Cities in britain

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LONDON I

London is the capital of England and of Great Britain. It is situated on the Thames (Темза дарёси). In Roman times it was named Londinium and was already a centre. Today it has about 9 million people.

The city of London is about one square mile in area It contains the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange (ўз ичига олади). Then there is the County of London (Лондон графлиги). But London has many other faces.

There is the West End. It is the shopping and entertaining centre (савдо, қизиқарли марказ). Here you can see the Houses of Parliament, built in the 13th century on the Banks of the Thames. The other part of the city is the East End. Working class is centered there. It is industrialized and there are many docks there (доклар). One can see 10, Dowing Street there, the official residence of the Prime Minister (резиденция-яшаш жойи). Close to the House of Parliament Westminister Abbey stands, built in the 14th century (Вестминистр аббатлиги). It is an old fine building. Many kings and queens were crowned there and many great men, writers, scientists, explorers were buried (тож кийишган, кашфиётчилар кўмилган).

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London has many places of interest: the tower of London, built in the 12th century (минора). Hyde Park, many old castles,

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palaces, the London Bridge, the underground, the Trafalgar Square, Big Ben, Picadilly Circus, the British Museum, Covent Garden opera house, the National gallery, Highgate Cemetery and other places (Гайд парк, қасрлар, саройлар, Хайгет қабристони).

On Sundays orators come to Hyde Park. There people exchange information, speak freely about what they want (нимани хохласалар эркин гаплашадилар). London Bridge is the only bridge across the river Thames. And it is narrow too with shops, houses on each side of it (тор). For more than 600 years only London Bridge serviced the Londoners (Лондонликлар). Then another one — Westminster Bridge was built.

London's underground is best for its quickest way to get about London (тез юриш транспорти). But the stations are not so beautifully decorated as they are in our country. There is a slot machine to get tickets, an escalator, and a poster map in the underground (билет олиш автомати, йўл кўрсаткич). Everyone seems to be in a great hurry in the London underground.

The Trafalgar square is the centre of London. It is large, impressive and the most beautiful place in London. Here you can see Nelson Column (Генерал Нельсон колоннаси).

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The traffic is heavy in London (кўча ҳаракати). There are many cars, lorries, buses, two-storied buses, double- deckers, coaches (2 қаватли автобуслар, извошлар, аравалар). In the Parliament Square we can see Houses of Parliament and Big Ben. Big Ben is the name of the bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament (минора соатининт қўнғироғи). Big Ben is the nickname of Sir Benjamin, chief Commisioner of work (тахаллуси меҳнат министри). It has four faces (томонлари). Each face is 7.50 in diameter, the figure — 60 sm, the minute hand — 4.26 m. (рақам, минут, стрелкаси). The Great Bell strikes hours (катта қўнғироқлар ҳар соатда бонг уради). Big Ben weighs 13,5 tons. The British Museum is old and well known all over the world. It has many ancient things and an outstanding library. There you can find manuscripts of

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poets, writers, even Uzbek poets, writers (қўлёзмалар). Its library is the richest library in the world: It has 6 million books.

The British Museum was founded in 1759.London has also the National Gallery founded in 1824, the Tate gallery in 1827, the Scotland queen Gallery in 1854.

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CAMBRIDGE

(КЕМБРИДЖ)

Cambridge is the second oldest University city in Britain after Oxford. It lies on the river Cam and takes its name from this river. Cambridge was founded in 1284. Now there are twenty two colleges in Cambridge. The first women's college was opened in 1869. The ancient buildings, chapels, libraries and colleges are in the centre of the city (черковлар). There are many museums in the old university city. Its population consists mostly of teachers and students. All students have to live in the college during their course.

In the old times the students' life was very strict (Эски вақтда талабчан). They were not allowed to play games, to sing, to hunt or even to fish or even to dance. They wore special dark clothes which they continue to wear in our days (кийилади). In the streets of Cambridge you can see young men wearing dark blue and black clothes and the "squares"—the academic caps (тўрт бурчакли шапка).

Many great men had studied at Cambridge, among them Cromwell, Newton, Byron, Yennyson, Darwin. The great Russian scientist LP. Pavlov came to Cambridge to receive the degree of the Honorary Doctor of Cambridge (Кембридж университетининг фаҳрий докторлик унвони). the students presented him with a toy dog then (қўғирчоқ кучук). Now Cambridge is known all over the world as a great centre of science; many scientists such as Rutherford, Kapitza and others worked there.

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