Types of sentences

Positive

There are three clients in the office.

Negative

Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи “no” или ”not any”, которые ставятся после “is” или “are”. При использовании отрицания “no” артикль перед существительным не употребляется.

There is no pen in my bag.

There are not any bags in the room.

There are not any books there.

Question

Вопросительная форма образуется путём постановки “is” и “are” перед “there”.

Is there a girl in the room? Are there any books on the shelf?

В комнате есть девочка? На полке лежат книги?

Notes: 1. В высказывании, которое начинается с наречия “there”, употребляются также модальные и другие глаголы “may, come, live, exist etc.”

There may be a mistake in the addition. There must be more fruit in your diet. There came a knock at the door. Once upon a time there lived a wizard in the wood.

Возможно, в сложении есть ошибка. В вашем рационе должно быть больше фруктов. В дверь постучали. Жил-был в лесу волшебник.

2. В разговорной речи в предложениях с вводным “there” возможен эллипсис (пропуск члена предложения, легко восстанавливаемого в данном контексте). “There is/ There are” могут быть опущены в предложениях с абстрактным существительным в качестве подлежащего.

There is no harm in trying. No harm in trying. There is no doubt about it. No doubt about it. There is no harm done. No harm done. There is no need to explain. No need to explain.

Попытка не пытка. Нет никаких сомнений. Никто не пострадал. Нет необходимости объяснять.

III Spoken English

Receiving visitors

1. Objective:

• to receive a business contact and hold a social conversation with them.

Tasks:

• to introduce a friend in an official situation and informally;

• to get acquainted with a person;

• to welcome a visitor;

• to start a conversation;

• to part from a person;

• to meet a partner in the street;

• to thank for a nice briefing or a lecture.

2. Introduction. Think about 1-2 words in the story in Russian. Translate the words into English.

Hints:

• be open, friendly, helpful and polite;

• create the right image for yourself;

• create the right image for the company you are representing;

• create an impression to the partner;

• show your interest in your colleague’s life;

• in English a request is rarely refused outright.

3. Key words:

	to get acquainted with Dr.Klaus	знакомиться с д-ром Клаусом
	to be acquainted with Dr.Klaus
	I am acquainted with Sheila.
	We are acquainted with each other.
	Let me introduce Mr.Brown.
	I’m pleased to meet you.
	Meet my friend Andy.
	to talk about the weather
	to start a conversation
	to discuss my personal matters with a stranger
	One of these days I’ll make a bus tour of the city.	На днях [в будущем] я совершу экскурсию на автобусе по городу.
	to see very little of Helen of late	редко видеться с Хелен последнее время
	I saw Mike the other day. (in the recent past)	Я встречался с Майком на днях [в прошлом].
	to part from Helen	расставаться с Еленой
	Give my best regards to everybody at home.
	I must be off.	Мне надо идти.
	Come in.
	Hang up your coat here.
	to hang the coat on the hook
	It depends.
	This way please.
	Make yourself comfortable.
	to take care of David
	Help yourself please.
	Thank you for a warm reception.
	a social affair	общественное событие
	an invitation
	I haven’t made up my mind yet.	Я ещё не решила.
	to last
	to afford to go to Greece
	to be friendly with Andy
	I’m friendly with Andy.	Я в хороших отношениях с Андреем.
	a friend of mine
	to have a problem
	to quarrel
	to make it up	мириться
	to make up the problem	уладить проблему
	amicable [`æmıkəbl]	дружелюбный, дружеский, дружественный,
	to settle our dispute in an amicable way
	to change my mind
	I have changed my mind.	Я передумал.
	I want to get out into the open air.
	It has been a real pleasure.
	to eat – eat – ate – eaten – eating
	What kind of man is Mike?
	`intimate friends	близкие друзья
	She looks shy.	Она выглядит застенчивой.
	to put on weight	набирать вес (толстеть)
	to make an eye contact	смотреть в глаза

4. Activity 4. Student’s organisation of the dialogue “Introduce people of the same age”.

Plan

1. Introduce the man.

2. Introduce other people.

3. The man greets the woman.

4. The woman greets the man.

5. Start a conversation.

5. Activity 5. Make each part of the dialogue “Introduce people of the same age” with one question or a phrase.

1. Helen, meet my friend Andy.

2. Andy, this is Helen.

3. Nice to meet you, Helen.

4. Nice to meet you, Andy.

5. I believe I saw you at the night club yesterday.

6. Activity 6. Build up your conversation.

1. Let me introduce you Mr.Duffy.

2. Have you met before?

3. Have you ever been to Italy?

4. I’ve never been to Italy.

5. I’ve heard a lot about you.

6. People are so friendly in Ukraine.

7. When did you get acquainted with Helen?

8. I see very little of George.

9. I have seen very little of David of late.

10. I’ve seen very much of Sheila of late.

11. We’ll have a conference one of these days.

12. I’ll call you up one of these days.

13. Mike left for Paris the other day.

14. Is it easy to start a conversation with a stranger in your country?

15. Do people in this country discuss their personal matters with strangers?

16. Are there any conversation starters in your language?

17. Which of the conversation starters are most frequently used?

18. What do you say if you want to make conversation sociable?

19. Do people in your culture like to talk about the weather?

20. How are you feeling today? I hope, you are well.

21. Yes, that’s all right.

22. What a pity. Susan doesn’t feel well.

23. It’s a pity she can’t come.

24. Hope to see you soon.

25. I’m going to the seaside tomorrow.

26. Have a happy weekend.

27. I’ll call you up some time next week.

28. Let’s hope for the best.

29. Merry Christmas!

30. When my friend comes to see me I really put myself out to make her stay enjoyable.

31. Would you like a cup of tea?

32. What are you going to do for your holiday?

33. Have you made up your mind yet?

34. I haven’t made up my mind yet.

35. I haven’t made any definite plans so far.

36. Have you changed your mind?

37. Are you friends with Mike?

38. I am on friendly terms with Mike.

39. Is it expensive to spend a vacation at the seaside?

40. Can you afford to go to Italy on vacation?

41. What kind of man is Mike?

42. We are getting along very well.

43. We settled our dispute in an amicable way.

44. I want to get out into the open air.

45. It’s been a real pleasure.

7. Activity 7. Teacher presents his own communicative plan of the dialogue “Receiving a guest” and the questions to make up the dialogue. Students provide their own answers.

Plan:

1. Greet your guest.

2. Call her in.

3. Hang up her coat.

4. Show the way.

5. Ask to sit down.

6. Propose a cup of tea.

7. Saying “Make yourself comfortable”.

8. Start a conversation.

9. Time to go.

10. Thank for the party.

11. Respond the compliment.

12. Thank for coming.

13. Saying good-bye.

1. Hello.

2. Come in please.

3. Can I have your coat?

4. This way please.

5. Do sit down.

6. Would you like a cup of tea?

7. Make yourself comfortable.

8. Lovely day today, isn’t it?...

9. I have to go.

10. Thank you for a nice party.

11. The pleasure was all mine.

12. Thank you for coming.

13. Good luck to you.

Activity 7.1. Dialogue “Talking about the weather”

Plan:

1. Lovely day.

2. Agree with a person.

3. A bit cold.

4. Agree.

5. Weather forecast.

6. Give an unexpected answer.

1. It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?

2. Yes, marvelous. Good weather for gardening.

3. A bit cold today, isn’t it?

4. Yes, it is.

5. What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow?

6. Well, as a matter of fact I have no idea.

Activity 7.2. Dialogue “Parting from a person”

Plan:

1. Express your intention to go.

2. Say it was nice.

3. Give your best regards to his family.

4. Say good-bye.

1. I must be going.

2. It’s been nice seeing you.

3. Give my best regards to everybody at home.

4. Good luck to you.

8. Activity 8. Read the dialogue and answer the questions.

Interviewer	So, Kim, what do you actually do when you have guests?
Public Relations Officer (PRO)	Well the first thing is that our main objective is to make them feel comfortable while they are in Canada. Because many people have never been to Canada before. And they are curious about Canada, but they are also very curious about Toronto. Ah! ... and Toronto is such a fabulous city, and we have so much that we can show them. So I first ask them what their interests are; and whether they're interested in art, or seeing a theatre production, or dancing, going to a discotheque, or if they would like to play any type of sport ... and we try to do something that they would enjoy...If there is a person coming from an Asian country, we certainly wouldn't take them out for Chinese food for dinner. We want to show them something different! So, we take them all for dinner, and have conversation over dinner and we get to know each other a little bit ... and we find out what they would like to see and what they would like to do while they are here. Of course, they're busy working during the day sometimes, but in the evening, after the work day,... we'll take them out and show them around and this means sometimes - everybody wants to see the CN Tower, they want to see the Dome, they want to see Niagara Falls...
Interviewer	Niagara Falls, of course!
PRO	It's not common practice to invite people to your home for dinner. If we do entertain anyone that comes into Toronto, we usually take them out to a restaurant; very, very seldom ... I don't think we have actually ever invited anyone to our home for a meal.
Interviewer	Really? For a business meeting...?
PRO	No, not for business. And if we did, it would be a very, very rare and special occasion. So, that's why, when we travel around, we find it such a treat to be invited into someone's home for coffee, or a meal, it's something quite foreign to us.
Interviewer	But ... you've been to Europe ... with Greg... and met business friends in Europe. What happened there?
PRO	We were invited, in Germany, we were invited to their home...
Interviewer	Really!... I thought,... you know, they say that the Germans do the same: they don't invite you to their home…
PRO	Well, it was almost at the end of our stay, for a week, and it was ... when was it? It was on the weekend before we were to leave and come back to Canada, and we were invited to one of the owners' homes, who lives in the country, for cake and coffee.
Interviewer	Oh, how nice!
PRO	We were very touched, you know... That was a very special invitation toward us. And, of course, when people leave Toronto, we hope that they've had a good time and we try as much as we can to keep in touch with them afterwards and hope that they will leave Canada with a really good feeling!

Questions to answer:

1. What words stand for PRO?

2. What are the names of interviewees?

3. What sights are the most interesting for foreigners in Canada?

4. Is it common to invite people for dinner to home in Canada?

5. Is it customary to invite business contacts for dinner to home in Ukraine?

6. What was the attitude of Kim and Greg to the invitation for dinner to home in Germany?

Activity 8.1. Write down the words and phrases that describe feelings and attitudes of people. Would you feel the same if you were in Canada?

9. Activity 9. Read the dialogue, translate it and act it out.

Dialogue “Receiving a guest at home”

Julie	Mike! It’s lovely to see you. Do come in.
Mike	Hello, Julie. So glad to see you. That’s for you.
Julie	Roses! They are lovely. Thank you.
Mike	I’m glad you like them.
Julie	I’ll pop them in water straight away… Let me take your coat.
Mike	Thanks. Terribly sorry I’m late. It was not easy to find a parking space.
Julie	That’s all right. Parking is always difficult around here. This way… What would you like to drink?
Mike	Well… Mineral water.
Julie	Here you are. Dinner will be ready in 5 minutes. Make yourself comfortable.
Mike	…Unfortunately, I have to go. It’s been nice seeing you.
Julie	Thank you for coming. My best regards to your Mum.
Mike	See you later. Take care.
Julie	Bye-bye.
Mike	Bye.

10. Activity 10. Read the dialogue, translate it and act it out.

Dialogue “Receiving a guest in the office”

Host	Mr.Matsu! It’s great to see you again. Do come in. Shall I take you coat?
Guest	Thanks.
Host	Have a seat please. Did you have any trouble during travelling?
Guest	No. I enjoyed the trip. Your directions were very helpful.
Host	Would you like some coffee?
Guest	Yes please. I’d love some.
Host	How is Mr.Hamata?
Guest	Oh, he’s fine. He sends his regards, by the way.
Host	Milk, sugar?
Guest	No, black please.
Host	Here you are.
Guest	Thanks.

11. Activity 11. Conversation starters. Read and apply the conversation starters in mini conversations of your own.