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- •§ 2. Forms of the infinitive.
- •§ 3. The 'to-infinitive' is used:
- •§ 4. The bare infinitive is used:
- •§ 5. The negative. We form the negative of a to-infinitive by putting not before to. I soon learned not to conflict with the manager. § 6. We use the infinitive:
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •Attorney;
- •Prosecutor.
- •Interest rents leased depreciation
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 1. The passive: general information. Active voice and passive voice.
- •§ 2. Forms of the passive. Passives can be formed in the following ways:
- •§ 3. Transitive and intransitive verbs.
- •§ 4. Uses of the passive.
- •I. Reading the Russian newspaper
- •1.1. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English. Покупатель всегда прав
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •Inherited income
- •I Reading the English newspaper
- •I.L. Read the newspaper article and decide what the do's and the don'ts for business communication of foreign partners are.
- •1.2. Memory Test.
- •1.3. Vocabulary.
- •I. Case study
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English. «Самостоятельный налоговый учет будет не нужен»
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 2. The use of present participle:
- •§ 3. A present participle phrase replacing a main clause:
- •§ 4. A present participle phrase replacing a subordinate clause:
- •§ 5. The perfect participle (active):
- •Including underlying encouraging running
- •It is generally agreed that the banking system is malfunctioning, and the amount of credit outstanding is in steady decline.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •In Search of Those Elusive Returns
- •I. Translation
- •I. Speak up
- •1.1. Answer the questions.
- •1.2. Discussion topics.
- •1.3. Read the paragraph from the text "Keynes revisited" and answer the questions.
- •§ 2. Functions:
- •§ 3. Use. The gerund can be used in the following ways:
- •5) Shambles; e) to rearrange especially so as to perform different work
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 1. Inversion after adverbs. Sometimes in a sentence the normal subject-verb order can be reversed. Such cases are called inversion.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 2. The use of the causative for things. The causative is similar to the passive. We focus on what is done to something or someone, not on what is someone does.
- •§ 3. The use of the causative for people. The causative with verbs like coach, instruct, prepare, teach and train can refer to things we cause to be done to other people.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •I.L. Read the Russian article and render it using the following words and expressions:
- •1.2. Questions for discussion.
- •International Trade
- •International Specialization
- •1.1. Interview.
- •1.2. Case study.
- •Include awardedbe worth suppliers
- •International Trade:
- •Учебник для вузов
1.2. Questions for discussion.
Do you agree with the author of the article that Europe is our second 'Motherland?
In your opinion what is the most reliable partner for Russia — Europe or the USA? Prove your point of view.
Case study
J.l. Here is an abstract from the article "Dark Skies to the East" published in "The Economist" on February 21st, 2004. Read the abstract and do the tasks.
Dark Skies to the East
Can Russia, after centuries of autocracy and imperialism, be turned into a sort of nice democratic country that gets along easily with its European neighbours? The answer seems to be: not for a while yet, to judge from a policy paper released by the European Commission, which suggests that relations between the Union and Russia are close to a post-Soviet low.
The Commission calls for "discussing Russian practices that run counter to universal and European values." It says Russia has problems with democracy, human rights and press freedom. It points to rows over the environment, trade, border regimes and technical co-operation. It says aid to Russia has had "at best mixed" results: and it chides Russia for "assertive" behaviour towards neighbours.
The EU will embrace ten countries in all, seven of which were subjects or satellites of the Soviet Union. As these countries impose tight EU visa rules and close their markets to Russian goods Russia has been jolted into realizing that EU enlargement will effect it much more in practical terms than the eastward advance by the NATO.
So Russia has redirected its diplomatic firepower. It wants to renegotiate its "partnership and co-operation agreement" with the EU. It has put forward a list of 14 big items — from trade concessions to visa-free travel — that it wants brought into the negotiations.
J.2. Write down the Pros and Cons of the joining the EU.
Pros |
Cons |
|
|
J.3. Make an interview of a western journalist with the Russian government official about the perspectives of the "joined Europe."
J.4. Think of and discuss the mutual claims of Russian and the European Union and their possible relationships.
Unit 14
International Trade
A. Preliminary discussion
What are the major Russian exports and imports?
Do you think international trade affects consumption possibilities?
What is the World Trade Organization (WTO) and how does it help foster multilateral trade?
B. Pre-reading exercises
B.l. Skim the text and give its key idea. B.2. Scan the text and answer the questions.
What is the essence of international specialization?
What is a surplus? Give an example.
What are visibles and invisibles? Give examples.
What is the definition of "import duties"?
What is embargo?
C Reading
C.l. Read the text and answer the questions.
Why does the United Kingdom need to sell to other countries?
Flow do we call goods and services sold to other countries? Analyze this process.
What differences in language do you know?
What company can act like an insurance one and why?
Who may provide different goods and services?
What for are bonded warehouses used?
What are the main features of bonded warehouses?
8. What are the functions of HM Customs and Excise?
9. How are taxes on imports collected in HM Custom and Excise? 10. When can quotas be imposed? Give an example.