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SECONDARY OR HIGH SCHOOL.

There are two kinds of secondary or high schools in the USA; Junior High schools are for children from 12 to 15 years of age. Senior High schools are for children of 15 to 18 years of age.

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In all secondary schools the schoolchildren are called «students», not pupils.

Many American Schoolchildren finish only Junior High schools because they must begin working to help their families. The certificate of the Junior High does not allow them to enter college or University (гувоҳнома).

In American High schools there are two kinds of school subjects: which are compulsory for all students, that is all students must learn them (мажбурий). These are the subjects are English, physical education, maths, history, social science (жисмоний таълим, ижтимоий фан).

But there are also elective subjects (танлаб ўқиладиган фанлар). These are the subjects which some students learn and the others do not.

Among elective subjects are physics, chemistry, foreign languages, and many others. Only one in every 3 students learns chemistry, one in every seven students learns foreign language, one in every four studies physics. Besides, boys and girls in the some classes as usually learn different subjects.

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In the usa in uzbek.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA

Higher education is given in colleges, technical institutes and universities.

Students must pay for their education from two or five thousand dollars a year.

More than three million students who graduate from high school each year go on for higher education.

Successful applicants are usually chosen on the basis of:

1. their high school records

2. recommendations from their high school teachers

3. their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs). The system of higher education in the United States comprises three categories of institutions:

1) the university - which contains

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1. several colleges for undergraduate students seeking a bachelor's (four-year) degree;

2. one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor's degree to obtain a master's or a doctor's degree.

2) the technical training institutions where high school graduates may take courses ranging from six months to four years to learn a wide variety of technical skills:

-from hair styling through business accounting to computer programming.

3) the two-year or community college - from which students may enter many professions or may transfer to four year colleges.

Any of these institutions in any category might be either public or private, depending on the source of its funding.

Some universities and colleges have gained reputations. They offer challenging courses and provide their students with a higher quality of education.

The best or the lower prestiges of the universities are determined by the quality of the teaching faculty.

In the USA the examinations as criteria for admission are used. The administrators say that SATs help to admit, to choose the most excellent, capable applicants for every first year student seat.

The courses for the most graduate degrees can be completed in two or three years.

A thesis is required for a Master's degree;

A Doctor's degree requires a minimum of two years of course work beyond the Master's degree level: success in a qualifying examination, proficiency in one or two foreign languages and in a research toll and completion of a doctoral dissertation.

The number of credits awarded for course relates to the number of hours of work involved.

At the undergraduate level a student generally takes about three five hours a week courses every semester. Semesters usually run from September to early January and late January to late May. Credits are earned by attending lectures, lab classes and by

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successfully completing assignments and examinations. One credit usually equals one hour of class per week in a single course. Most students complete 10 courses per an academic year and it usually takes them four years to complete a bachelor's degree. It requires about 40 three hour courses of 120 credits.

Students must pay for their education from two or five thousand dollars a year.

In the USA higher education system credits for the academic work are transferable among universities. The students can transfer from one university into another one.

The most selective are the old private north-eastern universities, commonly known as the Ivy League, Yale University, Columbia College (New York), Princeton University (New Serey), Brown University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, University of Pennsylvania.

With their traditions and long established reputation they occupy a position in American University life rather like Oxford and Cambridge in England, particularly, Harvard and Yale. The Ivy League Universities are famous for their graduate schools.

They have become intellectual elite centers.