• For conclusion expressing opinion directly

In conclusion, On balance, All things considered, To conclude, To sum up, All in all, In sum, In all, In summary, Summing up, To summarize, On the whole, Taking everything into account/ consideration, By way of summary/ conclusion,

it is my belief/ opinion that … I (firmly/ strongly) believe/ feel/ think that … I am (not) convinced that … I am of the opinion that … I am inclined to believe that … I (do not) agree that/ with … I (strongly) disagree that/ with … in my opinion/ view, … the way I see it, … to my mind, … my opinion is that … as far as I am concerned, … I am totally against … to my way of thinking, … it strikes me that … I (definitely) think/ feel that … it seems/ appears to me that … I believe/ think/ support the idea that … I am (strongly) in favour of … I am firmly opposed to the idea that … I am totally against the idea that …

Taking everything into account, I therefore conclude/ feel/ believe (that) …

For the above-mentioned reasons, therefore, I (firmly) believe that …

Writing: STYLE AND FORMAT

APPENDIX IV

A Aspects of writing

• If you're in a hurry, you can scribble a note to someone. [write quickly, without much care]

• I'll just jot down (informal) / make a note of (more formal) your phone number before I forget it. [write something down to remember it]

• I'll copy out the information on hotels for you. [copy in writing]

• Some students write down everything the lecturer says. [copy in writing what is spoken]

• She's writing up her dissertation at the moment, so she's very tired and stressed. [making a proper written text based on notes]

• This isn't the final version; it's just a first draft. [first attempt at writing something]

• She bought the manuscript of a famous poem at the sale. [original handwritten version]

• She got so bored at the meeting she spent the whole time doodling. [drawing and writing irrelevant things on the paper in front of her]

B Typing, word processing and print

• I've finished my book. I'm sending the typescript/manuscript to the publisher tomorrow. [typed text]

• I've done the text, but I want to format it properly before printing it. [create the page as it will appear when printed]

• I usually cut and paste or copy and paste bits of material from my notes when I'm writing an essay, then link them all together. [move text from one place to another using a word processor]

These words are in a shaded box or highlighted.

These words are in bold, these are italicized/ in italics.

These words are in a different font size from the rest, and these are in a different typeface.

• This sentence has a bullet in front of it.

* * This sentence has two asterisks in front of it.

This sentence is indented. [begins away from the normal margin]

"This sentence is in double inverted commas / quotation marks."

'This one is in single quotation marks / quotes.'

Types of brackets: ( ) round brackets < > diamond/angle brackets

[ ] square brackets { } chain/curly brackets

CAPITALS or UPPER CASE (more technical) is the opposite of small letters or lower case.

This person has written her name in block capitals: MONICA FLATLEY

(English Vocabulary in Use. Advanced. p.186)

APPENDIX V

Clothes/ Fashion

• “… clothes possess an influence more powerful over many than the worth of character or the magic of manners.” ~ Louisa May Alcott

• “Women thrive on novelty and are easy meat for the commerce of fashion. Men prefer old pipes and torn jackets.” ~Anthony Burgess, You’ve had your time, 1990

• “Dress shabbily, they notice the dress. Dress impeccably, they notice the woman.” ~Coco Chanel

• “Fashion is made to become unfashionable.” ~Coco Chanel

• “Fashion is the science of appearances, and it inspires one with the desire to seem rather than to be.” ~Edwin Hubbell Chapin

• “If you are not in fashion, you are nobody.” ~Lord Chesterfield, “Letter to his son”, April 30, 1750

• “Art produces ugly things which frequently become more beautiful with time. Fashion, on the other hand, produces beautiful things which always become ugly with time.” ~Jean Cocteau, “New York World-Telegram & Sun”, August 21, 1960

• “Fashion is the abortive issue of vain ostentation and exclusive egotism: it is haughty, trifling, affected, servile, despotic, mean and ambitious, precise and fantastical, all in a breath – tied to no rule, and bound to conform to every whim of the minute.” ~William Hazlitt, Sketches and Essays, 1839

• “The fear of becoming a ‘has been’ keeps some people from becoming anything.” ~Eric Hoffer, The Passionate State of the Mind, 1954

• “It is new fancy rather than taste which produces so many new fashions.” ~Voltaire (Fransois-Marie Arouet), Philosophical Dictionary, 1764

• “There is much to support the view that it is clothes that wear us and not we them; we may make them take the mould of arm or breast, but they would mould our hearts, our brains, our tongues to their liking.” ~Virginia Woolf

• “Fashion is not so that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street; fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening.” ~Coco Chanel

• “The only rule is ’don’t be boring and dress cute wherever you go’. Life is too short to blend in.” ~Paris Hilton

• “Elegance is a question of personality, more than one’s clothing.” ~Jean-Paul Gaultier

• “I dress for the image. Not for myself, not for the public, not for fashion, not for men.” ~Marlene Dietrich

• “Women dress alike all over the world: they dress to be annoying to other women.” ~Elsa Schiaparelli

• “Only great minds can afford a simple style.” ~Stendal

• “Fashion is architecture. It is a matter of proportions.” ~Coco Chanel

• “When a person is in fashion, all they do is right.” ~Lord Chesterfield

• “Fashion is what you adopt when you don’t know who you are.” ~Quentin Crisp

• “A fashion is merely a form of ugliness so unbearable that we are compelled to alter it every six months.” ~Oscar Wilde

• “It is fancy rather than taste which produces so many new fashions.” ~Voltaire

• “The dress must follow the body of a woman, not the body following the shape of the dress.” ~Hubert de Givenchy

• “Fashion is something barbarous, for it produces innovation without reason and imitation without benefit.” ~George Santayana

• “Clothes don’t make a man, but clothes have got many a man a good job.” ~Herbert Harold Vreeland

• ‘Only men who are not interested in women are interested in women’s clothes. Men who like women never notice what they wear.” ~Anatole France

• “We live not according to reason, but according to fashion.” ~Seneca

• “Above all, remember that the most important thing you can take anywhere is not a Gucci bag or French-cut jeans; it is an open mind.” ~Gail Rubin Bereny

• “The dress is a vase which the body follows.” ~Pierre Cardin

• “Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.” ~Mark Twain

• “Fashion condemns us to many follies; the greatest is to make ourselves its slave.” ~Napoleon Bonaparte

• “The finest clothing made is a person’s skin, but, of course, society demands something more than this.” ~Mark Twain

• “If most of us are ashamed of shabby clothes and shoddy furniture, let us be more ashamed of shabby ideas and shoddy philosophies… It would be a sad situation if the wrapper were better than the meat wrapped inside it.” ~Albert Enistein

• “People seldom notice old clothes if you wear a big smile.” ~Lee Mildon

• “It is an interesting question how far men would retain their relative rank if they were divested of their clothes.” ~Henry David Thoreau

• “When you can’t do something truly useful, you tend to vent the pent up energy in something useless but available, like snappy dressing.” ~Lois McMaster Bujold

• “Our clothes are too part of us for most of us ever to be entirely indifferent to their condition: it is as though the fabric were indeed a natural extension of the body, or even of the soul.” ~Quentin Bell

• “The dress must not hang on the body but follow its lines. It must accompany its wearer and when a woman smiles the dress must smile with her.” ~Madeleine Vionnet

• “Every uniform corrupts one’s character.” ~Max Frisch

• “Fashion is like the id. It makes you desire things you shouldn’t” ~Bob Morris

• “It’s always the badly dressed people who are the most interesting” ~Jean Paul Gaultier

• “Clothes are inevitable. They are nothing less than the furniture of the mind made visible.” ~James Laver, Style in Costume

• “I don’t see how an article of clothing can be indecent. A person, yes.” ~Robert A. Heinlein

• “Distrust any enterprise that requires new clothes.” ~Henry David Thoreau, Walden

• “Know, first, who you are; and then adorn yourself accordingly.” ~Epictetus

• “What a strange power there is in clothing.” ~Isaak Bashevis Singer

• “Clothes can suggest, persuade, connote, insinuate, or indeed lie, and apply subtle pressure while their wearer is speaking frankly and straightforwardly of other matters.” ~Anne Hollander

• “When I free my body from its clothes, from all their buttons, belts, and laces, it seems to me that my soul takes a deeper, freer breath.” ~August Strindberg

• “It is not what you wear – it’s how you take it off.” ~Author Unknown

• Of all the things you wear, your expression is the most important.” ~Janet Lane

• Fashion Law: If the shoe fits, it’s ugly.” ~Author Unknown

• “Adornment is never anything except a reflection of the heart.” ~Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel

• “To be a fashionable woman is to know yourself, know what you represent, and know what works for you. To be in fashion” could be a disaster on 90 percent of women. You are not a page out of Vogue.” ~Author Unknown

• “There is nothing touches our imagination so much as a beautiful woman in a plain dress.” ~Joseph Addison

• “Fashion can be bought. Style one must possess.” ~Edna Woolman Chase

• “Carelessness in dressing is moral suicide.” ~Honoré de Balzac

• “Clothes are never a frivolity: they always mean something.” ~James Lover

• “The truly fashionable are beyond fashion.” ~Cecil Beaton

Travel

• “In the world through which I travel, I am endlessly creating myself.” ~Franz Fanon

• “I have wandered all my life, and I have travelled; the difference between the two is this – we wander for distraction, but we travel for fulfillment.” ~Hilaire Belloc

• “No one realizes how beautiful it is to travel until he comes home and rests his head on his old, familiar pillow.” ~Lin Yutang

• “A man travels the world in search of what he needs and returns home to find it.” ~George Moore

• “The car has become an article of dress without which we feel uncertain, unclad and incomplete.” ~Marshall McLuhan

• “The World is a book, and those who do not travel read only a page.” ~St. Augustine

• “Travel and change of place impart new vigor to the mind.” ~Seneca

• “Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one’s lifetime.” ~Mark Twain

• “To travel is to discover that everyone is wrong about other countries.” ~Aldous Huxley

• “The traveller sees what he sees. The tourist sees what he has come to see.” ~G.K.Chesterton

• “A person needs at intervals to separate from family and companions and go to new places. One must go without familiars in order to be open to influences, to change.” ~Katharine Butler Hathaway

Health

• “Look to your health; and if you have it, praise God, and value it next to a good conscience; for health is the second blessing that we mortals are capable of; a blessing that money cannot buy.” ~Izaak Walton

Dieting

• “Don’t dig your grave with your own knife and fork.” ~English Proverb

• “Your stomach shouldn’t be a waste basket.” ~Author Unknown

• “A diet is the penalty we pay for exceeding the feed limit.” ~Author Unknown

• “The cardiologist’s diet: If it tastes good, spit it out.” ~Author Unknown

• “One should eat to live, not live to eat.” ~Cicero, Rhetoricorum LV

• “If nature had intended our skeletons to be visible it would have put them on the outside of our bodies.” ~Elmer Rice

• “Dieting is wishful shrinking.” ~Author Unknown

• “It is a hard matter, …, to argue with the belly, since it has no ears.” ~Plutarch

• “To lengthen your life, shorten your meals.” ~Proverb

• “If food is your best friend, it’s also your worst enemy.” ~Edward “Grandpa” Jones, 1978

• “A diet is a plan, generally hopeless, for reducing your weight, which tests your will power but does little for your waistline.” ~Herbert B. Prochnow

• “Don’t go out of your weight to please anyone but yourself.” ~Author Unknown

www.quoteland.com

www.allgreatquotes.com

www.quotegarden.com

www.wisdomquotes.com

APPENDIX VI

SYMBOLS USED IN MARKING WRITTEN WORK