- •III Семестр
- •V Змістовий модуль «Подорожі. Митниця.»
- •3. Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Виконання вправ по темі.
- •4. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: the way I study history
- •Words and Word Combinations
- •1. Робота над текстом. Обговорення особливостей ведення бізнесу в різних країнах.
- •Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Повторення. Present, Past, Future Continuous.
- •4. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням:
- •Vocabulary
- •План роботи
- •3. Робота над заповненням митної декларації.
- •4. Виконання граматичних вправ . Present Perfect.
- •5. Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування:
- •Words and Word Combinations
- •План роботи
- •At the station
- •In the compartment
- •2. Виконання граматичних вправ із використанням тематичної лексики. There is / there are
- •This - these / that - those
- •3. Виконання граматичних вправ Perfect and Continuous Indefinite
- •4. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: Pompey
- •5. Speak on the topics.
- •IV Семестр
- •VIII Змістовий модуль «Гроші. Обмін валюти. Покупки.»
- •План роботи
- •1. Читання та переказ тексту. Робота зі словником.
- •2. Робота над граматичним матеріалом Present, Past Perfect.
- •The olympic flame
- •План роботи
- •1. Переказ тексту. Робота з після текстовими вправами.
- •Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: persia vs greece
- •Words and Word combinations
- •Виконання граматичних вправ. Present, Past and Future Perfect.
- •2. Виконання після текстових вправ
- •3. Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування: Spartan Education
- •Words and Word Combinations
- •4. Виконання граматичних вправ:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Make up questions
- •4. Put all possible questions to the sentences:
- •5. Make up one complex sentence out of two simple sentences according to the model. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •6. Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •7. Complete the sentences.
- •8. Say in one word.
- •9. Translate the following sentences.
- •Twenty-eight heroes
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •Ukraine
- •Vіі. Змістовий модуль „Готельний сервіс ”
- •Commentary
- •Long live the commune!
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combination
- •Russia in 1917
- •Words and Word Combinations
- •Guest Service
- •William the conqueror (1)
- •9 His followers - (зд.) своим сторонникам
- •Words and Word Combinations
- •The rescue
- •Words and Word Combinations
- •Пасивний стан дієслова.
- •Vііі. Змістовий модуль „Їжа. Заклади харчування”
- •Walter scott
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •5. Supply replies, making use of the text:
- •The age of discovery
- •Words and Word Combinations
- •Breakfast in Britain
- •How Tea Was First Drunk in Britain
- •Geography of great britain
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •The burning of moscow, a. D. 1812
- •Words and Word Combinations
- •How the Sandwich Came to the World
- •The Hamburger is not so Young as We Sometimes Think
- •The capital
The age of discovery
When on 12th of October, 1492 Christopher Columbus, the son of a weaver from Genoa(1), stepped ashore on the island which he later named San Salvador, it was one of the great moments in world history. But back to the very start(2).
In 1476 the vessel in which Columbus served was voyaging to England. Off the Cape of St. Vincent(3) a fleet of privateers suddenly attacked the ship; it took fire, and Columbus himself seized an oar and swam to land, afterwards making his appearance in Lisbon(4).
For the next few years he remained in Portugal, making and selling charts and voyaging to Madeira(5) and the Guinea(5) coast. It was during this period that he entered into a correspondence6 with Paolo Toscanelli, a wellknown astronomer and mathematician of Florence. Toscanelli furnished him(7) with a map of the world, which had been made shortly before(8), and with scientific evidence of the possibility(9) to find a way to Cathay (China)(10) by sailing west. Columbus applied to the King of Portugal for the necessary ships and equipment. (He could not get any financial backin(11) in Italy.) The King openly refused to consider his scheme, but in the meantime(12) sent out to the west a caravel which failed to find land in the direction indicated. Columbus left Portugal at the moment when attempts were being made to reach the Orient(13) by the African route. Passing over into Spain, he made similar proposals to the Spanish sovereigns, Ferdinand and Isabella(14), and at the same time sent his brother to England to lay his case(15) before Henry VII. But his idea seemed so strange that he was taken almost for a madman. Italy, England and Portugal rejected Columbus(16). Some years passed, and at last the Spanish court, being interested in shorter trade routes to India, agreed to render assistance to him.
Columbus departed from Palos with three small ships and sailed first to the Canary Islands(17). With letters of recommendation from the Spanish Government to the Grand Khan, he left the Canaries(17), pushing his way westward(18) until he reached the aim(19). Five weeks later he landed upon an island of the Bahama group(20), and the exotic world of red-skinned natives,
strange animals and fantastic nature opened to him and his men.
However, his stay in the world of the unknown(21) was short. In the spring of 1493, following the largest island of Cuba and Haiti(22), he returned with the news that he had found the archipelago long known to exist(23) off the south-east coast(24) of Asia. For a long time the land discovered by Columbus had no special name. Finally it was decided to name it after Amerigo Vespucci(25), an explorer of the land and a navigator. Columbus, of course, was not the first to "discover" America. According to an Icelandic Saga(26) and the latest investigation
carried out by Anne Ingstad(27), a Norwegian archaeologist, it was the Norsemen, with Leif Ericson at the head(28), who had visited Labrador, Newfoundland and New England as early as the 10th-l 1th centuries. The Norman settlement(29) recently unearthed there is sufficient proof of that.
Now the 9th of October, Leif Ericson Day(30), is celebrated as a national holiday in the U.S.A. alongside Columbus Day which is observed on the 12th of October.
Notes
1 Genoa [Узепоиэ] - Генуя
2 But back to the very start. - Но вернемся к началу (события).
3 Off the Cape of St. (= Saint) Vincent - Неподалеку от мыса Святого Винцентия
4 making his appearance in Lisbon (= appeared) - появился в Лиссабоне
5 Madeira - о-в Мадейра; Guinea - Гвинея
6 entered into a correspondence - начал переписываться
7 furnished him - предоставил ему
Запомните также синонимы этого глагола: to supply (provide) smb. with
8 shortly before - незадолго до этого
9 furnished ... with scientific evidence of the possibility - научно доказал возможность
10 Cathey = China - Китай
11 financial backing - финансовая помощь
12 to consider his scheme, but in the meantime - рассматривать его план, а тем временем
13 the Orient - Восток, восточные страны
14 Ferdinand - Фердинанд II, король Испании, основатель испанской монархии (1452-1516)
Isabella [iza'bela] - Изабелла, королева Кастильская (1451-1504),
супруга Фердинанда II
15 to lay his case before Henry VII - изложить свой вопрос (существо дела) Генриху VII
16 rejected Columbus - отказали Колумбу; отвергли предложение Колумба
17 the Canary [ka'neari] Islands = the Canaries – Канарские острова
18 pushing his way westward - стремительно направляясь на запад; to
push - толкать
19 reached the aim - достиг цели
20 the Bahama group - группа Багамских островов
21 world of the unknown - мир неизвестного
22 Cuba and Haiti - Куба и Гаити
23 long known to exist - который, как стало известно, существуетуже давно
24 coast(s) - побережье (как береговая линия), shore - берег моря (озера), bank - берег реки
25 after Amerigo Vespucci - в честь Америго Becпуччи (1451-1512), испанского мореплавателя, предпринявшего несколько путешествий в Новый Свет после экспедиции Колумба
26 an Icelandic Saga - имеется в виду исландская сага «Об Эрике Рыжем», в которой говорится об открытии Америки экспедицией Лейва Эрикссона
27 Anne Stine Ingstad - Анна-Стине Ингстад, норвежский археолог, которая в 1961 г. вместе со своим супругом, известным писателем и путешественником, Хельге Ипгстадом, организовала экспедицию по местам, упомянутым в Саге, и провела там археологические раскопки
28 Norsemen with Leif Ericson at the head – скандинавы (в данном случае - норвежцы) во главе с Лейвом Эрикссоном
29 Norman settlement - поселение норманнов (последние считаются предками норвежцев), раскопанное экспедицией Ингстад на севере о-ва Нью-Фаундленд
30 Leif Ericson Day - Признав научную достоверность исследования Ингстад и приоритет норманнов в открытии Америки, конгресс США узаконил 9 октября каждого года в качестве национального праздника - День Лейва Эрикссона. День Колумба отмечается теперь как День нового открытия и начала освоения Америки Старым Светом.