation in the heart muscle.

5. The best way to survive a heart attack is to be aware of its warning signals and seek immediate help.

6. People who have low blood pressure are frequently at risk of having a stroke.