Unit 3 Review

1. Science students often have to work in a lab. A lot of funny and ridiculous things happen there. Make up a ‘chain story’ to describe one of them.

Example: Peter got into a lot of trouble a couple of days ago. The trouble began at

his chemistry lab class.

Cue: While …………………

Student A: While the teacher was explaining the procedure of the experiment he was looking out of the window and daydreaming.

Cue: When …………………

Student B: When students started heating necessary substances he by mistake took the wrong test tube. He was nearly frightened to death to see the substance going out of the tube and splitting on the desk and his clothes. The desk got stains on it and his jeans got holes in them.

Cue: ………before………..

Student C: The teacher was very angry with him, though he was glad Peter had remembered to wear safety glasses before starting the experiment. Anyway, Peter’s lab work was a complete failure and now he has to …

Cue: …………………

Student D: ………………..

Cue words:

when, after, before,	as soon as, already,
while, by the time	never, then, next,
after that, later,	for, since, because

2. Fill in the gaps with the right part of speech of the words in

capitals.

1. The ----------- of the transistor made personal computers possible. INVENT

b) Any ------------- data should be confirmed experimentally. THEORY

c) I’ve always wanted to be a ------------. SCIENCE

d) The ---------- of these huge ice sheets must have led to the destruction of all

organic life at the Earth’s surface. DEVELOP

e) What ------------ reaction is going on now? CHEMISTRY

f) Hubble’s brilliant -------------- was that the red shift of galaxies was directly

proportional to the distance of the galaxy from earth. OBSERVE

g) Nicolai Lobachevsky was a great Russian -------------- MATHEMATICS

h) Livingstone was the first European to make an ----------- of the Zambezi river.

EXPLORE

i) I’m afraid this device isn’t accurate enough to do all necessary ------------.

MEASURE

j) The ----------- of America forms the beginning of a new period, both in modern history and in modern geography. DISCOVER

k) I’m sure this new digital device will find widespread -------------. APPLY

l) Their greatest --------------- was the discovery of DNA. ACCOMPLISH

m) The product of two numbers is called --------------. MULTIPLY

n) He was awarded the Nobel Prize for --------------- Black Holes.

INVESTIGATE

3. Read students’ jokes about the laboratory work. Decide which answer

A, B, C or D best fits each space. With your partner compare the results of this activity.

Example: (0) A

Rules of the Lab

If an (0) experiment works, something has gone wrong.

When you don't know what you're doing, do it (1) _____________.

Experiments must be (2) -----------, they should fail the same way each time.

First (3)---------- your curves, then plot your (4) -----------.

(5)------------ is directly proportional to (6) ----------- ruined.

Always keep a (7)---------- of your data. It indicates that you have been working.

To do a lab really well, have your (8) -------------- done well in advance.

If you can't get the answer in the usual manner, start at the answer and derive the (9)-----------.

In case of doubt, make it sound (10) ---------------.

Do not believe in (11) ------------- – (12) ------------- on them.

(13)------------ is essential, it allows you to (14)------------- someone else.

All (15) ------------- beakers (16) ------------- fast acting, extremely (17) ---------- poisons.

No experiment is a complete (18) -------------. At least it can serve as a (19) ------------- example.

Any delicate and expensive piece of (20) -------------- will break before any use can be made of it.

	A	B	C
1)	tidily	clearly	neatly
2)	repeated	reproducible	deducible
3)	paint	draw	depict
4)	data	numbers	lines
5)	ideas	payment	experience
6)	reputation	hopes	equipment
7)	diary	record	notice
8)	report	documents	story
9)	remark	request	question
10)	unusual	convincing	similar
11)	miracles	wonders	obstacles
12)	rely	depend	insist
13)	collaboration	arguments	teamwork
14)	respect	help	blame
15)	unmarked	opaque	coloured
16)	include	contain	pour
17)	toxic	flavoured	smelly
18)	success	achievement	failure
19)	optimistic	negative	distructive
20)	glassware	china	substance

4. Explain the difference between the words:

• to invent - to patent

• experiment - observation

• to be nominated for a prize - to be awarded a prize

• technology - technique

• award - reward

5. Comment on the following sayings:

• Our inventions mirror our secret wishes. Lawrence George Durrell

• A moment's insight is sometimes worth a life's experience. Sr. Oliver endell Holmes

• We invent what we love, and what we fear. John Irving

• Where a new invention promises to be useful, it ought to be tried. Thomas Jefferson

• Invention, strictly speaking, is little more than a new combination of those images which have been previously gathered and deposited in the memory; nothing can come of nothing. Sir Joshua Reynolds

• To make an apple pie from scratch, we must first invent the universe. Carl Sagan

• The greatest inventions were produced in the times of ignorance, as the use of the compass, gunpowder, and printing. Jonathan Swift

• Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody else has thought. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi

• Invention is the mother of necessity. Thorstein Veblen

• The guns and bombs, the rockets and the warships, all are symbols of human failure. Lyndon B. Johnson

• An inventor is simply a person who doesn't take his education too seriously. You see, from the time a person is six years old until he graduates form college he has to take three or four examinations a year. If he flunks once, he is out. But an inventor is almost always failing. He tries and fails maybe a thousand times. It he succeeds once then he's in. These two things are diametrically opposite. We often say that the biggest job we have is to teach a newly hired employee how to fail intelligently. We have to train him to experiment over and over and to keep on trying and failing until he learns what will work. Charles F. Kettering

• Accident is the name of the greatest of all inventors. Mark Twain

• The experimenter who does not know what he is looking for will not understand what he finds. Claude Bernard

• Every new body of discovery is mathematical in form, because there is no other guidance we can have.

• Every new body of discovery is mathematical in form, because there is no other guidance we can have. Charles Robert Darwin

• The discovery of nuclear reactions need not bring about the destruction of mankind any more than the discovery of matches. Albert Einstein

• No great discovery was ever made without a bold guess. Sir Isaac Newton

• All great discoveries are made by men whose feelings run ahead of their thinkings. Dr. Charles Henry Parkhurst

6. Work in teams. Think of 3 words with each prefix from the list below.

Example: bicycle, extraordinary, decimal, etc.

1. tele-	6. mono-	11. semi-
2. aero-	7. bi-	12. multi-
3. photo-	8. super-	13. dec-
4. micro-	9. extra-	14. trans-
5. auto-	10. hydro-

7. See how quickly you can find the answer to this rather long sum.

Four add two, divide by three, subtract one, multiply by eight, take away four, times three, plus two, minus four, halved, equals what?

Each one teach one

Work on your own. Make a list of 10 international and ‘false friends’ words. Ask your fellow student to sort them out.

Self study

”Inventions and discoveries that shaped the world history” Your faculty has announced the contest on interactive posters celebrating outstanding discoveries/inventions. You are going to participate in the contest. The following questions will help you to create your poster. QUESTIONS TO GUIDE YOU: When and where was it invented or discovered? Was it done by accident or purposefully? Was a joint or independent invention/discovery? Was the invention/discovery of theoretical or practical value? Did it find immediate practical application? What are the benefits and the downsides of the invention/discovery? SITES TO SEARCH: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/ http://science.discovery.com/convergence/100discoveries/big100/big100.html http://encarta.msn.com/artcenter_0/Encyclopedia_Articles.html#tcsel http://www.fi.edu/tfi/hotlists/physical.html http://www.newtown.tased.edu.au/resources/disciplines/science.htm http://archives.math.utk.edu/topics/history.html http://www.npr.org/programs/re/archivesdate/1999/geocentury/index.html Do not forget to include an image or photo of the invention/discovery or inventor/discoverer.

“There are no passengers on Spaceship Earth.

We are all crew.”

Marshall McLuhan