31 ) Define the classification of the sentence according to the purpose of utterance

• A declarative sentence or declaration, the most common type, commonly makes a statement: I am going home.

• An interrogative sentence or question is commonly used to request information — When are you going to work? — but sometimes not; see rhetorical question.

• An exclamative sentence or exclamation is generally a more emphatic form of statement expressing emotion: What a wonderful day this is!

• An imperative sentence or command tells someone to do something: "Go to work at 7:30 in the morning".

• Most of the sentences we speak or write are declarative sentences.

• declarative sentences My parents keep telling me that I should make good grades so I can get a job or go to college.

• We frequently ask questions, perhaps not as frequently as we should.

• interrogative sentences What time does the movie start? How many people from your graduating class went to college? People who have authority use imperative sentences. Sometimes, people who don't have authority use imperative sentences. The results may differ.

• imperative sentences Wash the car. Please donate to the community charity fund.

• We say that sentences must have a subject and a verb. Note that some of the above sentences do not seem to have a subject. The subject is implied, and the implied subject is you. You wash the car. You clean up your room. You is a second person pronoun. It isn't possible to make a command statement in first person or third person.

• Exclamatory sentences are rarely used in expository writing. Spoken exclamations are often a single word or an incomplete sentence. Grammarians indicate that formal exclamatory sentences begin with the word what or with the word how. Most of the exclamations we encounter are informal.

• exclamatory sentences What did you do to your hair! (exclamation formed as a question) I just won 500 dollars! (exclamation formed as a declarative sentence)

• How do you know if a sentence is a question? Well, according to commedians Bud Abbot and Lou Costello, it depends on the punctuation mark. "Who's on first."

32) The problems of negative sentence

There are several points of view on these problem. A.M.Peshkovsky and V.V.Vinogradov at the category of negation into the circle of modal relations up to the acknowledgement of listing of the so-called “negative mood”. A.A.Shahmatov, E.I.Shendels, S.A.Vasylyeva consider the negation as an independent grammar category which does not depend on the category of modality. Forms of expressing negative meaning: declarative, interrogative, imperative. Grammatical- by means of the auxiliary verb and particle “not”, number of negative conjunctions “nor, neither…nor, unless”-me? You don’t want to know about me. Isn’t it enough that I’m here?

Lexico-grammatical- by means of pronouns “no, nobody, none, nothing” adverbs “neither, neither, no how, nowhere”- Gosh, I’d never measure up to that lot.

Lexical- by means of affixes “un-, in-, ir-, il-, dis-, non-, less”, some verbs “fail, lack”-Christine might at any moment whip off cap and break into all illegal song and dance.

Syntax- through employing some stable patterns “I wish I knew…”- … that I wished it had been me instead of him

33) exclamatory sentence and type of exclamation

Ответ №31

34) interrogative sentence and its types

Ответ №31

35) give general information about compound sentence

Ответ № 29

36) speak about the type of adverbial modifier

Ответ № 22

37) speak about the function of subordinate clause

Corresponding function in a simple sentence, we may call them noun clauses, or substantive clauses, which is a very usual way of treating them in English school grammars. From the functional point of view it may be called an attributive clause, and if we compare it to the part of speech which might perform the corresponding function in a simple sentence, we may call it an adjective clause, which is also common in English school grammar. O.Jespersen devotes several chapters of his book “ a modern English grammar” to relative clauses. In accordance with his general view that elements of language may be divided into primaries, adjuncts, and subjuncts, he treats the syntactical functions of subordinate clauses as falling under these heads: “relative clauses as primaries” and “relative clause adjuncts”. From the viewpoint of function the subordinate clauses of these types are of course quite different, yet they may be all termed “relative clauses”. This makes it evident that the notion “relative clause”is not a notion of syntactic functions, since it cuts right across syntactical divisions