1. Осуществление руководства чем- либо

плохое руководство хорошее руководство кадровая политика умелое руководство сильное руководство

2. Руководящий состав чего-либо Руководство приняло решение расширить компанию.

У завода новое руководство.

на уровне руководителей

решение руководства

позиция, занимаемая руководством

45

Щз^шаИк

"<Ж- Й* Ш^-•-••-'>-' .-.*--.!-:.-;«.:-- i.,:-i,\.,.-.:-:'\BS.-:i!.Jj(>.,-.*-.». -. SJ..i:.4:» J!.¹ ..rfat ,'.n it :• --.ч: ?~ •x.-'S .ч^йькч.ччх"; А.:м kk*.-:j.kk\j.

a management team

a management trainee

a management system

middle management

senior management / executives

manager n. an area manager department manager deputy manager export manager general manager

managing director personnel / staff/ human resources manager public relations manager

product manager

production manager rights manager

sales manager

market n.

(seeU.9)

obtain v.

obtain information obtain a licence

on the bob of rath, owing to smth. partner n.

active partner co-partner

руководящая команда стажер-руководитель информационно-управляющая система руководители среднего звена высший руководящий состав

менеджер, управляющий, начальник

руководитель регионального проекта

заведующий отделом

заместитель начальника, управляющего

заведующий экспортным отделом

генеральный менеджер, главный

управляющий

директор-распорядитель

начальник отдела кадров

начальник отдела по связям с

общественностью

менеджер контроля качества и дизайна

продукции

заведующий производством

менеджер, контролирующий

соблюдение контракта в отношении

покупки, продажи, распространения и

перепроизводства товаров фирмы в

других странах

заведующий отделом сбыта

рынок

получать, доставать, приобретать, достигать, добиваться добывать сведения получки» лицензию

на основе, на основании вследствие чего-либо, по причине

партнер, член товарищества, компаньон активный партнер член товарищества

46

general partner junior partner limited partner

managing partner

nominal partner

senior partner

secret / sleeping / dormant

partner

silent partner trading partner

partnership n. a deed of partnership a partnership agreement a partnership-at-will illegal partnership

become / form a partnership dissolve a partnership join a partnership enter partnership go into partnership

private a.

a private business

a private company

a private firm

a private letter

private information

In private

May I speak to you in private?

property n. corporate property

movable property real property personal property private property public property

участники полного товарищества младший партнер участники товарищества с ограниченной ответственностью партнер, руководящий повседневной работой фирмы номинальный партнер старший партнер

спящий партнер, "числящийся", не принимающий активного участия в делах формы малоизвестный партнер торговый партнер

товарищество партнерское соглашение

бессрочное товарищество незаконное товарищество

организовать / товарищество распустить товарищество стать членом товарищества

частный

частный бизнес

частная компания

частная фирма

личное письмо

сведения, не подлежащие огласке

конфиденциально, секретно

Не могли бы мы поговорить с глазу

на глаз?

имущество, собственность акционерная / корпоративная собственность движимое имущество недвижимое имущество личное имущество частная собственность общественная собственность

47

__K--_K;s^__sss.._..

ШШ1 provide for / against smth. v.

resolution n.

ч

run the risk v.

secession from the organisation n.

share capital n.

(see U. 12)

solvency n.

staff n.

account staff administrative staff hired staff catering staff clerical staff counter staff

industrial staff junior staff office staff permanent staff senior staff temporary staff

staff shortages

staff vacancies

employ / take on staff

recruit staff

The guest- house is keeping a

skeleton staff at this time of the

year.

statutory books n.

tax exempt

принимать меры решение, резолюция подвергаться риску выход из организации

акционерный капитал

платежеспособность

штат, служащие, рабочие бухгалтерия, бухгалтеры административные работники служащие по договору найма работники сферы обслуживания канцелярские работники служащие, работающие за прилавком (в банке, магазине...) работники на заводе, фабрике нижестоящие, подчиненные конторские служащие постоянный плат вышестоящие, начальство временный штат

нехватка кадров

вакантные места

нанимать плат

набирать штат

В это время года в гостинице

минимальный штат работников.

уставные книги общества с ограниченной ответственностью, в которых указывается финансовое положение, члены, руководство я протоколы

лицо / организация, освобожденные от

48

i-inl

Ш «rilirf iii

2. Read the text paying special attention to new words and set phrases.

(1) Sole Proprietorship (авт.). Individual Proprietorship (ам.). Индивидуальные Предприниматели.

_S

ole proprietors are individuals carrying out economic operations in various spheres of business activities (industrial, trade, transport, banking etc.) and concluding commercial deals on their own behalf.

The legal form is not to be indicated in the name of the firm. The hired staff are not referred to as proprietors.

The proprietors must be registered in the trade register, obtain a licence to carry out business activities and keep the books reflecting the results of the latter. The contents of the books are a commercial secret not accessible to a third party. In case of a lawsuit the books can be open for the court and the parties concerned provided the proprietor acts either as a plaintiff or a defendant Also, the books can be made public in case of either insolvency or inheritance.

Sole proprietors are not subject to public report therefore it is not possible to get true information of their activities.

The sole proprietor is not a legal person and is fiilly liable with his property by the obligations of his firm. Millions of sole proprietors in the world carry out business activities mainly in the sphere of various services and retail trade.

(2) Unlimited Partnership (авт.). General Partnership (ам.). Полное Товарищество.

ППЬе main feature of unlimited partnerships is equal and collective A responsibility for the property for all members of the partnership. In other words, creditors can be paid either at the expense of the partnership's property or private property of the members. Besides, the agreement can not provide for the exception of property liability of any of the members before a third party. The property of the unlimited partnership is a joint property of its members.

The profit obtained is distributed proportionately to the share of participation in the property of the partnership. Concession of the share of participation can be made only with the consent of the members. The number of the members of the partnership is not limited.

50

,^f-1'^! -Ж* rut*" #f"^!'»«.tie i rr^?JL 41MM** f • 11

The unlimited partnership can be disbanded either in case of insolvency or resignation of one of its members or by resolution of all participants. Unlimited partnerships are not subject to public report.

(3) Limited Partnership (ант., ам.). Коммандитное Товарищество (Товарищество с Ограниченной Ответственностью).

^г I 'he limited partnership is a contractual union of entrepreneurs Jl participating only by way of contributions without taking direct part in the management (investors); and those who, apart from contributing, cany out direct management of the partnership and are folly liable by the partnership's obligations with their own property (Ml members).

It takes at least one foil member and one investor to form a limited partnership. The limited partnership is to be registered just like any unlimited partnership.

The name of the partnership includes the names of one or two full members; the including of the name of the investor into the firm's name makes the investor equally and jointly liable by the partnership's obligations.

(4) Master Limited Partnership. Акционерно-Коммандитное Товарищество.

I^V^ ^as*^er limited partnerships cany out business activities on the basis of JL A JLa Charter and are to be registered. One or more full members and shareholders as investors make a partnership. Shares can either be sold to or distributed among the investors or quoted on the stock exchange. Full members run the partnership and are liable by the partnership's obligations. The shareholders run the risk of devaluation of their shares. A legal person can act as a foil member. Thus a master limited partnership bears characteristics both of a limited partnership and a public limited company. The advantage of a master limited partnership is in getting additional income through an issue of securities and their subsequent sale on the securities' market Dividends are tax exempt, so the investors are mainly attracted by a tax regime of master limited partnerships which pay only income tax.

(5) Private Limited Company (авт.). Close Corporation (ам.). Акционерная Компания с Ограниченной Ответственностью. Закрытая Акционерная

51

F*rifc*- <* f JMriiift **»?&1i Dr i t1 § i,

Компания. (Общество с Ограниченной Ответственностью Закрытого Типа (общепр. назв. в СНГ).

_A

private limited company has the word 'Limited' or the abbreviation 'Ltd* in its name. A private limited company should be registered under the Companies Act and act in compliance with its Charter. The company is a legal person folly liable by the company's obligations. The equity capital of the company is formed at the expense of deposits; the shareholders get a certificate of deposit which is not considered to be a security and as a rule can not be assigned to third persons without the consent of other shareholders of the company, mat provides for the close character of the company. There are private limited companies with a single shareholder.

There is one more circumstance that limits the financial rights and hence production opportunities of the private limited companies: they are not allowed to issue debentures and announce public subscription for their shares.

Private limited companies keep statutory books which are not subject to public report. The number of members of the company is not large, usually consisting of close relatives or people knowing each other well, who united for business.

(6) Public Limited Company (ант.). Corporation (ам.). Открытая Акционерная Компания. Корпорация. (Акционерное Общество Открытого Тина (общепр. назв. в СЕТ).

_P

ublic limited company is the main legal form of large firms. A pubic limited company is a union of investors called shareholders. It carries out business activities on the basis of the Articles of Association and is to be registered under the Companies Act. Any legal person or an individual can be a founder of the company. The shareholders are not liable by the company's obligations. The public limited company is the most stable kind of unification of capitals as the resignation of any of its investors does not involve the liquidation of the company. The investor has a right to sell his shares without consent of other shareholders.

The initial share capital is formed by way of selling shares. During that period the initial share capital is the only source of financing of its activities. The means obtained from the sale of shares are used for the purchase of plots of land, industrial premises and offices, equipment, basic commodities (raw materials) to launch manufacturing activities. Therefore the company

52

... . .

receives an income and also can be financed by way of issuing debentures and securing bank loans.

Thus a number of advantages make a pubic limited company die most effective means of concentration and centralisation of capital goods and capital. The shareholders can return their capital only by way of selling shares at the price currently quoted on the stock exchange.

The shareholders have property and personal rights. Property rights are realised in case of liquidation of a company and in case of getting dividends. Personal rights mean the right to vote; normally a share gives a right for one vote. The decisions are to be taken by a large majority, hence the person or a legal person holding the majority interest is the one who makes resolutions. Public limited companies' names must have the abbreviation 'pic' in their name.

3. Answer the following questions:

118. What is a sole proprietorship?

119. Must the name of the sole proprietors be indicated in the name of the firm?

120. Are people hired to work in the sole proprietorships considered to be proprietors?

121. In what cases can the books of the sole proprietorships be made public?

122. Why is it not possible to get true information of the activities of the sole proprietorships?

123. In which spheres of business do sole proprietorships normally work?

124. What is the main feature of an unlimited partnership?

125. In what way is the profit obtained distributed in the unlimited partnership?

126. In what case can the unlimited partnership be disbanded?

127. What is a limited partnership?

128. How many people does it take to form a limited partnership?

129. What are the peculiarities of the name of the limited partnership firm?

130. Why do master limited partnerships bear the features both of the limited partnership and a joint-stock company?

131. What is the advantage of a master limited partnership?

132. Which feature is attractive for investors in master limited partnerships?

133. What is a private limited company?

134. What kind of abbreviation must private limited companies have in their names?

135. How is the equity capital of the private limited companies formed?

53

136. What factor provides for the close character of the private limited companies?

137. What are the circumstances limiting financial rights and production opportunities of the private limited companies?

138. What is the public limited company?

139. Who can be me founder of the public limited company?

140. Are the shareholders liable by the company's obligations?

141. Does the investor to the public limited company need to get a special permit to sell his shares?

142. What is the role of the initial capital for the public limited company?

143. What is the additional way of financing businesses for the publicly held company?

144. What factors make the public limited company the best form of concentration and centralisation of capital goods and capital?

145. How can the shareholders of the public limited companies realise their property rights?

146. What are me rights of the shareholders in a public limited company?

147. How many votes is one share is equal to?

148. Is a person or a legal person holding the majority interest is the most powerful in the public limited company?

149. What kind of abbreviation must public limited companies have in their names?

150. What is the difference between me private limited company and the public limited company?

4. Give English equivalents to words and word-combinations. Make up your own sentences using them.

I.

151. Различные сферы деловой активности.

152. Банковское дело.

153. Заключаются коммерческие сделки.

154. Служащие, работающие по договору найма.

155. Юридическая форма.

156. Быть зарегистрированным в торговом реестре.

157. Приобрести разрешение.

158. Вести торговые книги.

159. Выступать в качестве истца или ответчика.

160. Заинтересованные лица.

161. Коме того.

162. Подлежать публичной отчетности.

163. Вследствие чего.

164. Достоверная информация.

54

165. По обязательствам своей фирмы.

166. Розничная торговля.

167. Индивидуальное предприятие не является юридическим лицом.

168. В сфере обслуживания.

169. Основная черта полного товарищества.

170. Неограниченная и солидарная имущественная ответственность.

171. Полученная прибыль.

172. Другими словами.

173. Личное имущество.

174. Перед третьими лицами.

175. Исключить имущественную ответственность.

176. Прибыль распределяется пропорционально.

177. Доля участия в имуществе товарищества.

178. Число членов товарищества не ограничивается.

179. Имущество полного товарищества.

180. Уступка доли участия возможна только с согласия его членов.

П.

181. Товарищество может быть распущена

182. В случае неплатежеспособности.

183. В случае выхода из товарищества одного из участников.

184. Полные товарищи.

185. Договорное объединение предпринимателей.

186. Неограниченно отвечать всем своим имуществом по его обязательствам.

187. Как и всякое коммандитное товарищество.

188. Как и всякое полное товарищество.

189. Полные товарищи осуществляют руководство фирмой.

190. Котироваться на фондовой бирже.

191. Акционеры подвергаются риску обесценения своих акций.

192. Получение дополнительных средств.

193. За счет эмиссии акций.

194. С последующей продажей на рынке ценных бумаг.

195. Акционерный капитал компании.

196. Пайщикам выдается свидетельство о внесенном вкладе.

197. Которое не является ценной бумагой.

198. Без согласия других пайщиков.

199. Выпускать облигационные займы.

200. Производственные возможности.

201. Производственные возможности.

202. Правовая форма крупных фирм.

203. Повлечь за собой ликвидацию компании.

204. Наиболее устойчивая форма объединения капиталов.

205. Держатель контрольного пакета акций.

206. Принимать решения.

55

207. Акционерная компания: английски и американская аббревиатуры

208. Личные и имущественные права акционеров.

209. Право на один голос.

210. Получение дивидендов.

S. Choose the correct answer. A partner is...

211. Any person who signs any kind of legal document.

212. A person or groin) of people who take part in a legal agreement or dispute.

213. One of two or more people who runs a business.

The investor of the public company Ь»я ^я "fftt fr> "^U the shares belfMigipg to him:

214. Only with me permission of the Chairman of the Board of Directors.

215. Without the consent of other shareholders of me company.

216. Only to the shareholders of the same company with the resolution of the shareholders' meeting to follow.

A sole / individual proprietor is...

217. The managing director of the company.

218. An individual carrying out economic operations in different spheres of business activities and concluding commercial deals on his own behalf

219. A hired person who is in charge of the operation of the company.

6. Fill in the blanks where necessary.

I.

1. Cany economic operations.

56

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18. _

1. The resolution

2. To be subject.

Spheres business activities.

To reflect the results the commercial activities.

behalf

their own.

deals

.proprietors.

To conclude _ To be referred.

the firm, business activities, the latter.

The name

Tocarry

The results

In case insolvency.

The books can be open me court

Information someone's activities.

Millions

the world

sole proprietors.

Responsibility _ At the expense _ Liability before Proportionate _

Participation

The number

. the partnerships obligations, something.

third party.

. participation, me partnership.

the share

_ the property _

. the members the partnership.

all participants. public report

П. 1. Union entrepreneurs.	the partnership, the investors.
2. To take part the management
3. To form limited partnership.
4. To be registered the trade register.
5. The name the partnership.
6. the basis of the charter.
7. Shares can be sold or distributed
8. To be quoted the stock-exchange.
9. Run me risk.
10. The risk , devaluation shares.
11. It has a word limited its name.
12. The equity capital me company.
13. A certificate deposit

220. third persons.

     Can not be assigned

221. That provides .

222. To limit financial rights.

17. Announce

18. the price quoted

19. A number advantages.

20. way selling shares.

shares.

the stock exchange.

public subscription.

57

lip; i%ftft*-*f Busiatss Aclivities.