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Теоретическая грамматика ответы (3 курс, eng).doc
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7)Classification of a phrase according to the structure. Ответ № 4

8) General peculiarities of the sentence and it classification

Sentences  may  be  classified  according  to structure   (simple,    compound,   complex,   and COMPOUND-COMPLEX    SENTENCE.— compound-complex)  or  according  to  meaning A   compound-complex   sentence   consists   of   a (declarative,  imperative,  interrogative,  and compound   sentence   (one   with   two   or   more exclamatory). These classifications are discussed independent clauses) and at least one dependent in  the  following  paragraphs. clause.  For  example: SIMPLE SENTENCE.— A simple sentence is one that consists of a single independent clause and no subordinate clauses. The simple sentence always  contains  one  subject  and  one  verb.  For example: The  command  chaplain  supervised  the program. COMPOUND  SENTENCE.—  A  compound sentence has two or more independent clauses that are related in thought and joined by one or more coordinating   conjunctions.   For   example: The chapel fund administrator is rewriting this  instruction,  and he will submit his draft to the  command  chaplain  for  approval. Some of the employees who worked during the war years have retired, but many of them are still  employed  in  the  same  office. The  words  “who  worked  during  the  war  years” form   the   dependent   clause.   “Some   of   the employees have retired” and “many of them are still  employed  in  the  same  office”  are  the independent  clauses  and  could  stand  alone  as  two complete  sentences. DECLARATIVE  SENTENCE.—  A  declara- tive sentence is one that makes a statement. Such a  sentence  ends  with  a  period.  The  normal grammatical  order  of  the  parts  of  a  declarative sentence   is   the   subject   first   followed   by   the predicate  with  all  its  modifiers.  For  example: I found her  book  on  my  desk. “And”  is  the  coordinating  conjunction  in  this example.  It  should  be  noted  that  the  above “I”  is  the  subject;  “found”  is  the  predicate;  and example could have been written as two complete “book”  is  the  object  in  this  example

According to structural features: simple and composite; two-member and one- member sentences. Elliptical and one-member sentences: e.g. Marvelous! Horrible! How very interesting! e.g. No birds singing at the dawn (Strong resemblance to 2 member sentences). e.g. I saw him there. Yesterday (parselation).

According to the purpose of the utterance: declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory, ? optative. Prof.Ilyish: before dividing sentences into 3 classes we should divide them into emotional and non-emotional and within emotional we can establish 4 classes.

9) Main principles of classification of the sentence.

Classifications of a sentence according to the structure are divided into two- simple(one member, two member), composite(complex, compound), classification of a sentence according to the iterance(declarative, exclamatory, interrogative), Classifications of a sentence according to the semantics (theme, rheme), Classifications of a sentence according to the purpose of atriums, Classifications of a sentence according to the structure-all the sentences may be divided into simple and composite