Завдання 4. Перепишіть наступні речення, підкреслюючи в кожному з них модальне дієслово або його еквівалент; перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1. I can’t find my dictionary. May I take your’s?

2. The students can read English books in the original.

3. You mustn’t use your dictionary when doing this exercise.

4. We shall have to go there tomorrow.

5. When they have spare time they will be able to visit British Museum.

Завдання 5. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст. Спираючись на інформацію подану в тексті, вирішіть, які ствердження відповідають дійсності(+), а які містять невірну інформацію(-).

1. The original inhabitants of the US were Ukrainians and Chinese.

2. The USA has been called “a melting pot” of cultures.

3. Chicago is the most populated city in the US.

4. Florida is the largest state in the USA.

5. Alaska is the smallest state in the US.

The original inhabitants of the US are the American Indians, the Alaska Aleuts and the native Hawaiians. The population of these groups is small compared to that of the other US citizens who are immigrants from all over the world and include English, Irish, Polish, Asian, and Mexican descendants to name a few. Furthermore, America has a large population of African Americans, as well as Hispanic Americans who are originally from Latin America. That is why the USA has been called a melting pot of cultures. The official language is English, and is referred to as “American English”. The second most widely spoken language in the country is Spanish.

The East Coast States, New York being the most populated city, are marked for their forests, mountains, beaches and picturesque lakes. The Midwestern States are reffered to as the “heartland” of the nation because they lie in the middle of the country. The Midwest has vast areas of flat and fertile land. Chicago, one of the world’s busiest cities is located there. The Southern States, such as Tennessee and Florida are also fertile and have moist, subtropical climate. The next are the Western Interior States, which include amazing natural scenery such as the Rocky Mountains, the Grand Canyon and the Arizona Desert. The Pacific Coast States like California and Hawaii have a mild climate and fertile valleys. The last but not the least is Alaska, the largest state in the US but also the least populated.

The Passive Voice

Пасивний стан (Passive Voice) утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be у відповідному часі активного стану і дієприкметника минулого часу (Participle II) відмінюваного дієслова.

to be + Participle II

Дієслово в пасивному стані означає дію, яка спрямована на підмет.

Present Simple	am/are/is + Participle II	The office is locked every evening.
Present Continuous	am/are/is + being + Participle II	The house is being painted at the moment.
Past Simple	was/were + Participle II	My car was stolen last night.
Past Continuous	was/were + being + Participle II	My shoes were being repaired last week.
Present Perfect	have/has + been + Participle II	Ann has been invited to the birthday party.
Past Perfect	had + been + Participle II	I thought that you had been told the news.
Future Simple	shall/will + be + Participle II	He will be asked tomorrow.
Future Perfect	shall/will + have + been + Participle II	We shall have been asked tomorrow till 10 a.m.

Note: Дієслова в пасивному стані в англійській мові не вживаються в Future Continuous та в усіх часах групи Perfect Continuous.

Passive Voice часто використовується:

а) коли невідомо хто або що є виконавцем дії

My car was stolen last night - Моя машина була викрадена минулої ночі.

в) коли нас не цікавить виконавець дії

The factory was painted during the war. – Фабрику пофарбували за часів війни.

Додаток в реченні з дієсловом-присудком в пасивному стані використовується з прийменником by або with.

Додаток з прийменником by виражає діючу особу або діючу силу.

The radio was invented by Marconi.

A number of trees were blown down by strong winds.

Додаток з прийменником with виражає знаряддя дії, речовину або складові частини.

I was hit with an umbrella.

The room was filled with smoke.

English tea is made with cream.