Завдання № 4. Утворiть речення, використовуючи записанi нижче слова:

6 балiв

1. Friction, coolant, the, generally, is, to decrease, and, tool, temperature, introduced, at, cutting.

2. Excess, chemical, the, removes, use, chemicals, material, milling, by, etching, chemicals, and, masking, of.

3. We, cutting, an, use, oxy-fuel, smaller, torch, to, separate, a, plate, of, into, steel, pieces.

4. An, with, cutting, machining, torch, is, a, welding, process, oxyfuel, not.

Завдання № 5.

Дайте відповіді на питання за текстом: 5 балiв

1. What is metalworking?

2. Where is cutting fluid used?

3. What is cutting represented by?

4. What is cutting?

5. What technologies available to cut metal do you know?

Завдання № 6.

Перекладіть запропонованi речення, звертаючи особливу увагу на рiзнi значення видiленого слова:

6 балiв

1. An alternating current flows into alternate directions of REGULAR intervals of time.

2. We distinguish in English REGULAR and irregular words.

3. The contacts between these business partners were REGULAR.

4. There were practically no clients at the resraurant that evening except some REGULARS.

Завдання № 7.

Напишіть та запам’ятайте переклад наступних слів та словосполучень:

10 балiв

Machine-tools; step-cone head; plain bearings; cross-section area; fitting; tolerance; faceplate; thrust washers; bed; gear teeth; to cut threads; face plate; turret lathe; automatic screw machine; upright drilling machine; spindle; to mount smth; milling nachines; rotating cutters; gear drive; jack screw; spacing washers; locking nut; shaper; to lubricate with oil; tap; planer; slotting machine; rack-and-pinion drive; dog clutches.

Загальна максимальна рейтингова оцінка: 52 бали

ВАРІАНТ № 10.

Завдання № 1. Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово текст:

15 балів

COLD WORKING

When a polycrystalline metal is subjected to an exter­nal stress, it is deformed, and the deformation takes place because of the stretching or breaking of the atomic bonds. When the stress is small, the deformation is proportional to the stress, and the metal returns to its original shape as soon as the deforming stress is removed. This is elastic de­formation, and as long as the stress remains below a cer­tain critical value (the elastic limit), there is no perma­nent deformation of the object.

Stressing the metal beyond its elastic limit produces a permanent deformation of the metal, and the object will not return to its original shape after the stress is re­moved; and as the deformation proceeds, the metal becomes progressively harder and more brittle. This is plastic de­formation.

Each metal has a certain critical temperature known as the recrystallization temperature, and any mechanical deformation performed below the recrystallization temper­ature is cold working. In practically all cases, cold working means the deformation of a metal at room temperature.

When a metal or alloy is rolled, drawn into wire, or otherwise worked or deformed below its recrystallization temperature, slip takes place within the individual grains; the slip is usually accompanied by a certain amount of bending and rotation of the slip planes, and in certain cases there may be some mechanical twinning. The grains become deformed or elongated in the direction of rolling or drawing, and the metal is no longer composed of equiaxed grains. When a metal is drawn or rolled, its length increases and its cross-section decreases. When a metal is cold-worked, it becomes harder and more brittle as the working progresses, and the metal is said to be strain-hardened or work-hardened. The grains of a cold-worked metal are distorted and elongated, and the internal structure of the grains becomes disorganized.

Soon after the cold deformation of a metal begins, the relatively large crystal grains are broken down into small crystalline blocks, and as the working continues, there is a tendency for these crystalline fragments to assume a preferred orientation because the slip planes tend to ro­tate into a position parallel to the applied stress. The great­er the deformation, the more difficult it is for further slip to take place, and the harder the metal becomes; as the hardness increases, it also becomes more brittle and will eventually fail if the cold-working is continued long enough.

Завдання № 2.

Віднайдіть у тексті та випишіть 10 інтернаціоналізмів, 10 термінів і

термінологічних словосполучень, дайте їх переклад українською. 5 балiв

Завдання № 3.

Заповніть пропуски у реченнях відповідними словами, обраними серед

поданих нижче:

5 балiв

Grains, structure, deformation, stress, object.

1. The great­er the … the harder the metal becomes.

2. The internal … of the grains becomes disorganized but the crystallinity of the metal is not destroyed.

3. The object will not return to its original shape after the … is re­moved.

4. As long as the stress remains below a cer­tain critical value, there is no perma­nent deformation of the ...

5. The … become deformed or elongated in the direction of rolling or drawing.

Завдання № 4.

Утворiть речення, використовуючи записанi нижче слова:

6 балiв

1. As, more, the, metal, proceeds, the, harder, becomes, brittle, progressively, deformation, and.

2. Stress, proportional, the, small, the, strain, to, the, stress, is, when, is.

3. Slip, certain, bending, rotation, the, accompanied, usually, amount, of, by, planes, slip, of, a, and, the, is.

4. Decreases, drawn, cross-section, its, or, metal, rolled, is, when, a.

Завдання № 5.

Дайте відповіді на питання за текстом: 5 балiв

1. What is the recrystallization temperature?

2. What does cold working mean?

3. What happens when a metal is cold-worked?

4. What happens when the stress is small?

5. What deformation is named plastic one?

Завдання № 6.

Перекладіть запропонованi речення, звертаючи особливу увагу на рiзнi значення видiленого слова:

6 балiв

1. The first Kremlin clock was very simple and like most of the early clocks it had only one HAND, the hour hand.

2. Watchmakers of old years used to HAND down the secret of watchmaking from generation to generation.

3. The earliest watch known was made of iron by HAND.

4. On the one HAND, the world ran on standard time, on the other HAND, most localities used their own local time up to 1884.