Answer the questions:

1. Who attacked England?

2. Who took the lands from English?

3. Who came then to England?

4. Why was the English language for lower classes?

READ THE TEXT ROBIN HOOD

(Робин Гуд)

Robin Hood was well known and loved by the poor people of England. He was tall, strong and handsome and his songs were heard everywhere. He was brave too and there was no better -archer in that part of the country (ўқ-ёй отувчи). He was also kind and never hurt the weak or the poor (ҳеч қачон хафа қилмади). One day the Normans came with many soldiers to Robin's house. There was a terrible fight in which Robin's father was killed (қонли тўқнашув). The Normans took everything from the house and burnt it down. Only Robin was survived, because he fought bravely (омон қолди). But when Robin saw that his father was killed and his house was burnt down he stopped fighting and ran away to the great forest of Sherwood Forest (Шервурд ўрмони). Many other Saxons soon learned that Robin was there. They made Robin Hood their leader. The poor people loved Robin and his men. Robin became known as Robin of Sherwood Forest or Robin Hood. We do not know how he got the name Hood: Some people say that he was called Hood because he and his men wore green hoods (ёпинғичлар). He became known not only in England, but in many other countries as Robin Hood. And now we know him also as Robin Hood.

Robin Hood and his men fought against monks and Norman barons who oppressed the people (монархлар, баронлар). Robin Hood took money from the oppressors and gave it to the poor people (босқинчилар).

16

Answer the questions:

1. How do you describe Robin Hood?

2. Why did Robin Hood fight against Normans?

3. How did the poor people call his men?

4. Why did he love poor people?

Read the texts

I

THE GREAT CHARTER (1215)

AND THE BEGINNING OF THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT Улуғ Хартия

For two centuries after the Norman Conquest England was ruled by foreign kings (Норманлар истилоси).

The kings took large sums of money from the barons for the wars in Europe. Those who refused to give the money were arrested.

In 1215 the barons revolted and soon had a large army against the king (қўзғолон кўтарди). They wrote a paper where the rights of the Englishmen were written down.

The king had to sign the Great Charter (Magna Carta).

A council of twenty-five barons was chosen to control the king (иттифоқ). That was the beginning of the English Parliament.

I

The struggle of the Parliament against the king began in England in the 12th century. Each king wanted to rule over the country without any parliament.

King Charles I was at war with Spain and France and wanted money for it (Испания). The Parliament refused to give the money. King Charles I dismissed the Parliament (1629) and for eleven years ruled over the country without the council of the people (тарқатиб юборди).

The Parliament assembled again only in 1640 and opposed the king (тўплади, қаршилик билдирди). The parties began to prepare for war. The king and his soldiers were in Oxford. The soldiers of Parliament with Oliver Cromwell at the head were in

17

London. In the Civil War which lasted for twelve years the Parliament won the victory (фуқаролар уруши).

King Charles I was executed as enemy of the country (қатл қилинди). The Commonwealth was proclaimed and Oliver Cromwell became the Protector of the new republic (ҳимоячи). The end of the Commonwealth came after Cromwell died (1658). England was at war with Spain at that time. The government was too weak and the new Parliament decided to have a king.