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Файл:Грам-ка для 1 курса (пособие).doc
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- •Exercises:
- •II. Put the parts of the sentence in the right order.
- •Complete the sentences. Put the parts in the right order.
- •Rewrite the sentences to include the word in brackets.
- •V. Are the underlined words in the right position or not? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
- •VI. Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets in the correct order.
- •VII. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct position.
- •Группа существительного
- •I. Translate into Russian.
- •II. Complete the sentences using two of the following words each time.
- •IV. Complete the sentences using one of the following:
- •Образование множественного числа имен существительных.
- •I. Write the plural.
- •II. Some of these sentences are right but most are wrong. Correct the sentences that are wrong.
- •IV. Which of the underlined parts of these sentences is correct?
- •Притяжательный падеж имени существительного.
- •Многофункциональность местоимения “It”
- •Безличные предложения.
- •I. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Put in it is (it’s) or is it, it or there.
- •III. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Неопределённые местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные.
- •Производные от « some, any, no, every».
- •I. Put in “some” or “any”.
- •III. Complete the sentences. Use “some” or “any”.
- •V. Complete the sentences with “something”, “anything”, “nothing” or “everything”.
- •VI. Open the brackets.
- •VII. Complete the sentences with no, none or any .
- •VIII. Complete the sentences. Use nobody/ no-one/ nothing/ anybody/ anyone/ anything.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XI. Open the brackets. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Слова - заместители глаголов-сказуемых.
- •1. Translate into Russian.
- •II. Translate into Russian. Pay special attention to “that, those”.
- •III. Fill in the gaps. Use one (ones), that (those). Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •IV. A asks b some questions. Use the information in the box to write b’s answer. Use “one” in the answers.
- •V. Use the information in the box to complete these conversations. Use one /
- •VI. Finish the following sentences.
- •Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
- •Important – more important – the most important
- •The (more) … the (better) …
- •I. Give the comparative and superlative of the following.
- •III. Use a superlative.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Put the adjectives in brackets into the correct form.
- •VIII. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •I. Put in "there is / there isn’t / is there / there are / there aren’t / are there".
- •III. Complete the sentences. Use "there will be, there would be, etc". Choose from:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
- •V. Translate from English into Russian.
- •Revision I.
- •I. Fill in “a, an, one” or “ones”.
- •II. Choose the correct alternative.
- •What do we call the following things or people?
- •Underline the correct word.
- •Complete the sentences using the noun in brackets in the singular or plural form and “a/an” where necessary.
- •Choose the correct item.
- •The following paragraph is an extract from a story. Read it and punctuate it.
- •Progress test I.
- •II. Cross out the unnecessary word.
- •III. Complete the sentences with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •IV. Choose the correct answer.
- •Глагол (the verb).
- •Смысловые и вспомогательные глаголы.
- •Глаголы-связки.
- •Служебные глаголы.
- •The present indefinite tense.
- •Признаки сказуемого.
- •I. Put the verb into the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •III. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •The past indefinite tense.
- •I. Write the past simple of these verbs
- •II. Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple
- •III. Write sentences about the past (yesterday, last week, etc.)
- •IV. A: Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative
- •C: Put the verb in the correct form – positive, negative or question
- •V. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian
- •VI. Translate from Russian into English
- •The future indefinite tense.
- •I. Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use:
- •I’ll be ……. Or I’ll probably be …… or I don’t know where I’ll be …
- •III. Which is correct?
- •IV. Translate from English into Russian.
- •V. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Additional Exercises:
- •I. Find the predicate and define its tense form.
- •II. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms.
- •III. Write questions.
- •IV. Translate into English. Use the following:
- •Participle I.
- •I. Form Participle I from the following verbs. Translate into Russian.
- •II. Translate the following word-combinations from English into Russian.
- •III. Translate from Russian into English.
- •IV. Translate into Russian.
- •V. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian; pay attention to the Participial Constructions.
- •VI. State the function of Participle I. Translate into Russian.
- •VII. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Времена группы “continuous”.
- •The Present Continuous Tense.
- •The Past Continuous Tense.
- •The Future Continuous Tense.
- •Passive Voice (Страдательный залог).
- •I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Use Present Continuous.
- •II. Use the correct form – Present Simple or Present Continuous.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Use Past Continuous for the interrupted action and Past Simple for the action which interrupts it.
- •IV. Choose the correct verb form.
- •V. Open the brackets. Use Future Simple or Future Continuous.
- •VI. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Continuous form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Translate the sentences into English.
- •Participle II.
- •I. Form Participle II from the following verbs. Translate into Russian.
- •II. Translate the following word-combinations from English into Russian.
- •III. Translate into English.
- •V. Open the brackets translating the Russian words into English.
- •VI. Define the function of Participle II. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Времена группы “perfect” (passive, active)
- •I. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect Tense.
- •II. Put in since or for, whichever is appropriate. Remember that since mentions a point of previous time and for mentions the total period up to now.
- •III. Put the verbs into the correct form: Present Perfect or Past Simple.
- •IV. Which is the correct form?
- •V. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Perfect to show the previous cause of a later effect, result, consequence or interest.
- •VI. Join the pairs of sentences, using the conjunctions in brackets. Put one of the verbs into the Past Perfect.
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of the Present Perfect and Past Perfect Tenses.
- •IX. Open the brackets using the correct tense.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •Времена группы Perfect Continuous.
- •The Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •Future Perfect Continuous
- •I. Read the situations and complete the sentences.
- •II. Put the verb into the Present Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous.
- •III. Read the situations and make the sentences from the words in brackets.
- •IV. Put the verb into the most suitable form (Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous).
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Revision II.
- •Underline the correct tense.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense-form.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •IV. Choose the correct answer.
- •V. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •VI. Choose Participle I or Participle II.
- •VII. Open the brackets using Present Participle or Perfect Participle.
- •Progress test II.
- •Open the brackets.
- •Underline the correct tense.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •Cross out the unnecessary word.
- •Эквиваленты модальных глаголов.
- •II. Fill in the gaps with “can, may must, should”.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with “can, can’t, could, couldn’t or was /wasn’t able to”
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with “must, mustn’t or needn’t / don’t have to”
- •V. Fill in the gaps with “needn’t have or didn’t need to” and the correct form
- •VI. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •(Быть, находиться, являться) Спряжение глагола “to be” во временах группы Indefinite.
- •Функции глагола “ to be” в предложении.
- •Our task is to read the text twice. Наше задание заключается в том, чтобы прочитать текст дважды.
- •В этом случае за глаголом to be идёт инфинитив смыслового глагола с частицей to, и имеет значение: должен, обязан.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •VIII. Define the function of the verb “to be” in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Глагол “to have” Спряжение глагола “to have” во временах группы Indefinite.
- •Вопросительная форма и краткий ответ:
- •I. Write the following sentences according to the model.
- •II. Use a correct form of the verb “to have”.
- •III. Complete the sentences. Use “have to” or “has to”. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Read the text and complete the sentences about John’s future.
- •V. Define the function of the verb “to have”. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VI. Compare the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.
- •Сослагательное наклонение.
- •Употребление сослагательного наклонения.
- •I. Make up sentences according to the models:
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct verb forms:
- •III. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
- •IV. Open the brackets, using the correct verb form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •V. Change the following sentences according to the model.
- •VI. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •Условные предложения (conditional sentences)
- •I тип. (Real)
- •II тип. (Unreal)
- •III Тип. (Unreal)
- •I. Which is correct.
- •II. Put the verb into the correct form.
- •III. Change the sentences according to the model. Translate into Russian.
- •If the experiment were interesting, I should carry it out.
- •IV. Open the brackets use the correct verb forms.
- •V. Translate from English into Russian.
- •VI. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •Indirect questions
- •Indirect commands:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Rewrite the following sentences using Past-tense forms.
- •Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct tense forms.
- •Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •Turn the following sentences into reported speech.
- •Turn the following sentences into reported questions.
- •Turn the following sentences into reported speech.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Turn the following sentences into direct speech.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in
- •Cтрадательный залог (Passive Voice)
- •Open the brackets. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Put the following sentences into Past and Future Indefinite tenses.
- •III. Find the predicate and define its tense form.
- •IV. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
- •V. Underline the correct answer.
- •VI. Rewrite the sentences using “have something done”.
- •VII. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •VIII. Correct the mistakes.
- •IX. There are eight unnecessary words in the text below. Cross them out.
- •X. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •Revision III.
- •Rewrite the following passage in the Passive.
- •Rewrite the following sentences in the Active.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •Fill in the gaps with “if” or “when” and a verb in the Present tense.
- •In pairs , ask and answer questions about what you would do in each of the following situations. Use your own ideas.
- •Use the prompts to talk about the prisoner’s regrets.
- •Fill in the correct tense.
- •Turn the following questions into Reported Speech.
- •Rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech.
- •Progress test III.
- •I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Passive Voice.
- •II. Underline the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Cross out the unnecessary word.
- •IV. Choose the correct answer.
- •Texts for translation.
- •1. New methods of computation.
- •2. Salt.
- •3. The solar system.
- •Metals.
- •Physics.
- •Measuring time.
- •Список нестандартных глаголов.
- •Irregular verbs.
- •Содержание.
- •Список использованной литературы (List of Literature Used)
III. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
-
Мой – друг менеджер крупной компании, поэтому каждый день он встречается с различными деловыми партнерами.
-
Мы обычно доставляем товар вовремя.
-
В настоящее время каждый студент использует компьютер.
-
Она не любит опаздывать на работу, поэтому всегда выходит из дома раньше.
-
Когда она приходит на работу, то всегда сначала проверяет электронную почту.
-
В своей работе мы используем различные виды рекламы.
-
Наша компания насчитывает свыше 100,000 служащих и сотрудничает с различными зарубежными компаниями.
-
Этот закон вступает в силу с первого января.
-
Мы обычно проводим конференцию каждый год.
The past indefinite tense.
По образованию все глаголы делятся на две группы:
-
стандартные глаголы, которые образуют Past Indefinite для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа прибавлением к основе глагола окончания –ed.
to work – worked
to play – played
to deliver – delivered
-
нестандартные глаголы, которые образуют Past Indefinite путём изменения корневой гласной, прибавлением окончания или другими способами.
to do – did – done
to come – came – come
to begin – began – begun
Глагол в Past Indefinite Tense на русский язык переводится глаголом в прошедшем времени как несовершенного так и совершенного вида в зависимости от контекста.
He delivered a lecture.
Он прочёл (читал) лекцию.
Past Indefinite употребляется, как правило, с обстоятельствами: yesterday вчера, last month (year, week) в прошлом месяце (году, на прошлой неделе), а также с датами, относящимися к прошлому: in 1960 и т.д.
Правила правописания.
-
Если глагол оканчивается на букву е, она опускается и добавляется – ed: to live – lived
-
Если глагол оканчивается на согласную с предшествующей краткой ударной гласной, конечная согласная удваивается (чтобы чтение гласной не изменилось): to stop – stopped.
-
Если глагол оканчивается на букву у с предшествующей согласной, у меняется на i и добавляется ed: to study-studied; to try-tried;
-
Чтобы найти в словаре значение глагола, оканчивающегося в Past Indefinite на :
-
–ied, нужно отбросить окончание – ed и изменить букву i на y, например:
it supplied – supply
-
двойную согласную +ed , нужно отбросить окончание –ed и одну согласную, напрмер:
he fitted - fit.
Отрицательная и вопросительная формы Past Indefinite как стандартных, так и нестандартных глаголов образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в форме did для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to.
При образовании отрицательной формы сохраняется порядок слов утвердительного предложения, отрицание not ставится между вспомогательным и смысловым глаголом.
We did not measure the water level.
Мы не измерили уровень воды.
При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, а смысловой – после подлежащего.
Did you measure the water level?
Вы измерили уровень воды?
Exercises:
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