Упражнения на повторение звуков, букв, правил чтения

Правила чтения сочетаний согласных:

Правила чтения	Примеры
th [] th [ð] kn [n] ng [] nk [k] ph [f] qu [kw] wr [r] wh [w] [h] x [gz] [ks]	thin, thick, death this, that, with, those know, knee, knock long, sing, taking link, think, thank physics, photo, phone quick, quite, squeeze write, wrote, wrap when, white, why who, whose, whom exam, exact, exist text, box, six, next

Ex. 1 Read the following words:

when, which, wing, whale, who, whom, whose, why, depth, sphere, think, thought, wheel, question, tenth, three, thus, them, those, this, that, they, fifth, theme, quote, the, tooth, writer, ink, blank, sing, singing, swing, knife, father, knap, English, knit, knack, ring, phrase, quick, quickly, brother, knock, knee, link, wax, fix, export, tax, fox, text, flax, taxi, flux, extra, exam, mix, ex´hibit, ex´pose, ´export, ex´plore, ´execute, ex´pend, ex´pel, ex´tand, ´extract, ex´change.

Read and memorize the Indefinite pronouns:

somebody кто-то some something что-то	There is somebody in the room. There is something in the room.
nobody никто no nothing ничто	There is nobody in the hall. There is nothing on the desk.
anybody кто-либо any anything что-либо	Is there anybody in the hall? Is there anything in the box?

Ex. 2 Complete the following sentences with some, any, no and their derivates.

1 It’s too dark. I can’t see … .

2 Can I do … for you?

3 They went … at all during the holiday.

4 I think there’s … wrong with the car.

5 It was quiet in the room. … said anything.

6 Was there … interesting in the paper yesterday?

7 Speak louder. I don’t hear … .

8 I know … at all.

9 There is … for you in the lobby.

10 That’s a very easy question. … can answer it.

11 I don’t know … who speaks Chinese.

12 He’s lazy. He never does … .

13 There is … water in the bottle.

14 Does … know the truth?

15 Hardly … knows it.

* * *

1 Jill is lonely because she doesn’t know … in her new village. Everybody in her village is old. They are all over sixty. Jill has been living in the village for three weeks, but still … has talked to her. But yesterday … in the shop did smile at her. She doesn’t have a car and at weekends she gets bored because there is … to do.

2 I always go to work by train. It’s much more relaxing than going by car. You can look at the countryside or just read a newspaper, and there’s usually … interesting to talk to. When I go to work early, I am often alone and there is … else on the train. But when the waiter walks through and asks: “Does … want tea or coffee?” , I feel better.

The Past Indefinite Tense:

Случаи употребления	Факты, отдельные действия в прошлом	Обычные, регулярно повторяющиеся действия в прошлом	Последо- вательность событий	Действие, охватывающее период времени, когда важен факт совершения действия
Возмож- ные указа- тели вре- мени	yesterday two days ago last year	every day often usually	first then after	from…till for all day long
Примеры	-When did the film begin? -The film began ten minutes ago	He usually went for his holiday to the Crimea	Yesterday I came home, sent a message to my friend and went to bed	He learned these rules all day long

Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative
I worked. You worked. He worked. She worked. It worked. We worked. They worked.	Did I work? Did you work? Did he work? Did she work? Did it work? Did we work? Did they work?	I did not work. You did not work. He did not work. She did not work. It did not work. We did not work. They did not work.
Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative

Ex. 3 Read the following verbs in the Past Indefinite Tense:

После глухих согласных [t]	После звонких согласных и гласных [d]	После согласных t, d [id]
to work – worked to hope – hoped to wash – washed to finish – finished	to live – lived to play – played to enter – entered to study - studied	to translate – translated to end – ended to greet – greeted to invite – invited

Ex. 4 Remember the words which are usually used with the Past Indefinite Tense:

last month

last year

yesterday

the day before yesterday

last week

a week ago

last time

in 1945

Ex. 5 Read and memorize the Past Indefinite Tense of the following irregular verbs:

to be – was, were to know – knew

to have – had to see – saw

to do – did to begin – began

to write –wrote to come – came

to read – read [red] to go – went

to make – made to meet – met

to leave – left to get – got

to take – took to understand – understood

to buy – bought to leave – left

to eat – ate to think – thought

Ex. 6 Express disagreement using That’s not right:

Model: You saw something strange in the sky.

- That’s not right. I didn’t see anything.

1 You heard something in the next room. 2 He bought something in that shop. 3 She knew something about the country. 5 You studied at the University last year. 6 He saw somebody on the roof. 7 You heard somebody upstairs. 8 You went to the cinema yesterday. 9 You friend studied French at school. 10 You went to the library yesterday. 11 His uncle wanted to go to Minsk last week. 12 Your sister studied at the Institute 10 years ago.

Ex. 7 Express disbelief using the word really:

Model : My cousin studied five foreign languages at school.

- Did he really study five foreign languages at school?

1 I saw you in the park yesterday. 2 I worked late yesterday. 3 My friend went to the theatre last night. 4 My father bought a very expensive yacht 5 years ago. 5 Last year my family went to Rome on holiday. 6 I went to bed at 9 o’clock yesterday. 7 He visited his native town two days ago. 8 I met our Dean at the cinema last week. 9 Our professor helped me with my report last term.

Ex. 8 Answer the following questions:

1 When did you finish school? 2 How did you study at school? 3 What foreign language did you study at school? 4 What was your favorite subject at school? 5 When did you enter the University? 6 Why did you enter the University? 7 How did you spend last week-end? 8 When did you go home last? 9 When did you go to the theatre last? 10 Did you enjoy the performance? 11 What time did your working day start yesterday? 12 What time did you leave home yesterday? 13 How long did it take you to get to the University? 14 Where did you dine? 15 When did you come home yesterday?

Ex. 9 Fill in the gaps with the words given at the end:

Victor Popov is chief engineer at the auto mobile plant. He had a very busy day yesterday. When he … the office his secretary … him … business letters. He read them and then he wrote replies to the letters. From 10 to 12 he … some telephone calls. At 12 o’clock he … his wife for lunch. After lunch he … … in a conference. He … some interesting reports at the conference. When he … to the office at 4 o’clock he … some visitors waiting for him. He discussed a … of problems with them. At 5. 30 his wife … him …. She … him to get their son from the kindergarden on the way home. Victor was very tired after work so when he … home, he had supper and then he … the TV and watched an interesting programme.

(hear, enter, return, several, number, find, ring up, meet, bring, make, take part, switch on)

Ex. 10 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form:

The Blacks (live) in a big house not far from London. Mr Black and his two sons Roger and David Black (work) in London. They (go) to London every day from Monday to Friday.

Yesterday Mr Black and his son (get) up at 7 as usual. They (wash) and (shave). David (have) a bath. They (go) back to the bedroom and (dress). At half-past seven they (go) downstairs for breakfast.

At breakfast Roger and David always (sit) opposite each other. Mrs Black (sit) opposite her husband. After breakfast Mr Black (smoke) a cigarette and (read) the newspaper.

At twenty-five past eight Mr Black and the boys (leave) the house. Mrs Black (go) to the gate and (say) good-bye to them. They (walk) to the station. They (come) to the station a few minutes before twenty to nine. Their train (get) to London at a quarter past nine.

Ex.11 Put the verbs into the Past Indefinite Тense:

When I... to the South last year I hired a very small but comfortable room (to come). There ... much furniture in it: a bed, a small round table, a wardrobe and two chairs (not to be). The wash-stand and the shower ... in the garden (to be). I usually ... at six o'clock in the morning, ... the bed and in some twenty minutes I ... on my way to the sea (to get up, to wash, to make, to be). It ... me about ten minutes to go to the sea-shore (to take). I ... my morning exercises and ... (to do, to bathe). Then I ... down on the sand and ... in the sun till 11 o'clock (to lie, to bask). At 11 sharp I ... my basket and ... to the nearest canteen to have breakfast (to take, to go). My breakfast ... not very substantial, for I can't eat much after I've lain in the sun for several hours (to be). On the beach I often ... some of my friends, who sometimes ... a transistor radio set with them (to meet, to bring). It is very pleasant to listen in while you are lying in the sun. After dinner, which I ... rather late, I ... for a stroll along the sea-coast or to the tennis court to have a few sets of tennis (to have, to go). When it ... quite dark, I ... to bathe for a second time together with my friends (to be, to go). I ... to bed at 11 o'clock (to go).

Ex.. 12 Use the correct form of the verbs given in brackets. Learn the poem.

BAD LUCK

I⁽¹⁾ (to oversleep) and ⁽²⁾ (to miss) my train, ⁽³⁾ (to slip) on the pavement in a heavy rain, ⁽⁴⁾ (to sprain) my leg,⁽⁵⁾ (to skin) my knees, ⁽⁶⁾ (to break) my glasses, ⁽⁷⁾ (to lose) my keys, ⁽⁸⁾ (to get) stuck in the elevator, It⁽⁹⁾ (not to go), ⁽¹⁰⁾ (to kick) it twice and ⁽¹¹⁾ (to hurt) my toe. ^(l2) (to buy) a pen that^(l3) (not to write), (^l4) (to take) it back and ^(l5) (to have) a fight. ⁽¹⁶⁾ (to go) home angry,⁽¹⁷⁾ (to lock) the door, ⁽⁸⁾ (to crawl) into bed,⁽¹⁹⁾ (cannot) take any more.

Can you tell your bad luck story?

Ex.13 Answer the following questions:

1 Was it cold yesterday? 2 Where were you last night? 3 Were you fond of drawing when you were a child? 4 You were away from classes yesterday. Were you ill? 5 Were you at the concert on Saturday? Was the concert a success? 6 What movie was on yesterday on TV? 7 What were you fond of in your childhood? 8 How many students were present at the lecture on Monday? 9 When and where were you born? 10 When was your mother (father, sister, brother, friend) born? 11 How old were you when you finished school (entered the University)? 12 What day was it yesterday? 13 When were the classes over yesterday? 14 When did you have breakfast (lunch, dinner, supper)? 15 What did you have for breakfast (lunch, dinner, supper)? 16 Where did you have breakfast (lunch, dinner, supper)? 17 Did you have a walk after supper?

TEXT A

My Friend

Let me introduce my friend. His name is Bob. He was born on the 29^th of March 1985 in Minsk under the zodiac sign of Aries. I believe that stars influence our fate and character. As you see, my friend is Aries. They say that Aries is full of energy, a leader, straight talker, ambitious and frank, likes sport, stubborn, hot temper, but quick to apologize. Partially it is true, but I can’t admit Bob is stubborn. Actually, he is persistent. It is different, I think.

As to his appearance, he’s tall and slim. I think that he is even-tempered, rather reserved, calm and modest. But sometimes he can lose his temper and become either angry or sad. He likes staying alone and sometimes he retires into his shell. But at the same time he likes his friends, he likes to laugh and to joke. He’s got a sense of humour. It means he understands humour and appreciates it. But unfortunately, he is not often witty himself. I think he is able to “keep his heard when all about are losing theirs” and to stand up to difficulties when things are not going his way. Besides, he is sincere and tolerant, friendly and faithful, hard-working and serious.

There are many things in life which he likes and some he dislikes.He likes when everything is OK. Being happy is one way of being wise. He likes to study, because knowledge is useful sometimes. He is fond of reading as it gives not only knowledge but also wonderful moments of joy and pleasure. Sometimes he likes watching TV or listening to the radio, especially when he hears some wonderful pieces of music.

He likes music. It makes people better. It awakens the best feelings and high emotions. But there is a thing that makes him crazy. He’s fond of horses and equestrian skill. He dislikes overcrowded buses. And he hates getting up early. He’s happy he has got more things he likes than dislikes.

Topical Vocabulary

to admit признавать

ambitious честолюбивый

to apologize извиняться

to appreciate ценить

calm спокойный

crazy сильно увлеченный чем-то

equestrian конный

even-tempered спокойный, уравновешенный

faithful верный, преданный

fate судьба

frank искренний, открытый

hard-working трудолюбивый

hot-tempered вспыльчивый

to influence влиять

to lose one’s temper выйти из себя, терять самообладание

modest скромный

overcrowded переполненный

partially частично

persistent настойчивый, упорный

reserved сдержанный

to retire into smb’s shell уйти в себя

serious серьезный

sincere искренний

to stand up to smth. выдержать

stubborn упрямый

tolerant терпимый

wise мудрый

witty остроумный

Ex. 14 This is the rhyme for you to learn. Mind the idioms it contains.

Well, he eats like a pig,

he can’t get enough.

He works like a dog,

He looks real tough,

He smokes like a chimney,

Four packs a day.

He sleeps like a log,

What more can I say?

He drinks like a fish,

Scotch on the Rocks.

When he gets real mad,

He hardly talks.

He cries like a baby

When he is feeling sad.

He’s the dearest friend

I’ve ever had.

(Carolyn Graham)

TEXT B

Tadeush Kostiushko

Belarus is rich in talented and gifted people. Many of them died some centuries ago and we do not know much about them.But we can be proud of them even nowadays. Tadeush Kostiushko was one of them.

Andrew Tadeush Kostiushko was born in 1746 in Brest region. He belonged to a very old aristocratic family. He got his primary education at a religious school. He left school in 1760 and then continued his studies in Warsaw. After graduating from the University of Warsaw he went to Paris to complete his education. Tadeush Kostiushko studied at Paris Military Academy for 5 years. It was there where he got his revolutionary ideas.

When Tadeush Kostiushko came back from France, he could not find any job. So he had to leave his native land and in 1776 he went to North America. It was an English colony at that time and the young officer went to America to fight for its independence from the British power. For seven years he served in the American army. He became a general and was awarded the highest order of the USA. George Washington and Thomas Gefferson were among his friends. Thanks to Kostiushko's talent the Republicans won some victories, the most important one was by Saratoga in 1777. He became a hero of the USA.

He was rich and famous, but he decided to come back to his Motherland. For 5 years he lived in Sahnovichy, one of his estates in Belarus. He was not wanted at home and there was no job for him for a long time.

Tadeush Kostiushko took part in the uprising against Russia and Prussia in 1794. He was injured in a battle, captured by tsarist troops and imprisoned in Petro-Pavlovskaya Fortress in St. Petersburg (the Russian capital of that time). The Russian Emperor Paul I discharged Kostiushko from prison in 1796. Since that time he had lived abroad. In 1817 Tadeush Kostiushko died in Switzerland.

Tadeush Kostiushko is a hero of Poland. There is a town named after him in the state of Mississippi, the USA. One of the Australian mountain peaks is also named after him.

Nowadays a monument to Tadeush Kostiushko, the brave soldier, national hero of the USA, honourable citizen of France, born on the territory of contemporary Brest region in Belarus can be seen in Lafayette Square opposite the White House in Washington. There are also monuments to him in Krakow, Chicago, Cleveland and Milwaukee.

Ex. 15 Answer the following questions:

1 Is our country rich in talented people? 2 When and where was Tadeush Kostiushko born? 3 What education did he get? 4 Where did he get his revolutionary ideas? 5 Why did he leave his native land in 1776? 6 Where did Tadeush Kostiushko go? 7 Whose colony was North America at that time? 8 What did Tadeush Kostiushko do in America? 9 Who was among his friends? 10 He became a hero of the USA, didn't he? 11 Why did he return to his Motherland? 12 Where did he live? 13 What did Tadeush Kostiushko do in 1794? 14 When and where was he imprisoned? 15 Who discharged him from prison? 16 When and where did he die? 17 What places were named after Tadeush Kostiushko?

Ex. 16 Put in the right prepositions where necessary:

1 Andrew Tadeush Kostiushko belonged ... a very old aristocratic family. 2 . . . graduating from the university he went. . . Paris to complete his education. 3 When Tadeush Kostiushko came home . . . France, he could not find any job. 4 . . . seven years he had served . . . the American army. 5 He became a general and was awarded . . . the highest order . . . the USA. 6 ... 5 years he lived . . . Sahnovichy, one . . . his estates . . . Belarus. 7 Tadeush Kostiushko took part . . . the uprising . . . Russia and Prussia . . . 1794. 8 He was wounded ... a battle, captured . . . the tsarist troops and imprisoned . . . Petro-Pavlovskaya Fortress ... St Peterburg. 9 There is a town named . . . him . . . the state. . . Mississippi, the USA. 10 Nowadays a monument to Tadeush Kostiushko can be seen . . . Lafayette Square . . . the White House . . . Washington. 11 Tadeush Kostiushko was born . . . Belarus, he fought... its independence and we can be proud . . . him.

Ex.17 Fill in the table with the main events of Tadeush Kostiushko’s life:

1746
1760
1776
1777
1794
1796
1817

Ex.18 Choose the best alternative according to the text:

1 Tadeush Kostiushko was

1. a kind and good-looking man;

1. an energetic and courageous man;

2. a rich and greedy man.

2 Tadeush Kostiushko was born

1. into a family of a rich merchant;

1. in a very old aristocratic family;

2. into a family of a poor artist.

3 He got his primary education

1. at a religious school;

1. together with Francisk Scaryna;

2. in a small village school.

4 After graduating from the university Tadeush Kostiushko

1. began to work as a school teacher;

1. decided to become a military man;

2. went to Paris to complete his education.

5 At the Military Academy in Paris Tadeush Kostiushko

1. was the best student;

1. took part in different demonstrations; „

c) got his revolutionary ideas.

6 When Tadeush Kostiushko came back from France

1. he decided to help his old parents;

1. he couldn't find any job;

2. worked from morning till night.

7 When Tadeush Kostiushko came to North America

1. it was independent from the British power at that time;

1. he began to study again;

2. it was fighting for its independence from the British power.

8 While serving in the American army Tadeush Kostiushko

1. was awarded the highest order of the USA;

1. became the commander-in-chief;

2. decided to reform it.

9 Tadeush Kostiushko became .

1. the most popular man in the USA;

1. a hero of the USA;

2. a citizen of the USA.

10 Tadeush Kostiushko took part

1. in the work of the Congress;

1. in the uprising against Great Britain;

2. in the uprising against Russia and Prussia.

11 Tadeush Kostiushko was wounded in a battle and

1. taken into a prison;

1. sent to the best hospital;

2. sent home to recuperate.

12 Tadeush Kostiushko loved his Motherland very much but

1. he couldn't live there because of his relatives;

1. he had to live and die abroad;

2. he wanted to live in the USA.

13 There are monuments to Tadeush Kostiushko in

1. Washington, Krakow, Chicago, Cleveland, Milwaukee;

1. Washington, New York, Chicago, Krakow, Milwaukee;

2. Krakow, Chicago, Cleveland, London, Paris, Milwaukee.

TEXT C

Charlie Chaplin

The person I am going to write about is Charlie Chaplin. He has always been one of my favourite actors and I really admire his films.

Charlie was born in London in 1889. Both his parents were music hall performers. His father was a drunkard and his mother later went mad. Life was hard and Charlie and his half-brother, Sidney, were sent to an orphanage for a time.

He first appeared on the stage when he was seven and by the time he was ten was a regular performer. When he was 17, he went on a tour of the USA where he was spotted and given a part in a Hollywood film.

His early films were not particularly successful but in 1915 he made his masterpiece, The Tramp, in which he first appeared in the baggy trousers and with the hat and cane. Soon he had had his own studio built and was making his own films which included The Gold Rush, Modern Times and The Great Dictator.

In the 1940s his reputation in the USA started to decline. Silent films were not so popular. Chaplin went to Europe but was not allowed to return to the USA because he was suspected of being a communist. The authorities finally let him back in 1972 and he was awarded an Oscar, but by this time he had made Switzerland his home.

Chaplin did not have a happy personal life and was married four times. He only found happiness with his fourth married in 1943. When he died on Christmas Day 1977, the world had lost one of the greatest ever comedians.

I Read this biography of Charlie Chaplin and find out:

1 how old he was when he first performed in America;

2 when he invented The Tramp;

3 how many of his films are mentioned;

4 how many countries he lived in;

5 how many times he was married.

II Read the biography again and decide how happy and successful you think he was at different times of his life on a scale of 1to 5.

5 = very happy/successful

1 = very unhappy/unsuccessful

	CHILDHOOD	YOUTH	MIDDLE AGE	OLD AGE
happy
successful

When you have finished, discuss your opinions with a partner.

III Write a biography of someone you admire or write your autobiography!

TEST I

PAST SIMPLE

1. There isn't a cloud in the sky, but it (be) cloudy in the morning.

1. Mrs. Clay usually finishes her work at half past three, but she (finish) it later yesterday afternoon.

2. Every day I help Mom about the house, but last week I was very busy with my exam. So I (not / help) her much.

3. Tom isn't playing tennis tomorrow afternoon,he (not / play) tennis yesterday.

4. We generally have lunch at 12.30, but yesterday we (have lunch) later.

5. Now my brother smokes a lot, but he (not/ smoke) before.

6. The Frasers live in a four-room apartment, but last year they (live) in a small house in the country.

8 1 don't eat meat at all, but the other day I visited my friends and (eat) pork there.

9 My Dad always goes to work by car, but last week he (go) to work on foot.

10 The weather is nice today, but it (be) bad yesterday.

11 We rarely watch television, but last week we (watch) a lot of interesting programmes.

12 – Do you often see Tom?

– Not often, but I (see) him at the party the other day.

13 I (get) to the market myself last time, but now I don't remember how to get there.