- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Н.Е.Воскресенская, с.А.Захарова английский язык для первокурсников
- •Contents Unit 1
- •Put the words in the alphabetical order.
- •Read these words and give their Russian equivalents.
- •Grammar: Personal and Possessive Pronouns
- •Choose proper pronouns for the nouns.
- •Fill in the correct pronoun.
- •Read and translate word combinations:
- •Grammar: Verb to be
- •Fill in the correct form of the verb.
- •Fill in the verb to be in Present Simple.
- •Fill in the verb to be in Present, Past or Future Simple.
- •Grammar: there is/are – есть/имеется
- •Translate the following sentences.
- •Grammar: Verb to have
- •Our Group and Our Studies
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Learn the word combinations. Make sentences with them.
- •Choose the correct translation.
- •Read and translate the following word combinations into Russian.
- •Read the text and tell your partner about your group and studies. Our Group and Our Studies
- •Complete the sentences with the correct words.
- •Answer the following questions and then tell the class about your activity at the University.
- •Grammar: Basic forms of the Verb Regular Verbs
- •Irregular Verbs
- •Pair work. Learn the irregular verbs given above.
- •Read these numerals.
- •Read the dates.
- •Enjoy the jokes. A Few Laughs
- •First-Year Students Speak About Themselves
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Match the Russian words and word combinations with the English ones.
- •Read and retell the text. First-Year Students Speak About Themselves
- •Give Russian equivalents.
- •Learn the names of the faculties.
- •Compare English and Russian words.
- •Learn the words and word combinations.
- •Learn the new words and word combinations from the text “St.Petersburg State Marine Technical University”.
- •Match the words and word combinations with their Russian translation.
- •Read the questions, then the text, translate it and answer the questions:
- •St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University
- •Additional material to the lesson:
- •Read the text, make up an outline and retell the text. The University
- •Read the text and retell it.
- •2.1. Put the words in the alphabetic order.
- •Compare the English and Russian words.
- •Read the English words correctly and give their Russian equivalents.
- •Match the word combinations in a with their close in meaning word combinations in b.
- •Grammar: The Sentence
- •Put these words in the correct order to make sentences.
- •Grammar: Present Simple
- •Grammar: Past Simple
- •Read the verbs correctly.
- •Complete the sentences with verbs from the box in the correct form (Present or Past Simple).
- •Write questions for these answers.
- •Write questions for these answers. Use a word from the box to start each question.
- •Grammar: Future Simple
- •Fill in will or going to.
- •Choose the correct form of the verb.
- •Translate the sentences into Russian and then again into English.
- •Find the correct English equivalent.
- •Write the following verbs in Past Simple.
- •Follow the models, make the sentences negative and add some information.
- •Tell your partner or the class:
- •Enjoy the jokes.
- •Shoes Don’t Match
- •University Education in Great Britain
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Translate the text with the dictionary. University Education in Great Britain
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •Read and translate the text with the dictionary. The Universities of Great Britain
- •Fill in what, which, who, when, where, whose or why.
- •Complete the reporter’s questions.
- •Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of “speak, talk, say, tell”.
- •Enjoy the jokes.
- •Read and translate the text and then tell the group about Canadian Universities. Canadian Universities
- •Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to prepositions of time: at, on, in. Learn and memorize their usage.
- •Put in the correct prepositions: at, on or in. Translate the sentences.
- •Put the words in the alphabetical order.
- •Give Russian equivalents to the English words, paying attention to suffixes.
- •Choose the correct English equivalent.
- •Grammar: Особенности перевода конструкций со страдательным залогом
- •Translate the sentences.
- •Rewrite these sentences, putting the verbs in the passive. Keep them in the same tense, and remove they, we, etc.
- •Our Physics laboratory
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Read the text. Find answers to these questions.
- •Read the text again and retell it. Our Physics Laboratory
- •Have a break! Enjoy yourselves!
- •Ship Model Tests
- •Words on the text.
- •Match English and Russian words.
- •Translate the word combinations.
- •Read and translate the text with a dictionary. Ship Model Tests
- •Grammar: Degrees of Comparison
- •Change the adjectives according to the models.
- •Grammar: Conjunctions of Comparison
- •Translate the sentences.
- •Translate the joke.
- •Fill in the blanks with the English words.
- •Translate the word combinations with “most”.
- •Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative or superlative form.
- •Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the words in bold.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Grammar: Substitutes one (ones), that (those)
- •Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words: one (ones), that (those).
- •Changing Weather
- •Words on the text.
- •Read and translate the text with a dictionary. Changing Weather
- •Read the text and talk about the most interesting phenomena and places on the globe. Weather Extremes
- •Read the text and talk about the climate in your city or town, using the expressions from the text. Compare it with that of London, Moscow or St.Petersburg. Climate and Weather
- •Read the text and say how weather influences people and you personally. What is Weather?
- •Polite Speech (over the telephone).
- •Now pay attention to prepositions of position: in, at, on.
- •Read the personality test and choose the alternative that best describes your likes or dislikes, or the way you feel. Are you a thrill-seeker? Words on the test are given below the text.
- •Words on the text:
- •Scoring
- •Give the basic forms of the nouns and adjectives.
- •-Al, -ant/-ent are adjective-forming suffixes. Read and translate the adjectives.
- •Can you work out the meaning of the words below? Prefixes in-, il- ,im-, ir- have negative meaning.
- •Translate the word combinations paying attention to the adjectives.
- •Present Perfect
- •Past Perfect
- •Future Perfect
- •Translate the sentences into Russian and then back into English.
- •Put these words in the correct order to make questions. The first word is given.
- •In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning.
- •Put the verb into the correct form, Present Perfect (I have done) or Past Simple (I did).
- •Put the verb into the correct form, Past Simple or Past Perfect.
- •The Hero-City of Leningrad
- •Words on the text.
- •Match the English and Russian equivalents.
- •Read and translate the text. The Hero-City of Leningrad
- •Answer the questions.
- •Write an outline (plan) of the text and tell about the Hero-City of Leningrad.
- •Put the verb into the correct form.
- •Put the verb into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past Simple.
- •Choose the proper translation.
- •Read the joke.
- •St. Petersburg is the City of Shipbuilders
- •Learn the words and word combinations.
- •Fill in the gaps with the English words.
- •Read the questions and find the answers in the text.
- •St. Petersburg is the City of Shipbuilders
- •Write sentences using the time expressions in brackets, as in the example.
- •Fill in the gaps with recently, ever, how long, yet, for, since, never.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form, Present Perfect or Past Simple.
- •Compare the verb-forms and translate the following pairs of sentences.
- •Put in the correct prepositions in, at, on. Translate the sentences.
- •The First Ships of the Russian Navy
- •Words on the text.
- •Read and translate the text. The First Ships of the Russian Navy
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Enjoy yourself.
- •Write the basic form of the following verbs.
- •Give Russian equivalents of the English words.
- •Translate the following words and word combinations.
- •Read the words and give their Russian equivalents.
- •Grammar: Modal Verbs and their Equivalents
- •Choose the English equivalents.
- •Translate the sentences.
- •Choose the sentences with the verbs meaning necessity (obligation) and translate them.
- •Complete the sentences with the proper modal verb.
- •Obligation and advice.
- •The Shipbuilding Industry
- •Words on the text
- •Read and translate the text in writing: The Shipbuilding Industry
- •Choose the correct English equivalent.
- •Translate the sentences.
- •Fill in the blanks with the English words.
- •Complete these sentences with some / any / somebody / anybody / anyone / nobody / anything / nothing / anywhere/.
- •The Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute
- •Words on the text.
- •Read and translate the text. The Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute:
- •Grammar: Clauses
- •Translate the following sentences.
- •Translate the sentences
- •Translate the sentences.
- •The First Stays First
- •Words on the text.
- •Read and translate the text. The First Stays First
- •Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the prepositions at the end of relative clauses.
- •Grammar: Reported Speech. Sequence of Tenses
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •Complete the second sentence in each example so that it becomes a reported version of the first sentence.
- •Read the text. Turn direct speech sentences into a reported version and retell the story. A Funny Story
- •Read the dialogue and retell it in reported speech. Polite Speech (over the telephone)
- •Pella: a Self-Made Shipyard
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Read and translate the text, write an outline and a summary of the text. Pella: a Self-Made Shipyard
- •Enjoy yourself!
- •Translate the adjectives with the suffixes –ful, -ous, -ic, -ive, -al.
- •Past Participle
- •The Functions of Present and Past Participle
- •Translate the phrases with Present Participle.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to Present Participles.
- •Analyse the pairs of sentences and translate them.
- •Rewrite the sentences using participles.
- •Make sentences beginning with Having …
- •Now make sentences beginning with -ing or Not-ing.
- •Choose the correct alternative in the following sentences.
- •The Port of St. Petersburg
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Read the text and answer the questions: 1. What happened in 1703, 1704 and in 1721? 2. What ships call at St. Petersburg’s port? 3. What cargo do ships carry? The Port of St. Petersburg
- •Translate the following sentences. Analyse them.
- •How Merchant Ships Operate
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Translate the phrases.
- •Read and translate the text. How Merchant Ships Operate
- •The Functions of Gerund
- •Translate and analyse the sentences.
- •Words on the text. Learn them.
- •Do the written translation of the text. The Port of Novorossiysk
- •Types of Ships
- •Words on the text.
- •Match the words in a with the words in b.
- •Fill in the proper English words.
- •Match the synonyms.
- •Translate the word combinations.
- •Analyse and translate the sentences.
- •Enjoy yourself! Read the dialogue and retell it in reported speech. A Close Translation
- •Answer the questions using the prepositions given.
- •Read the letter. Why is it called “polite”? a Polite Letter
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to different meanings of after, before, as.
- •Make the following words negative.
- •Give Russian equivalents to the international words.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the words and word combinations in bold type.
- •Read, analyse and translate the sentences.
- •Grammar: Objective Infinitive Construction (Complex Object – Сложное дополнение)
- •Verb groups followed by the Infinitive Construction
- •Translate the sentences.
- •Fill in the particle to before the infinitive where necessary and translate the sentences.
- •Read and translate the dialogue. A Sound Sleeper
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Form all possible word combinations.
- •Translate the word combinations paying attention to the parts of speech.
- •Match the English words in a with their Russian equivalents in b.
- •Translate the word combinations.
- •Match the synonyms.
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •The Ship’s General Arrangement
- •Words and word combinations on the text.
- •Read and translate the text with a dictionary (passages 1–3 orally, 4–7 in written form). The Ship’s General Arrangement
- •Grammar: Subjective Infinitive Construction (Complex Subject)
- •Find the proper Russian translation.
- •Translate the sentences.
- •Read a sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning.
- •Rephrase the following sentences as in the example.
- •A Ship’s Propeller
- •Words on the text.
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •Read the text, find the sentences with the Complex Object construction, translate them. Reproduce the story. The Science of Speaking
- •Read and translate the text. As One Grows Older (From “Writer’s Notebook” by w.Somerset Maugham)
- •Complete the following dialogue at a reception in a hotel by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (Present Continuous or Present Simple).
- •Different Types of Marine Engines
- •Words on the text.
- •Match the English words in a with their Russian equivalents in b.
- •Read and translate the text. Different Types of Marine Engines
- •The Echo Sounder
- •Translate the sentences.
- •Translate the text. The Echo Sounder
- •Answer the questions.
- •Pay attention to phrasal verbs, guess at their meaning from the context of the sentence.
- •The Internet
- •Bill Gates
- •Inversion:
- •Applying for a Job
- •1. A Job Interview
- •2. Before the Interview
- •3. Just Before
- •4. At the Interview
- •5. After the Interview
- •6. An Interview for a Job
- •Английский язык для первокурсников
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Read a sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning.
Example: It is expected that the government will lose the election.→ The government is expected to lose the election.
1. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident → Two people …
2. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion → Three men …
3. It is said that he is 105 years old. → He …
4. It is expected that the strike will begin tomorrow. → The strike …
5. It was supposed that the train would arrive at 11.30 but it was 40 minutes late. → The train …
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Rephrase the following sentences as in the example.
Example: I don’t think Ann should watch the late film.
I don’t want Ann to watch the late film.
1. Why don’t you come to my party?
I would like …
2. You have to finish this project today.
I need …
3. I don’t think my secretary should attend the meeting.
I don’t want …
4. Can you show me how to use the washing machine?
I want …
5. He is taking part in the race.
I want …
6. She wouldn’t allow me to read the letter.
She didn’t want …
A Ship’s Propeller
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Words on the text.
|
drive v |
— |
приводить в движение |
|
explosion n |
— |
взрыв |
|
fail v |
— |
терпеть неудачу |
|
happen v |
— |
случаться, происходить |
|
propeller n |
— |
двигатель, гребной винт |
|
push v |
— |
толкать, продвигать(ся) |
|
remain v |
— |
оставаться |
|
sure a |
— |
уверенный |
|
turn v |
— |
вращать |
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Read the text and answer the following questions.
1. What is the form of a ship’s propeller? 2. Where is the propeller situated? 3. When were the first experiments with propeller carried out? 4. What was the speed of an Australian ship at Trieste in the 1820s? 5. What is the speed of modern ships? 6. When was the English ship Archimedes tested? 7. What accident helped the Archimedes to increase the speed? 8. What discovery was made by Smith?
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Read the text again and tell: 1) about the operation of the ship’s propeller, 2) the idea of Bernouilli, a Swiss scientist, 3) the Austrian ship, 4) the Archimedes tested in 1838, 5) Smith’s discovery.
A Ship’s Propeller
All big ships are now driven by engines of some kind, and usually by steam engines or oil engines. These turn the propeller, which is in the water at the back of the ship. It is in the form of a screw (винт). When it turns, it pushes the ship forwards just as s wood-screw goes forwards into a piece of wood when it is turned. Our present propellers are the result of experiments made about 1835; but the idea was not new then.
Bernouilli was a Swiss scientist who described a screw for ships in 1752, but he could not make any real tests. At that time there were no good engines for ships, and his idea remained only an idea.
Seventy years later the same idea was again in the minds of engineers. An Austrian, Ressel, built a small ship at Trieste. It had a long screw at the back which drove the ship forwards at about 7 ½ knots. One knot is speed of 6,080 feet (1,852 metres) per hour. Some modern ships travel at 30 knots, so 7 ½ knots was not very fast. But the screw did its work, and Ressel was pleased. His experiment did not fail completely; but unhappily there was an explosion in the ship’s engines, and after that Ressel did not try again.
In 1836 an Englishman, Francis Pettit Smith, had a ship, the Archimedes, which had a metal screw at the back. It was too long in fact; but at that time engineers knew little about ship’s propellers.
The Archimedes was tested in 1838, and everybody was pleased when it moved forwards. It had reached a speed of 4 knots when suddenly a loud noise was heard. Smith stopped the engine and went to look at the screw. A bottle had got under it and had broken half of it off; the other half remained, but Smith was not sure that he could reach land again.
He could not just stay there, and so he started the engine again to see what would happen. The ship began to move slowly. The broken screw was not useless. Smith was pleased; but soon the ship was going so fast that he was very surprised.
Smith had made a discovery: a short screw worked well. Later he discovered that a short screw worked better than a long one. With a short one the Archimedes reached a speed of 13 knots, and it once sailed from Portsmouth to Oporto (Portugal) in 70 hours.
Today most big ships are driven by propellers. These are turned by oil engines in modern ships.