Indefinite pronouns much, many, a lot of Study the use of the pronouns much, many, a lot of.
Are there many plants in the city? – with countable nouns
He doesn’t have many friends.
Is there much snow on the ground? – with uncountable nouns
We haven’t much money left.
He’s read a lot of English classics. – with both countable and
I've got a lot of work to do this morning. uncountable nouns
Note: The indefinite pronouns much and many are used preferably in questions and negative sentences. Much and many are used in affirmative sentences when they are preceded by too or so.
I have too many problems on my hands.
I have so many offers that I don’t know what decision to take.
Ex. 16 Complete the sentences with much, many, a lot of.
There isn't... international news in the local paper.
In the last twenty-four hours too ... things happened.
There is too ... sugar in my coffee.
Are there ... students among your friends?
I don't have ... patience with incompetence.
His work is well-paid but doesn't give him ... satisfaction.
Martin spent... time in hospital last year.
You’ll have to work at English as ... as possible.
9 There were twice as ... women at the meeting as men.
10 Please don't make so ... noise. Father is working.
11
There isn't... furniture in the flat.
12 Have
you got... work to do tonight?
13 1 have so ... things to do that I don't know which to do first.
14 I haven't met... of these people.
15 There are too ... things he can't explain.
16 There isn't... time to catch the train.
17 He didn't earn ... money and couldn't rent a big flat.
Indefinite pronouns little, few, a little, a few
Study the use of the pronouns little, few, a little, a few.
I received a few letters yesterday.
There are few job opportunities here.
There is still a little snow on the roofs of the houses.
There isn 't much food left. There's only a little.
They won’t win. There is too little hope.
Note: Few, little are used to emphasize the fact that the quantity is small.
The weather was rainy, so very few people came to see the match. There's little time. We must hurry up.
A few, a little are used to state the positive fact that there is some quantity.
I have a little time, so we can sit and talk for a while.
Note: After very, too, so only little and few can be used while after 'only' a little, a few are typical.
She did very little work during the term. I won’t be surprised if she fails her exams.
There isn't much new information in the article. There's only a little.
Ex. 17 Complete the sentences with little, few, a little, a few.
There was very... snow that winter.
John has too much money and too ... sense.
He worked hard but achieved ....
He is not sociable. He has ... friends.
I enjoy my life here. I have ... friends and we have a lot of fun together.
6 Pass me the jug please. There's ... milk in my coffee.
7 She can ski... but she can't skate.
8 I don't think he can afford it. He earns very....
9 He expected ... people, but no one came.
10 There's no need to hurry. We still have ... minutes left.
11 It was very cheap. It only cost... pounds.
12 I
tried to help but there was ... I could do.
13 He
said very ..., practically nothing in fact.
14 He's not well-known.... have heard of him.
15 I can't decide now. I need ... time to think it over.
TEXT B
Britain’s Universities
There are about 90 universities in Britain. They are divided into three types: the old universities (Oxford, Cambridge and Edinburgh Universities), the 19th century universities such as London and Manchester universities, and the new universities. Some years ago there were also polytechnics. After graduating from a polytechnic a student got a degree, but it was not a university degree. 31 former polytechnics were given university status in 1992.
Full courses of study offer the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. Most degree courses at universities last 2 years, language courses 4 years (including a year spent abroad). Medicine and dentistry courses are longer (5 – 7 years).
Students may receive grants from their Local Education Authority to help pay for books, accommodation, transport and food. This grant depends on the income of their parents.
Most students live away from home, in flats or halls of residence.
Students don’t usually have a job during term time because the lessons, called lectures, seminars, classes or tutorials (small groups), are full time. However, many students now have to work in the evenings.
University life is considered “an experience”. The exams are competitive but the social life and living away from home are also important. The social life is excellent with a lot of clubs, parties, concerts, bars.
There are not only universities in Britain but also colleges. Colleges offer courses in teacher training, courses in technology and some professions connected with medicine.
Topical Vocabulary
a polytechnic политехнический институт
to graduate from окончить (вуз)
to get a degree получить степень
a university degree университетская степень
former бывший
to be given university status получить университетский статус
a course of study курс обучения
to offer the degree of предоставить какую-либо степень
Bachelor of Arts or Science бакалавр гуманитарных или
естественных наук
a degree course курс, заканчивающийся
присвоением степени
to last продолжаться, длиться
a medicine course медицинский курс
a dentistry course курс дантистов
to receive a grant получать стипендию
Local Education Authority местный орган образования
to pay for accommodation платить за жилье
to depend on the income of smbd. зависеть от дохода кого-либо
to live away from home жить вне дома
a hall of residence общежитие
a tutorial практическое занятие
competitive конкурсный (об экзамене)
a college колледж
to offer a course in teacher training предлагать курс подготовки
учителей
a course in technology технический курс
Answer the questions:
1 What are three types of universities in Great Britain?
2 What degrees do students get after finishing full course of study?
3 What grants do students receive?
4 Why don’t students have jobs during term time?
5 Why is the university life considered “an experience”?
6 What courses do colleges offer?
Translate into English.
1 После окончания политехнического института или университета студент получает степень бакалавра.
2 Степень бакалавра в политехническом институте не соответствует университетской степени.
3 Курс обучения в институте длится 4 года или больше.
4 Студенты получают стипендии для оплаты стоимости учебников, жилья, питания.
5 Поскольку занятия занимают полный день, студенты работают по вечерам.
6 Колледжи предлагают курсы подготовки учителей и технические курсы.
TEXT C
Education in Belarus
Every citizen of our country has the right to education. This right is guaranteed by the Constitution. It is not only a right but a duty, too. Every boy and girl must get secondary education. They go to school at the age of six or seven and must stay there until they are 14 – 17 years old. At schools pupils study academic subjects, such as Mathematics, Literature, Languages, History, Biology and others.
After finishing 9 forms of a secondary school young people can continue their education in the 10th and the 11th form. They cam also go to a vocational or technical school, where they study academic subjects and receive a profession. A college gives general knowledge in academic subjects and a profound knowledge in one or several subjects.
After finishing a secondary, vocational, technical school or a college, young people can start working or enter an institute or a university. Institutes and universities train specialists in different fields. A course at an institute or a university usually takes 5 years. Many universities have evening and extramural departments. They give their students an opportunity to study without leaving their jobs. Institutes and universities usually have graduate courses which give candidate or doctoral degrees.
Education in this country is free at most schools. There are some private primary schools where pupils have to pay for their studies. Some students of institutes and universities get scholarships. At many institutes and universities there are also departments where students have to pay for their education.
Topical Vocabulary
a citizen of
the right to education
to be guaranteed by the Constitution
a duty
to get secondary education
an academic subject
to finish … forms
to continue one’s education
a vocational school
a technical school to receive a profession
a profound knowledge
an extramural department
to give an opportunity
to pay for education
TEST
FUTURE SIMPLE
I'm tired. I (go) to bed.
It's late. I think I (take) a taxi.
3.... I (answer) the question?
We don't know their address. What (we / do) ?
Our test (not / take) long.
I'm afraid they (not / wait) for us.
Diana (come) to the party tomorrow ?
You (arrive) in Paris tomorrow evening.
The boy (remember) this day all his life.
10
Perhaps they (buy) a new house this year.
11 He (be) fourteen next year.
12 I'm not sure I (find) Jim at the hotel.
13 We (not /book) the tickets in advance.
14 Do you think it (rain) ?
15 Everybody thinks they (not / get) married.
16 There (not/be) any wars in the world.
17 Dad (present) Mag a personal computer, ... he?
18 ____ there (be) drags for every kind of disease in 50 years' time?