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THE STONE OF DESTINY

ТАҚДИР ТОШИ

There is a large stone in Westminister Abbey. It has an interesting history, a legend says the stone was brought from Scotland (афсона). It was for a long time the seat on which the kings of Scotland sat when they were crowned (тож кийганда). Duncan, Macbeth and Malcolm sat on this stone at their coronations [Данкен, Макбет, Мелком] (тож кийганларида)

Edward I of England invaded Scotland many times and once he brought the Stone of Destiny to England (эгаллаганда).

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The legend says wherever this stone goes, a Scottish king rules (қаерга борса). The kings and queens of Britain still sit on this stone, but not on it alone. In the 13^th century king Edward I ordered to make an oak chair (дуб курси) as a throne for the English coronations (тахт). The stone of Destiny was fitted into the seat of the chair and the king could sit on both the English throne and the Scottish stone at the same time (жойлаштирилган). This stone is now in Westminister Abbey.

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AN ENGLISH TRADITION AT THE ROYAL THEATRE.

ҚИРОЛ ТЕАТРИДА ИНГЛИЗ УРФ-ОДАТИ

The Royal theatre in Drury Lane is one of the oldest theatres (кўча номи). It was opened on May 7,1663. King Charles II was present at the first performance and he was the first British King who attended a public theatre (жамоа, умумхалқ театри). Since that time the theatre is called Royal and the actors are the kings company (қирол труппаси). Sometimes Drury Lane is called the theatre of traditions (урф-одат театри).

One of them — dating back to 1795 is kept each twelfth night (January 6). Then Baddeley cake is offered to every member of the Company with a glass of wine (1793 йил бўйича ҳар хил 12чи кечага тўғри келади). Robert Baddley was a pastry cook (қандолатчи). He became an actor and joined the kings company at the Royal theatre. After a successful stage career he left money to give cake and wine for the company every twelfth night (саҳнадаги муваффақиятдан сўнг, труппа аъзолари, ҳар 12 кечадан сўнг). After the evening performance the actor and actresses come off the stage in their costumes, make-ups, go to the hall to eat the Baddely cake (саҳнадан чиқиб келиб, ўзларининг кийим, гримлари билан).

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FIRE-PLACES

Камин, печкага ўхшаган олди очиқ иситиш қурилмаси

In English homes the fire-place has always been the centre of interest in a room. For many months of the year people like to sit round the fire and watch the dancing flames (оловни ёниши).

In the Middle Ages the fire-places in the halls of large castles were very wide (ўрта асрларда). Only wood was burnt (фақатгина ўтин ёқилган). Large logs were carried from the wood and put into the fire-place (ёғочлар). Such wide fire-places you may see in old inns, and in some of the rooms there are even seats inside the fire-place (уйларда).

Fire-places were decorated with woodwork, there was a painting or a mirror over it (ёғоч ўймакорлик билан жиҳозлантан, кўзгу ойна). When people began to use coal, not wood, fire-places became much smaller (кўмир). Grates (metal baskets) were used to hold the coal (металл сават). Above the fire-place there was usually a shelf on which there was a clock, and sometimes photographs (токча).

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МID-MORNING BREAK

Эрталабки ўрта танаффус

Тушдан олдинги танаффус

Have you ever heard of «elevenses» in Britain?

At eleven o'clock a lot of people stop work and have a cup of coffee or tea, or if they are at school, a bottle of milk. This mid-morning break is called «elevenses». «Elevenses» is also time for a talk, and when you are at school there is always a lot to talk about. At 11 o'clock the school bell rings and everyone goes to the playground (ўйин майдони). Very soon there are groups playing games and groups talking, laughing (ўйинлар ўйчайди; суҳбатлашади, кулишади).

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