Discuss

• How often do you go to a library?

• How many libraries are there in your city? Are they well equipped?

• What is the most popular library in your city? Why?

• When do you need to work in the university library? What kind of

information can you find there?

Reading

1. Work with a partner. Think about the libraries of the future. What will they

be like? Will technology change the libraries and the way we learn? Write three predictions. Discuss your ideas as a class.

2. Match the words and phrases on the left with their explanations on the right:

the upsurge	massive and awkward
obsolete	an electronic book
to seize to exist	able to be obtained or used
to update resources	rise
an E-book	old and useless
available	to bring up to date
bulky and cumbersome	to disappear

3. Read the text quickly and check the author’s opinion on the future of libraries.

Technology and Libraries

What will become of our libraries with the upsurge of technology, which is starting to happen now with in our society? Will books become obsolete within the libraries? Will our future societies use only computers or E-Books when going to the library? How will our children learn in the future, will they use paper books or will they use the computer? These are only just a few questions that people today are beginning to ask. There are many other questions that are left unanswered; however, I think these are the questions that many people think about today.

As everyone knows our society is changing fast, sometimes too fast. Everywhere you look there are computers, some small, and some big. Either way we all use some type of technology everyday of almost every minute of our lives. Libraries are changing just as fast too. They have to in order to keep up with the changing societies, otherwise if they don't people will not use them and libraries will seize to exist. To keep that from happening libraries must update their resources.

To some people it is hard to keep up with our everyday changing of

technology. They don't want anything to happen to libraries and they want a library to stay as it was thirty years ago. They say that the card catalogue should be available to those who do not want to use the computers within the library. Sadly to say I don't think many libraries have the card catalogue anymore. Most libraries are now computerized.

Some libraries are now using E-Books, which are another type of technology. What are E-Books you ask? Well, E-Books are small computers that can hold your standard size book, however, only the book itself is stored on a disk or a chip inside the computer. E-books can hold many large size novels, which actually helps so you don't have to carry a lot of books at once. However, some libraries consider them to be too bulky and cumbersome for people to carry around. Also, E-Books cost a lot of money and libraries are limited to how much they can spend. Yet there are libraries that have begun to get them.

E-Books seem to be a pretty good idea for libraries, but until they go down in cost very few libraries will have them available for the public.

Libraries are part of our society and we rely on them. They will definitely change along with our society, and it is unlikely that we will lose our books. They will always be a part of us one way or another.

(Adapted from the site http://caxton.stockton.edu/HS6/stories/storyReader$5)

Comprehension check

1. Answer the following questions.

1. Does the author sound optimistic or pessimistic about the future of libraries?

2. What should libraries be like not to disappear?

3. What is an E-book?

4. Why E-books are not so widely available for the public?

5. What fact about modern libraries upsets the author? Why?

Speaking

1. Read the abstract of the article and answer the questions that follow:

“DESINING A KNOWLEDGE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR ARITHMETIC CONCEPTS”

Abstract – A knowledge-based learning environment, called ENIGMA, has been developed. This system is centred on an arithmetic game and is intended at being used in teaching arithmetic in primary /secondary school level (pupils from 9 to 12). The underlying pedagogical choices of the system are analysed and the corresponding technical solutions which have been adopted are illustrated.

1. What kind of information about the article is presented?

Study help Abstract is a brief summary of a journal article or other library resource that classifies, evaluates, or describes the important points of the content Abstracts can save you time by helping you identify the best articles on your topic.

2. How long is it?

3. Does it follow any pattern?

4. What grammar tenses and voice are used?

5. What is the purpose of an abstract?

6. Who would be interested in the paper?

7. How can readers benefit form reading an abstract?

Writing

Search the Internet or popular science magazines to find an interesting article. Write an abstract to the article. Present your abstracts to the whole class.

In the Realm of Science

1. Some letters of Greek alphabet are widely used in many natural sciences especially in mathematics. Learn how to read some of them.

Capital and small	Name	English equivalent	Russian
A α	a [′ælf?]	a	альфа
B β	beta [′bi:t?] / [′beit?]	b	бета
Γ γ	gamma [′gæm?]	g	гамма
Δ δ	delta [′delt?]	d	дельта
Λ λ	lambda [′læmbd?]	l	лямбда
Μ μ	mu [′mju]	m	ми/мю
Ξ ξ	xi [′ksai]	n	кси
Π π	pi [′pai]	p	пи
Σ σ	sigma [′sigm?]	s	сигма
Ώ ω	omega [′oυmig?]	o	омега

What are the other well-known letters from the Greek alphabet?

2. Many English words and word parts can be traced back to Greek. The following table lists some common Greek roots.

Greek root	Basic meaning	Example words
-anthrop-	human	misanthrope, philanthropy, anthropomorphic
-chron-	time	anachronism, chronic, chronicle, synchronize, chronometer
-dem-	people	democracy, demography, demagogue, endemic, pandemic
-morph-	form	amorphous, metamorphic, morphology
-path-	feeling, suffering	empathy, sympathy, apathy, apathetic, psychopathic
-pedo-, -ped-	child, children	pediatrician, pedagogue
-philo-, -phil-	having a strong affinity or love for	philanthropy, philharmonic, philosophy
-phon-	sound	polyphonic, cacophony, phonetics

3. Here are some library terms you should know.

Annotation	a critical or subjective evaluation of a piece of work, usually included in a bibliography or citation.
Article	a contribution written by one or more persons and published in a periodical or as part of a book.
Autobiography	a written account of a person’s life written by that person
Archives	a special collection or collections that house the records of organizations, governments, universities, etc. considered worthy to be kept permanently and as nearly as possible in their original form.
Bibliography	a list of books and/or other materials written by one author or on one subject and having something in common with each other.
Biography	a written account of a person’s life.
Boolean operators	the words AND, OR, or NOT used to combine search terms in a database.
Call Number	the unique numbers and letters given to each item in a library used to identify and locate the item
Catalogue	a list of books, journals, maps, or other items in a collection, a library, or a group of libraries. It is cross-referenced for easy searching.
Citation	an identifying reference to a text. Usually includes the title, author, and publishing information
Edition	the whole number of copies of a work issued from one setting of type
Glossary	an alphabetical list of terms within a subject field together with definitions.
Loan Period	the period of time which is allowed for the use of library materials.
Online Catalogue	electronic, searchable database which contains a listing of the library’s collection.
Paper	a piece of writing on a particular subject written by an expert in that subject and usually published in a book or journal.
Plagiarism	"to copy the writings of another person and publish the same as original work."
Record	the complete collection of related data found in an electronic catalog or index which describes a single book or article in that database
References	a list of publications referred to by the author of a paper or book. Also called "Works Cited" or "Bibliography."
Subject	the word or phrase which describes a theme of a literary work
Truncation	using the root word with a truncation symbol in an online search to find all items containing that root and different endings. (Ex. word* (in certain databases) would find word, words, wording, etc.)

(Adapted from the site http://library.mtsu.edu/help/terms.php)

Unit 2 Progress Monitoring In this unit you have worked on the following vocabulary related to the topic “Information search” an issue of a magazine/journal to cite a source to publish an article/ book/magazine, etc to update resources to collect reliable/historically relevant/ valuable sources to contain audio-visual/multimedia materials/computer databases print/electronic magazines/books, etc. to become obsolete a large collection of periodicals to be available for the public to subscribe to a magazine/journal, etc. the contents of a book/magazine to cover specific topics/narrow fields of research to provide overviews on a vide variety of topics sources for up-to-date information to comprise manuscripts popular/scholarly sources/periodicals to share knowledge graphics/drawings/charts to store information on a disk or chip Tick (V) the points you are confident about and cross (X) the ones you need to revise.

Unit 3 Review

1. Put these instructions for truncating back a URL in the correct sequence.

a) Stop when you reach the first single / which is preceded by the domain name

portion.

b) This is the page's server or "publisher."

c) In the top Location Box, delete the end characters of the URL stopping just

before each /.

d) Press enter to see if you can see more about the author or the origins/nature

of the site providing the page.

e) Continue this process, one slash (/) at a time.

2. Make these sentences passive.

a) Wilhelm Schickard made the first known adding machine.

b) MIT’s laboratories carry out a great deal of research.

c) The fact that biological sciences are more popular with school leavers than

computer science surprised me.

d) You should know the procedure of the experiment before you start doing it.

e) The NASA specialists are planning to launch a space platform to Jupiter.

f) The BBC Company has released a new documentary series about space

research.

3. Change these sentences to emphasize each part in turn.

1. In 2002, the Egyptian government supported the building of the modern Bibliotheca Alexandria.

2. Possibly Julius Caesar burnt the Bibliotheca Alexandria as part of his campaign to conquer the city.

3. Libraries have large collections of information on a variety of carefully selected and organized topics.

4. I don’t understand what to do with this load of information I’ve found for

the project work.

5. General encyclopedias provide overviews on a wide variety of topics.

6. At Alexandria Euclid discovered the rules of geometry.

7. Basic adult literacy covers three skills- prose, document, and quantitative.

4. Spot the odd one out. Explain your choice.

1. library internet www database

2. journal magazine periodicals newspaper

3. biography footnotes glossary publisher

5. Explain the difference between these pairs:

• journal - magazine

• encyclopedia - WWW

• book - e-book

• reviews - illustrations

• lend - borrow

• biography - autobiography

• footnotes - glossary

• author - publisher

• contents page - index

• paper - article

6. Divide into 5 teams. Each group completes word webs for the words information (adjectives), information (verbs), book (adjectives), knowledge (adjectives), knowledge (verbs) using its own colour marker. Mind maps are rotated every 1 minute, then the results are checked in class. The team that works out the majority of combinations is the winner.

6. Read the following sayings. Write a paragraph commenting on one of them you like most.