IV. Northern ireland

Area: 5,461 sq.mi-14,144 sq klm. Population-1,800,000 people (2007) Capital-Belfast

Official language - English.

READ AND GET INFORMATION ABOUT NORTHERN IRELAND

Northern Ireland occupies North east section of the island of Ireland.

The area of Northern Ireland is relatively small but varied. It comprises six counties and its seaboard is 245 miles long (ўз ичига олади, графликлар, узунликда). The capital of it is Belfast.

Though Northern Ireland is not rich in minerals there is a growing industrialization (саноат ўсаяпти). It has long been an important manufactures of textile machinary and other engineering products. Therefore it is a well-known centre of textile and linen (зиғир тола). Nowadays man-made fibre production is extensively developed (сунъий тола маҳсулотлари). Belfast is famous for its shipyard (кемаларга жой). It incorporates the world's biggest shipbuilding berth (ташкил қилади, жой).

Northern Ireland produces vehicle components, oilwell equipment, electric instruments, telephone, switch gear, toys, shoes and sinthetic rubber (ўчириш, ёқиш асбоблари, сунъий резина).

More than two-thirds of the population of Northern Ireland is concentrated in Belfast and in the neighbouring counties (графликлар). The insular position greatly influences the climate of it (оролда бўлишлик таъсир қилади). Rain in it is frequent and abundant (кўп тез-тез ёғади, ёқимли).

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For its insular position there are not many plants and animals in Northern Ireland. At higher levels there are bogs (ботқоқлик).

It lacks natural resources: it has no coal and iron varied.

However the richest agricultural soil is found there and mixed farming is the general practice.

Livestock products including dairy products are of particular importance (уй ҳайвонлари). Oats are the main cereal crop and there is a big production of potatoes (дон маҳсулотлари) .Many farmers grow flax and fruit. Flax is grown in suitable districts (зиғир). The farmers send most of their agricultural products to Britain. The chief agricultural exports are cattle, poultry, eggs, bacon, milk, products, potatoes and apples.The linen industry is of great importance and gives employment to many workers (иш билан таъминлайди). Clothing and cotton goods are also extensively manufactured. Textiles, textile goods, clothing take a third of its exports. Local flax remains the basis of the industry. Workers in clothing factories are chiefly women. Therefore it chronically suffers from male unemployment (шy сабабли доим эркаклар ишсизлиги мавжуд).

Belfast is famous for its huge output of ships. There is also a big Volume of repair work (кўп таъмирлаш ишлари бор). The Belfast shipyard has also passenger liners and some aircraft carriers (самолёт лайнерлари, транспорти) Belfast is known for its rope making industry and possesses the largest rope-works in the world (арқон ишлаб чиқариш саноати бор), in the manufacture of food, drinks, tobacco and the flourmilling, furniture (ун ишлаб чиқариш, мебелсозлик). Salmon fishing can be carried on in some parts of Northern Ireland. Its smaller towns are Ballymena and Newry. Ballymena is noted as the market centre of dairy products (сутчилик). Newry was a flourishing port. It is famous for agricultural markets and manufacture of linen. The town Portadown is the centre of jam-making and fruit-canning (меваларни консервалаш).

. Belfast stands at the Belfast Lough (кўл, кўрфаз). The port of Belfast is of great importance for the Northern Ireland. Its

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trade is dominantly with Great Britain (савдо). It contains one million protestants and half a million catholics. The fields of employment, social need were there. The struggle for democratic rights was launched (бошланди) in 1968 and it is still going on (давом этаяпти).

Answer the questions:

1. How many countries are there?

3. What kind of industries are developed there?

SPEAK

1. Speak about its main centres and show them on the map;

2. Speak about its agricultural products and nature;

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THE SMALLER ISLANDS ROUND BRITAIN

(Британия атрофидаги кичкина ороллар)

READ AND GEТ INFORMATION ABOUT THEM

The Isle of Wight is a part of Hampshire. It lies off the South coast of England. The climate is maritime and mild (денгиз об-ҳавоси юмшоқ). The chief town is Newport. It is the important сеntre of sailing and yachting and has many holiday resorts such as Cowes, Ryde, Seaview, Cambridge, Sandown, Ventnor, Fresh Water Bay, Totland Bay and some others (сузиш, яхтада сузиш). It is composed of rocks and is known with its beauty, variety scenery.

The island is known for its quarrying from remote times (машҳурлиги билан узоқ-вақтдан). Today agriculture and tourist trade sustain the economy (туристик алоқа, сақлайди). There is also shipbuilding and aircraft construction at Cows.

Newport is a market town and its Saturday market has been known since 1184. The main industries are plastics and wood work, milling, brewing and mineral water manufacture (пластмасса ишлаб чиқариш, ўрмончилик, ёғочсозлик, пиво пишириш). The harbour of Newport is used for import and export business (ҳарбий порт).

The Isles of Scilly area group of about 140 small islands. They are famous for their wild and picturesque scenery (манзарали, кўринишлари). The coast is mostly chief bound and there are many large caves (қоялар, ғорлар). The shores are dangerous for navigation (қирғоқлар, кемалар сузиш учун хавфли). There are several light houses there, such as Bishop Light built in 1858 (маяклар). The climate of them is very mild, snow and frost are rare.

Many subtropical plants such as fuchsias, geraniums, aloes and cactus are grown there (ўсимлик турлари, гирань, кактус ўсимлиги).

There are many sea birds, land birds such as the golden oriole you can see deers there (заргалдоқ қуш, кийиклар).

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Land cultivation, the raising of early vegetables and flowers are the main industries. The Scilly flowers are grown in the open even in winter.

Of all the Scilly group only 5 islands are inhabited (одамлар яшайди).

Hugh Town is the capital. It occupies a sandy peninsula and there the large vessels can lie at anchor (қумли ярим орол, кемалар, якорь).

The Channel Islands form an archipelago situated in the English Channel lying in the South of England. It comprises many rocky islands (ўз ичига олади, қояли). The biggest of them are Jersey, Quernsey, Alderney, Sark. The.climate of them is mild and healthy. Snow and frost are rare. The sunny climate with rainfall is good for agriculture and the growing season is very long.

The Channel Island is characterized by a dense population and intensive cultivation of land (аҳоли зич). There are native trees such as oak, ash, buch, elm, lime, birch, pine, alder, cedar, hazel (дарахт турлари). Many ferns, mosses, lichens, wild daffadiles, fox lovers are abundant (папоротник, мохлар, лишайниклар, нацись, янка, устениклар кўп).

The cultivation of land is made easier by a great wealth of natural fertilizer (бойлик, ўғит).

The fauna of the Island is poor and the number of species is not great. Here the rabbit is the largest wild animal (ёввойи ҳайвон). The last fox was killed in Gersey in 1860. Jannets, cormorants, stormy petrels, herring gulls and some other sea birds can be seen there (қуш турлари — лупўш, тагалон, буревестник, чайка, балиқ қушлари). Many British migrant birds pass through the area (кўчиб юрадиган).

The population of it is chiefly of Norman descent but there is large mixture of Briton blood. The productive economy of the island is mainly based on agriculture with dairying, manufacturing includes tabacco and textiles.

Alderney is the northern, most of the larger channel Islands. It is a little over 3 square miles in area. The productive economy

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of it combines dairy farming and the tourist trade. Little fishing is practised.

Guernsey is the second largest of the Channel Islands. It has 25, 5 square miles in area. The capital of it is Saint Peter Port (авлиё). Snow and frost are uncommon (кам ёғади). There in 1960 a sea-water distillation plant was built (денгиз сувини тозаловчи). It is well known for breeding (чорвачилик). Tomatoes, flowers and grapes grow there and mostly are exported to England. The chief imports are food-stuffs, the principial exports are tomatoes, flowers and stone (овқат махсулотлари).

Jersey is the largest Isle. Its area is 44, 87 square miles. The capital is Saint Helier. The island's main industries are tourist trade and agriculture. Tomatoes and early potatoes are grown for the English market. 250 000 persons visit the island yearly (ҳap йили). Jersey airport is one of the busiest in the United Kingdom (энг банд). The population of it is of Norman descent and the influence of Norman culture is still felt there (келиб чиқиши у ерда ҳали ҳам бор, ҳали хам сезилади).

Jersey has its own copper coinage (мис танга). It makes quite unique among the other islands (жуда ҳам чиройли; манзарали).

Sark is one of the smaller channel Islands. Its area is only 9 square miles. It is well known for the beauty of its coastal scenery, which attracts quite a lot of visitors (қирғоқ манзараси диққатни ўзига тортади). There are two tunnels there. One of them was built in 1598. The economy of it is based on farming, fishing and the tourists’ trade.

The Isle of Man is situated in the Irish Sea. It is about 30 miles long and 10 miles wide. The centre is Douglas. The climate of it is moist and mild (нам). Frogs .are common (қурбақалар учраб туради). Snow and frost are rare. The flora is limited (чегараланган). There are no toads or snakes (газанда, ҳайвон, илонлар). Badgers, foxes, moles and squirrels are also non-existent (кротлар, олмахон яшамайди). There is only one species of fresh water fish, the perch (зот, жердь).

The Isle of Man is known for its cats. The Maux cat is unique (чиройли, ягона). It is common as a domestic pet in it.

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It is also famous for Maux sheep, a handsome four horned breed (шохли зот). A prominent feature of the isle for man is a bird life. The position of the island makes it convenient for the steedy of birds. The earliest inhabitants of it were Celtic in speech. Fishing is practised there. The control massif of it is used as a grazing ground for sheep. The plain lands are used for mixed and dairy farms. Oats, potatoes and hay are the main crops (хашак).Тhе tourist trade is becoming the most important industry of the island. Every year the beauty of the island attracts about 500.000 summer visitors (ҳар йили). The island is well known for its wollen mills and flour mills.

Douglas has been the capital of it since 1896. It is a seaport. By the middle of the 19th century the town has become a popular holiday resort. Now the tourist trade is the town's main industry. There are also precision, engineering works, knitting and carpet-weaving factories, breweries and mineral water works (аниқ механизмлар гилам тўқиш фабрикаси, пиво пишириш).

SPEAK ABOUT THE SMALLER ISLANDS: SHOW THEM ON THE MAP

1. Name the smaller Islands around Great Britain;

2. Describe each of their area, nature, industry, climate;

3. Show them on the map;

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