- •300.Piter.Com
- •300 Лучших учебников для высшей школы в честь 300-летия Санкт-Петербурга
- •Isbn 5-469-00341-8
- •§ 2. Forms of the infinitive.
- •§ 3. The 'to-infinitive' is used:
- •§ 4. The bare infinitive is used:
- •§ 5. The negative. We form the negative of a to-infinitive by putting not before to. I soon learned not to conflict with the manager. § 6. We use the infinitive:
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •Attorney;
- •Prosecutor.
- •Interest rents leased depreciation
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 1. The passive: general information. Active voice and passive voice.
- •§ 2. Forms of the passive. Passives can be formed in the following ways:
- •§ 3. Transitive and intransitive verbs.
- •§ 4. Uses of the passive.
- •I. Reading the Russian newspaper
- •1.1. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English. Покупатель всегда прав
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •Inherited income
- •I Reading the English newspaper
- •I.L. Read the newspaper article and decide what the do's and the don'ts for business communication of foreign partners are.
- •1.2. Memory Test.
- •1.3. Vocabulary.
- •I. Case study
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English. «Самостоятельный налоговый учет будет не нужен»
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 2. The use of present participle:
- •§ 3. A present participle phrase replacing a main clause:
- •§ 4. A present participle phrase replacing a subordinate clause:
- •§ 5. The perfect participle (active):
- •Including underlying encouraging running
- •It is generally agreed that the banking system is malfunctioning, and the amount of credit outstanding is in steady decline.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •In Search of Those Elusive Returns
- •I. Translation
- •I. Speak up
- •1.1. Answer the questions.
- •1.2. Discussion topics.
- •1.3. Read the paragraph from the text "Keynes revisited" and answer the questions.
- •§ 2. Functions:
- •§ 3. Use. The gerund can be used in the following ways:
- •5) Shambles; e) to rearrange especially so as to perform different work
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 1. Inversion after adverbs. Sometimes in a sentence the normal subject-verb order can be reversed. Such cases are called inversion.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •§ 2. The use of the causative for things. The causative is similar to the passive. We focus on what is done to something or someone, not on what is someone does.
- •§ 3. The use of the causative for people. The causative with verbs like coach, instruct, prepare, teach and train can refer to things we cause to be done to other people.
- •I.L. Read the article, find key sentences and translate them into English.
- •1.2. Render the article using the active vocabulary.
- •I.L. Read the Russian article and render it using the following words and expressions:
- •1.2. Questions for discussion.
- •International Trade
- •International Specialization
- •1.1. Interview.
- •1.2. Case study.
- •Include awardedbe worth suppliers
- •International Trade:
- •Учебник для вузов
§ 2. Forms of the infinitive.
Tense |
Voice |
|
active |
passive |
|
present infinitive |
(to) ask |
(to) be asked |
present progressive infinitive |
(to) be asking |
— |
perfect or past infinitive |
(to) have asked |
(to) have been asked |
perfect/past progressive infinitive |
(to) have been asking |
— |
Passive Present Progressive and Perfect Progressive infinitives are rarely used.
The Present Infinitive refers to the present or future. We plan to reduce our energy consumption in the New Year. The present Progressive Infinitive expresses an action happening now. We appear to be making very good progress. The Perfect Infinitive is used to show that the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the verb. The problem seems to have occurred during the night. The Perfect Progressive Infinitive is used to emphasize the duration of the action of the infinitive, which happened before the action of the main verb. He looks tired. He seems to have been working all night.
§ 3. The 'to-infinitive' is used:
to express purpose. He went to university to become a manager,
after certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse, etc.). She refused to pay the bill,
after certain adjectives (happy, glad, sorry, etc.). We were happy to open a new store)
after 'I would like/would love/would prefer' to express specific preference. I'd like to see the manager,
after certain nouns. What a surprise to see you here! Our decision to wait was wise. It was her wish to help us;
after 'too/enough' constructions. We've got enough money to pay the;
with: 'it' + 'be' + adjective (+ of + noun/pronoun). It was generous of him to offer $ 1000;
with: 'so' + adjective + 'as'. Would you be so kind as to help me?
with 'only' to express an unsatisfactory result. She came in only to find the manager had left)
after: 'be + the first/second/etc/next/last/best', etc. He is ahvays the last to come to work;
in the expression: 'for' + noun/pronoun + to-infinitive. For him to be so rude was unforgivable;
in expressions such as: to tell you the truth, to begin with, to be honest, etc. To tell you the truth, this company has a very stable position in the market;
after: verb + 'how/what/when/where/which/why\ / didn't know how to explain my absence.
§ 4. The bare infinitive is used:
after: most modal verbs (can, must, will, etc.). The meeting will be held at 2;
after: 'had better/would rather/would sooner'. You'd better call our distributors at once;
after: 'make/let/see/hear/feeP + object. They made him pay for the damage. But: in the passive: be made/ be heard/ be seen + to infinitive. He was made to pay for the damage;
'know' and 'help' are followed by a to-infinitive or bare infinitive. Could you help me (to) fill in this form? But: in the passive: be known, be helped + to infinitive. This company is known to be reliable.