Упражнение 23. Переведите предложения на русский язык и объясните различия в употреблении артиклей и переводе.

1. The kangaroo carries its young in a pouch. A kan- garoo carries its young in a pouch. 2.1 bought the vase at the jumbie-sale. I bought a vase at the jumble-sale. 3. The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world. A gi- raffe is the tallest animal in the world.

Определенный артикль ставится: перед фами- лиями, когда имеется в виду вся семья; перед на- званиями пароходов, отелей и газет; перед назва- ниями представителей данной национальности (обычно во множественном числе).

Упражнение 24. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.

1. ... Japanese are ... industrious people. 2. ... "Ti- tanic" sank in 1910. 3. ... "Metropol" is ... luxurious hotel. 4. N. lived in ... "Grand Hotel". 5. ... "Daily Worker" is ... famous newspaper. 6. ... Russians like ... tea. 7.... French eat... snails. 8.... Germans make ... lot of... beer.

Упражнения на повторение пройденного материала

Упражнение 25. Переведите на русский язык, объяс- ните употребление артиклей.

1. A boy broke the window and ran away. 2.1 saw a funny film last night. 3. The computer has revolution- ized our lives. 4. Alexander Bell invented the tele-

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phone in 1876. 5. I've just bought a dish-washer, a re- frigerator and a washing-machine. The fridge was a real bargain! 6. I heard it on the radio last night.

7. How real is the freedom of the press in our western society? 8. The Church suffered persecution in the Russia of Stalin.

Упражнение 26. Переведите на русский язык, объ- ясните употребление артиклей.

1.1. The panda is in danger of extinction. 1.2. John is a fool. 1.3.1 found John a fool. 1.4. He became a pi- lot in 1968.

2.1. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. 2.2. A number of people have lost their lives in the ex- ploration of space. 2.3. Alcohol is a socially accepted drug.

3.1. He plays the leading part. 3.2. Michael is the best actor.

Упражнение 27. Переведите на русский язык, объясните употребление артиклей.

1. Can I have a biscuit and a coffee, please? 2. Can I have wine and cheese, please? 3. I've bought an apple ind a pear. 4. William the Conqueror wanted to be King of England. 5. The kids are at school. 6, They got married in church. 7. He went to sea when he was 18.

7. He was sent to prison for murder and arson. 9. She lias been in hospital for six weeks now. 10. I've always wanted to go to university. 11. I'll take you to court over this. 12. He's in town today. 13.1 walked past the school this morning.

Упражнение 28. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо. 1. — Why don't you stay for ... tea?

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2. — We have ... breakfast at eight.

3. — ... dinner is ready!

4. — What did you have for ... supper?

5. — ... lunch is served at 12.30 p.m.

' ———— V

Без артикля используются следующие кон- струкции:

to travel by bicycle/bus/car/boat/train/plane; at dawn, at daybreak, at sunset, at noon, at dusk, at twilight, at night, by night, by day, after sunset, before dawn. Ho: during the day.

Упражнение 29. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.

1. ... children traveled to ... grandmother by ... bi- cycle. 2. ... Dutch travel by ... boats. 3. During ... day Mike made ... lot of ... work. 4. At ... noon Jane has to go to ... dentist. 5. At... sunrise she left... house. 6. Af- ter ... sunset... light is turned on in ... houses. 7. ... day was wonderful, ... sun shone in ... sky, and there were no clouds in it.

Запомните: артикль не употребляется в выра- жениях arm in arm, hand in hand, face to face, back to back, from father to son, from left to right, hus- band and wife.

Упражнение 30. Переведите на русский язык, объясните употребление артиклей.

1. They have lived together as husband and wife for forty years. 2. He turned his head from left to right. 3. Heritage moves from father to son. 4. Old enemies met face to face. 5. The documents were given hand in hand. 6. The children stood back to back to see who was taller. 7. They are husband and wife at last.

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Неопределенный артикль употребляется в вы- ражениях a great deal, a great many, a lot (of).

Упражнение 31. Переведите на русский язык.

1.1 have a great deal of work. 2. A great many per- sons speak English. 4. He told me a lot about himself.

4. John knows a great deal about this breed of dogs.

5. A lot of tourists come to Spain in the summer and at the beginning of the autumn. 6. Today I must study a lot of documents. 7. A lot of engineers work on this project. 8. You can find a great many books on this subject in this library.

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Упражнение 32. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Few people know about it. 2. I have few English books. 3. I have a few pencils. 4. He has painted few pictures. 5. A few people know about it. 6. The few people who know about it will tell us nothing. 7.1 know little. 8.1 know a little about it. 9. He forgot the little he knew. 10. He told me many a story. 11. He told me many stories.

most — большинство, a most — один из самых, the most — показатель превосходной степени.

Упражнение 33. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Like most people, he loves his home and his fam- ily. 2. He is a most obliging young man. 3. This is one of the biggest bridges in this area. 4. Henk is one of the most experienced specialists at this enterprise. 5. He is the most obliging young man I have ever known. 6. It was the most luxurious present in all her life. 7. This exam will be the most difficult in this year. 8. Most of the people prefer to spend holidays in the country.

,

next — будущий the next — следующий last — прошлый the last — последний

Когда next, last выражают последовательность, порядок, перед ними употребляется определен- ный артикль; когда же они в сочетании с отрез- ками времени выражают обстоятельство времени, артикль опускается.

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Упражнение 34. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The first month of the year is January; the sec- ond is February, the next is March. 2. The last month of the year is December. 3. I shall go to Moscow next year. 4. He was here last month. 5. He was not present at the last lesson. 6. He was not here last Wednesday.

Упражнение 35. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Have you ... telephone? 2. ... telephone is out of order. 3. Do you like ... dogs? 4. Don't tease ... dog.

5. Never try to stroke ... dog if you don't know it.

6. Where did you have ... coat made? 7. In this store they always have a wide choice of ... coats and ... suits. 8. ... suits are ready-made.

1. Give me ... book to read. 2. ... book I am reading is very interesting. 3. ... water is necessary for life. 4. ... cotton is grown in the south. 5.1 like ... strong tea. 6.... tea is too strong. 7.1 see ... child playing in the garden. 8. ... child playing in the garden is my son.

Упражнение 36. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. It is better to tell... truth than tell... lies.

2. Where is ... hat I bought yesterday?

3. Smith, ... man I told you about, is ... very man. 4.1 like to eat... bread and ... butter in ... morning.

   5. Little Tommy goes to ... school only in ... morning.

   6. He went to ... bed with ... bad cold.

   7. He crossed ... lake in ... record time.

   8. He collects ... butterflies, ... stamps, and ... match-boxes.

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Упражнение 37. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

CHERRY PIE

One day ... little girl entered ... baker's shop and asked:

"Do you sell... pies?"

"Yes, my little girl. What sort of pie would you like?"

"... cherry pie. How much is it?"

"... penny."

"Please give me one."

"I am sorry I have no ... cherry pies today. I have some... mince pies."

"But I want... cherry pie."

"I am all sold out."

"My mother said you sold ... cherry pies."

"Well, so I do, but I am all sold out today."

"My mother said if I gave you ... penny you would give me ... cherry pie."

"So I would if I had any."

"Any what?"

"... cherry pies."

"That's what I want."

"But I haven't any. I have ... mince pies, ... apple pies and ... lemon pies, but no ... cherry pies."

"How much do you want for your ... cherry pies?"

"If I had any, I should let you have as many as you like for ... penny each."

"I have ... penny in my hand."

"But I haven't any ... cherry pies. I am all sold out. Don't you understand?"

"You sold my mother ... cherry pie yesterday for ... penny."

"That is so; I had some to sell yesterday, but today 1 haven't any."

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"This is ... baker's shop, isn't it?" "Of course it is."

"And do you sell... bread and ... cakes and ... pies?"

"Of course I do."

"Then I want... cherry pie."

"... little girl, go home. I shall never have any more < lierry pies to sell. Do you hear? Never any more ■ lierry pies!"

Упражнение 38. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Take ... little tea; it will do you ... lot of good.

2. Out of ... sight, out of ... mind. 3.1 like ... lot of ... sugar in my tea.

   4. ... supper is ... last meal of ... day.

   5. We were served with ... bread and ... butter,... cup of coffee for each of us, and ... jug of ... cream.

(i. This is ... answer to ... problem ... teacher gave us. 7. There won't be another train for at least... hour. K. We had ... dinner together at... good restaurant... yi iterday.

9. ... Danube, ... Volga and ... Thames are three im- portant rivers.

Упражнение 39. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I. Не came to see me ... last week and brought... En- I i :li handbook with him. :'. ... good dictionary is ... great help to ... students. :t. ... last night I met Tommy; he said he would come иге today if ... weather were fine. I. Come to see me on ... Saturday at... latest. •V He works hard by ... day and sleeps soundly at... Itfht.

i. ... help came at ... last and ... swimmer was res- ted.

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Упражнение 40. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Many years ago ... tea was unknown in ... European j countries. Many people didn't even know ... word "tea", though drinking ... tea was very popular in ... East.

Once ... young sailor came back from India. He was i ... only son of ... old woman and every time he returned to ... Great Britain from ... far-away country he brought his mother ... gift. Of course, he tried to bring her something unusual, that she could show to hei friends.

This time he brought her ... box of ... tea. ... olc woman didn't know anything about ... tea, but she liked ... smell, and invited all her friends to come anc try it.

When her guests arrived, she invited them to ... din- ing table. ... old woman treated them to ... cakes and ...] fruit and... tealeaves.

When ... sailor entered ... room and saw ... big plate filled with ... tealeaves, he understood everything. He smiled when he saw his mother's friends eating ... tea leaves with ... butter and ... salt.

7. He works every ... day from ... early morning till late at... night.

8. He went into ... inn and asked for ... bread and ... butter.

9. By ... way, — he said, — where is ... shop you told me about?

10. What is ... matter? Have you had ... accident? 11.1 came here by ... train, but you can also come by

... plane if you want to.

12. He goes to ... school very early in ... morning; that is why he goes to ... bed at ... ten o'clock every ... evening.

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They pretended they liked it, but it was clear they didn't enjoy eating ... leaves.

"Where is ... tea, Mother?" ... sailor asked. His mother pointed to ... plate in ... middle of ... table. "No, I his is only ... leaves of ... tea",... sailor said. "Where is ... water?"

"... water!" his mother said. I threw ... water away, of course."

Упражнение 41. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Robert Burns, ... great Scottish poet, loved common people and wrote for them. Though he had little formal education, he was well-read and talanted. He began to be recognized as ... poet when his first poems were pub- I ished in 1786. He was known as ... very witty man.

One day when Burns was walking near ... docks, he heard ... cry for ... help. He ran towards ... water. At i hat moment he saw ... young sailor jump off ... boat

1. hat stood near ... dock.... sailor began to swim towards . man who was calling for ... help. Though it was not

••asy, ... sailor saved ... man.

... man who was saved from drowning was ... very rich merchant. He thanked ... brave sailor and gave li i m ... shilling. ... sailor was embarrassed.

... large crowd of people gathered round them. All... people considered ... sailor to be ... hero. They were dis- pleased when ... rich man gave ... brave soldier only ... hilling.

Many of ... people shouted loudly and protested against it. But... rich merchant did not pay any atten- i ion to them.

At ... moment Robert Burns approached ... crowd a nd wondered what... matter was. He was told ... whole

2. lory.

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He was not surprised at... behavior of ... rich mer- chant and said: "Let him alone. ... gentleman is ... best judge of what his life is worth."

Упражнение 42. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Once Mark Twain was invited to ... opera. He ac- cepted ... invitation. ... box where he had ... seat be- longed to ... very rich man. ... rich man and his wife were very proud because all their friends saw ... fa- mous writer in their box. During ... performance ... man and his wife talked all ... time. They talked loudly and so much that it was often impossible for Mark Twain to listen to ... opera.

Mark Twain was very much annoyed. He liked ...1 music and always enjoyed listening to ... opera.

He realized that neither ... rich man nor ... his wife understood ... music and they came to ... opera just to • show that... famous writer was ... friend of theirs.

Mark Twain was very sorry he had accepted their invitation. But there was no way out. He had to wait until... end.

Towards ... end of ... performance ... rich lady turned to Mark Twain and smiled. She was quite sure that ... famous writer had enjoyed ... opera. So she invited Mark Twain to listen to another opera. She told him that she and her husband would be happy to see him in their box ... following Friday. She added that ... "Carmen" would be on.

The great writer expressed his gratitude for ... invi- tation and said: "That'll be fine. I never heard you in ... "Carmen."

Упражнение 43. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

From (1)... native American Indians who migrated from (2)... Asia 20.000 years ago to (3)... new arrivals

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who now come by planes and boats, (4)... United States i a nation of foreigners. It is (5) ... country of immi- grants who are all united under (6)... single flag.

Back in (7) ... seventeenth and eighteenth centuries lit least 75 percent of the population came from (8) ... England. When (9)... Declaration of Independence was i«'ned in 1776, the revolutionary government was al- most entirely WASP (White, Anglo-Saxon, Protes-

IJUlt).

However, between 1820 and 1975 more than 38 mil- lion immigrants came to this country. Most of these people came from (10)... Europe and arrived at (11)... Ml lis Island in (12) ... harbor of New York. They were escaping from (13) ... famine, war, poverty, or reli- gious persecution, and they considered this young country to be (14)... land of promise.

During (15) ... nineteenth century each national /.-.roup tended to stay close together. As (16)... result, ethnic areas developed, such as (17) ... Little Italy or (18) ... Chinatown in (19) ... city of New York. It was possible to live all one's life without having to speak (20) ... English. Immigrants could attend their own church, eat their own food — in fact, live, work, marry, and die among their own kind, just as in (21)... nld country.

The second generation of these immigrants, how- ever, soon considered this ethnic isolation (22) ... em- barrassment and even (23)... handicap. Many became •:<>lf-conscious and denied their heritage; many refused to learn (24) ... native language of their parents or grandparents. They married other nationalities, moved outside (25) ... ethnic neighborhood, and tried to "Americanize" themselves. This so-called Melting I'ot theory of (26)... social change stressed the impor- tance of blending everyone together into (27) ... kind of

27

stew. Each nationality would contribute its own indi- vidual flavor, but (28) ... final stew would be some- thing called (29)... "American."

This Melting Pot theory continued through the first half of the twentieth century, but (30) ... recipe was never really completely successful. In the last half of this century, (31) ... ethnic revival has changed (32 ...metaphor. Our American society is now seen as (33 ... mosaic. (34) ... Americans are once again proud of their foreign heritage. They do not apologize for their differences. They proclaim their ethnic origins by hy- phenating their nationality: Japanese-American, for (35)... example, or Polish-American, Lebanese-Ameri- can, and so on. (36) ... many ethnic differences in our society are what make (37)... mosaic so colorful and in- teresting.

Упражнение 44. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Не painted ... front door of his house with ... green paint.

2. ... friend of mine has two dogs and ... cat.

3. Put your bag in ... back of ... car.

4. Which is ... quickest way to ... Star Hotel?

5. It is ... pity that ... friends you spoke of have not come.

6. It is better to tell... truth than to tell... lies.

7. We had ... dinner together at ... good restaurant yesterday.

8. ... Thames, ... Seine and ... Rhine are famous riv- ers.

9. ... Chilterns are ... range of ... hills near London.

10. ... mothers often tell ... small children ... stories before bedtime.

11.1 dislike ... towns but I love ... countryside.

12. Where is ... hat that I bought yesterday?

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13. ... hope and ... faith keep men's courage alive.

14. Smith, ... man you met yesterday, is ... honest man.

15. ... horse is ... noble animal and ... faithful ser- vant of... man.

16. ... horses and ... donkeys are used as ... beasts of ... burden in ... many countries.

17. ... Alps are ... highest mountains in ... Europe.

18. He crossed ... Atlantic in ... record time.

19. Little Tommy goes to ... school only in ... morn- ing.

20. He went to ... bed with ... bad cold.

21. What... nuisance! I have ... hole in my jacket.

22. ... traditions of ... theatre are much older than ... traditions of... cinema.

23. ... desire for ... wealth often tempts ... men to do ... evil.

24. ... little salt is enough to add ... flavour to ... oth- erwise savourless dish.

25. ... few men lead ... blameless lives.

26. ... little thought may save ... lot of ... trouble.

27. ... poor man we met yesterday had ... little food Hid ... clothes.

Упражнение 45. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. It's ... shame! There won't be another train for at least... hour.

2. Stay at... hotel or ... inn near ... station.

3. ... wool of which this suit is made comes from ... Australian sheep.

4. ... wool is one of ... chief exports from ... Austra- lia. ;

5.1 had ... lunch with ... old friend on ... Saturday.

6. ... hope springs eternal in ... human breast.

7. What... weather!... rain hasn't stopped all... day!

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6. What... nonsense! What... pity you can't write ... decent essay!

7. Out of ... sight, out of ... mind.

8. ...Indian tigers are ... magnificent animals but... Siberian tigers are ... even finer beasts.

9. He collects ... butterflies, ... stamps and ... match-boxes.

10. After ... good cold shower you will feel as fresh as... daisy.

11. ... cat caught ... mouse yesterday but ... lucky mouse escaped.

12. They charge three pounds ... day for ... good room in ... hotel that I mentioned.

13. ... little village in ... mountains often makes ... pretty picture.

16.1 like ... lot of ... milk in my tea, and ... few lumps of... sugar.

17. ... accident has occurred in ... narrow street over there.

18. To make ... bread we mix ... flour, ... water, ... yeast and ... pinch of ... salt.

19. ... poor fellow! He has lost... use of ... eye and ... arm.

20. ... weather was dreadful yesterday: we had .. rain,... hail and ... snow, besides ... thunderstorm!

21. She is ... Indian but her husband is ... European.

22. Take ... chair and make yourself at ... home; shall be back in ... minute and we'll have ... chat.

23. This is ... answer to ... problem that Mr. Jonei gave us.

24. ... heavy rain and ... hard wind are bad for ., blossom on ... fruit-trees in ... spring.

25. ... supper is ... last meal of ... day.

26. ... bad drivers are punished by ... law; they ma] be sent to ... prison.

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27. In ... England ... traffic keeps to ... left but on ... • ontinent it keeps to ... right.

Упражнение 46. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... help came at... last and ... unfortunate bathers were rescued.

2. He came to see me ... last week and said it was ... last opportunity he would have.

3. In ... last week of ... year we had ... lot of ... snow.

4. ... rest and ... sleep in ... moderation are good for ... health.

5. ... dictionary is ... great help to ... students with ... bad memory!

6. ... buzzing of ... bees amongst... flowers in ... sum- mer is... pleasant sound.

7. He is ... conscientious man, who puts ... duty be- fore ... pleasure.

8. ... nature is more wonderful than ... works of ... man.

9. ... last night I met John; he said he would come here today if ... weather was fine.

10. ... eggs are often sold by ... score and ... buns by ... dozen.

11. ... steam-engine was invented before ... internal combustion engine.

12. He is ... man for ... job! None other can do it so

well.

13. He was covered from ... head to ... foot with ... t hick, white dust.

14. He works all ... day and every day from ... morn- ing till late at... night.

15. ... more I looked at it,... stranger it seemed.

16. He has ... courage of ... Nelson and ... tenacity of ... Churchill.

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17. He remembers ... London of ... past and says it was gayer than ... London of ... today.

18. ... hens, ... geese, ... goats and ... turkeys: all rushed frantically down ... slope of ... hill.

19. Come to see me on ... Saturday; ... Saturday be- fore ... Whit Monday, for instance, would do very well.

20. ... Vesuvius is ... active volcano near ... Bay of ... Naples.

21. He took ... great trouble to prepare ... decent meals for ... travellers who called at his inn.

22. ... intrepid climbers Tenzing and Hillary were ... first to climb ... Everest.

23. He asked for ... bread and ... butter; ... loaf of ... former and ... pound of ... latter.

24. He works hard by ... day and sleeps soundly at ... night, with ... clear conscience.

25. At... moment... drink of ... cider is just... thing I want.

26. He won ... prize of ... hundred pounds and spent it all in ... week,

27. ... democracy, said President Lincoln, means ... government of ... people, by ... people, for ... people.

28. ... Government has given ... people ... good gov- ernment.

29. He became ... soldier and proved to be ... good soldier.

Упражнение 47. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. |

1. ... Fate plays many tricks on ... men. ... friend of mine, for instance, suffered ... cruel fate: after having made ... fortune in ... industry, he lost it in ... day own ing to ... slump on ... Stock Exchange.

2.... education is only ... part of ... life.

3.... life is ... education in itself.

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