- •Focus on Language
- •Practice
- •Keep learning? Keep earning!
- •What are effective study habits?
- •Focus on Language
- •Practice
- •First degree courses in the uk
- •Focus on Language
- •Combined Science
- •Roleplay
- •Game “Why physics or math, etc.?”
- •“Starting your haunt of treasures”
- •1. How is a book organized? Put the words below in the correct order. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
- •Focus on language
- •Focus on language
- •Discuss
- •Technology and Libraries
- •A university is just a group of buildings gathered around a library.” Shelby Foote
- •Reading Report
- •Practice
- •It made it possible to …
- •It became possible/easy to …
- •It was a breakthrough in…
- •It found widespread application in…
- •Discuss
- •Focus on Language
- •Invention /discovery
- •1. Work with a partner. Name any accidental discoveries or inventions you have ever heard about. How did people benefit from them? Did they cause any problems?
- •Breakthroughs of the 20th century
- •Discuss
- •Do you think that scientific and technological achievements have really made the world a better place to live? Give reasons for your opinion. Focus on language
- •Practice
- •Practice
- •Double-edged sword
- •Comprehension check
- •Unit 3 Review
- •Rules of the Lab
- •Learning Objectives
- •In this module you will learn how to:
- •Comprehension check
- •3. Go back to the text and pay attention to the words in bold. Put them in the correct column that shows their function in the text.
- •Focus on language
- •Practice
- •Discuss
- •Global Warming: Facts vs. Myths myths:
- •Environmental Hazards of the Computer Revolution
- •Comprehension check
- •Make as many words as possible using the prefixes re-, dis-, over-, sub-,
- •Practice
- •The Advent of “Green” Computer Design
- •Is anything possible?
- •Into the 21st century
- •Into the Future
- •Learning Objectives
- •Science for the Twenty-First Century
- •As old as writing
- •Discuss
- •1. Read the text and give a title to it.// give it a title
- •Discuss
- •“The New Breed”
- •Introduction
- •Discuss
- •Go online. Find and read a short sci-fi story. Write a reading report. Make use of the Reading Report Form given in Module 3 Unit 2.
- •Learning Objectives
- •In this module you will learn how to:
- •Careers guidance questionnaire
- •Part-time Jobs vs. Holiday Jobs
- •The experience that is shaping the rest of my life
- •What can I do with a Science degree?
- •Interests:
Learning Objectives
In this module you will learn how to:
practice ..
learn how to
make use of
revisit
learn about
talk about
write a
Unit 1 Our Home – Planet Earth
Lead In |
1. Work in teams. Brainstorm all the words and phrases you know related to the word environment.
Present your mind map to the rest of the class and explain how the ideas are connected.
2 Work in small groups. Which of the environmental problems listed below are the most serious? Mark them 1 for the most serious down to 7 for the least serious. Give reasons for your choice.
global warming / climate change
air/ water/ soil pollution
shrinking habitats and loss of bio-diversity
acid rain
ozone layer depletion
deforestation
natural disasters: floods, heavy rainfalls, violent storms, droughts, etc.
3. Match the environmental problems with the factors that cause them. Some factors may go with more than one problem. Choose to write about three problems and factors that cause them. Follow the model:
Model: Increased carbon dioxide levels are a result of burning of fossil fuels
such as oil, gas and coal.
The burning of fossil fuels leads to the greenhouse effect which results in
climate change.
industrial toxic waste
spread of intensive farming methods
the burning of fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal)
nuclear waste
the destruction of rain forests
the use of CFC gases (Chloro-fluoro-carbons) in industry
poaching
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Functional language: Cause and effect
CAUSE / ORIGIN
sth is caused by …
sth affects …
sth originates/ed in …
The cause of … is …
sth is responsible for …
sth is/are due to …
EFFECT / RESULT
sth results/ed in …
sth is affected by…
sth is the main reason for
sth is a result of …
sth leads to …
sth is the consequence of...
Reading |
1. Read the definition below. Which environmental problem does it refer to?
… is a result of atmospheric contamination when industrial gases and chemicals mix with water in the air.
2. Work with a partner. Brainstorm your ideas about acid rain. What causes acid rain? How can it harm the environment? Work in pairs. Brainstorm your ideas about acid rain. The picture below may help you.
3. Read quickly the text about the acid rain problem and check your predictions.
Study help The meaning of a word or expression can often be worked out from the rest of the context of the sentence, e.g. “sulfur and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere.” From the context, to release must mean something like to throw out or emit. |
|
Chemical substances released from chemical plant chimneys are a major factor in the contamination of the atmosphere and lead to the formation of acid rain.
Many of us have our own “private factories” for producing modern acid rain - cars. Vehicle exhausts contain NOx (nitrogen oxides), hydrocarbons and other chemicals.
The damage caused by acid rain first appears in rivers, lakes and marshes. When the water of a lake or marsh declines to pH5 or so, at first the plankton and aquatic vegetation disappear. Needless to say, the fish that feed on these living things also decline in number and even die out.
Then, as the acidity level of soil increases, aluminum and other harmful metals contained in the soil begin to dissolve, which also contributes to the death of aquatic life. Eventually the lakes cannot support life at all.
Acid rain makes soil highly acidic, which leads to the drying and death of forests. Soil naturally contains many metallic ions such as calcium and magnesium, and these help to neutralize acid to a certain extent, even in the case of acid rain. However, when this neutralization power is exhausted, the acidity of the soil increases, killing microorganisms and worms.
There are also cases when acid rain enters directly into the leaves, trunks, and branches of plants and damages trees.
The damage created by acid rain in Europe and North America is truly grave. It is reported that in many European countries about one half of the total area of forests has been damaged.
Countries like Sweden, Norway, and other Scandinavian countries do not contribute much to atmospheric pollution, but they are suffering extensive damage from atmospheric pollutants carried there from other countries.
For example, it has been reported that fish have disappeared from one-third of the lakes and marshes of Norway.
In Asia, acid rain is having truly serious consequences in China, which is the second largest producer of coal in the world. Furthermore, with the expansion of industry and the spread of the automobile, acid rain is becoming a serious issue even in developing countries.
Historical sites and buildings are also damaged by acid rain, especially in Europe with its many historical buildings made of marble and copper. The chemical reaction between marble and sulfuric acid changes the marble into plaster. Therefore, ancient sculptural works made of marble often crumble after contact with acid rain. Copper items also break down in contact with acid rain. For example, the copper plates of the United States' Statue of Liberty were eaten away to a dangerous degree by acid rain, and needed large-scale reconstruction. Historical structures and buildings, which have been handed down as cultural heritage for centuries, have been in danger of being lost in the past several decades simply because of acid rain.
Acid rain is no longer someone else’s problem: it’s happening here.
(Adapted from http://www.virtualglobe.org/en/info/env/)
4. Read the text again and complete the cause and result chart for acid rain.
-
ACID RAIN
What causes it? What are the consequences?
exhaust gases from cars …………….
…………………… kill fish
…………………… pollutes the soil