Can, may, must and their equivalents

Час	Вміння, здатність, можливість виконати дію	Дозвіл, прохання, припущення, можливість	Обов'язок, необхідність
Present Indefinite	She can speak English - Вона уміє розмовляти англійською. Can you do it now?- Tи можеш зробити це зараз?	May I ask you a question? - Можна вас запитати? She may be in the library now. - Можливо вона зараз у бібліотеці.	Students must attend all the classes regularly. - Студенти повинні (це їх обов'язок) відвідувати всі заняття.
Past Indefinite	Не could not come yesterday: he was ill. - Він не зміг прийти вчора: він був хворий.	Не said I might go home. - Він сказав, що я можу йти додому (непряма мова).	І had to work hard in order to finish my work by 8. - Мені треба було (довелося) добре попрацювати, щоб закінчити роботу до восьмої.
Future Indefinite	They will be able to finish their work in time. - Вони зможуть закінчити свою роботу вчасно.	The students will be allowed to use dictionaries. - Студентам дозволять користуватися словниками. Note: May I smoke here? You must not. > Категоричне заперечення	You will have to join our group because your students have not come. - Вам доведеться приєднатися до нашої групи, бо ваші студенти не прийшли.

Контрольна робота №4

Варіант II

Для виконання контрольної роботи необхідно опрацювати такі теми з граматики:

• Пасивний стан (The Passive Voice) видо-часових форм: Indefinite (=Simple) (Present, Past, Future), Perfect (Present, Past);

• Модальні дієслова та їх еквіваленти:

• can (could), to be able to, may, must, to have to.

Завдання 1. Прочитайте текст та зробіть його письмовий переклад. Some facts about Great Britain

Great Britain, formally known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of Great Britain, Ireland and some 5,500 smaller islands. The total area of the United Kingdom is 244,027 square kilometres. Great Britain is divided into 92 administrative counties. The largest island in north-west Europe — Great Britain — is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea, and from the Continent by the English Chan­nel (the Strait of Dover).

The surface of England and Ireland is rather flat. The highest mountain in the United Kingdom is Ben Nevis in Scotland (1343 m). There are many rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. The rivers are deep and do not freeze in winter. The chief rivers are the Severn (220 miles) and the Thames (215 miles).

Great Britain is known for its typically maritime climate with frequent rains, strong winds and continuous fogs.

The population of Great Britain is nearly 56 million people.

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Queen Eli­zabeth II is the head of the state. In practice she reigns but does not rule. The country is governed in her name by the Government. Parliament is the supreme legislative body. It consists of two Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Prime Minister is usually the head of the party which is in power.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Shipbuilding is one of the principal industries of Great Britain. For centuries Britain has been the leading shipbuilder in the world.

Coal is the main source for the development of British industry. The biggest centres of iron and steel industries are situated in the neighbourhood of coal basins. They are Middlesborough, Newcastle, Cardiff, Glasgow, Sheffield. The dis­trict around Birmingham is a land of factories and mines.

Coal-mining, metallurgy, textile, shipbuilding are the older branches of industry. The new industries are the chemical, electrotechnical, automobile, aviation and electronics. The new industries have developed hand in hand with science and tech­nology and are equipped to meet present technical demands. Agriculture is one of the largest and most important activities in Great Britain. The greater part of the land here is used for sheep-, cattle-, and dairy farming. Vegetables are grown in all parts of the country. The chief grain crops are wheat and barley.

London is one of the world's three largest cities. It is one of the world's most important ports and it is the capital of Great Britain.

Завдання 2. Перекладіть українською мовою наступні слова та вирази з тексту. Будьте готові до письмового контролю лексики.

To consist, to be divided, to be separated, a surface, flat, maritime, frequent, a parliamentary monarchy, to reign, to be governed, the supreme body, shipbuilding, principal, neighbourhood, to be equipped, present technical demands, chief grain crops.

Завдання 3. Перепишіть речення вставляючи дієслова у дужках у відповідній граматичній формі Passive Voice.

1. New bills (to introduce) and (to debate) in the House of Commons.

2. Great Britain (to divide) into 92 administrated countries.

3. An interesting article (to publish) in the last edition of this magazine.

4. The houses (to destroy) by a wind-storm last year.

5. Fine houses, beautiful churches including St. Paul’s Cathedral (to design) by Christopher Wren.

6. The article (to discuss) at the lesson today.

7. Many new products (to produce) at our plant this year.

8. An important experiment (to carry out) (already).

9. This work (to finish) by 2 p.m. yesterday.

10. That new method (to apply) by the end of the last year.

11. The dictation (to write) without mistakes.

12. When this book (to return) to the library?