II. Find the Ukrainian equivalents in the right-hand column for the words in the bold type:

1. Education in Ukraine is compulsory. 1. визначні

2. All the citizens of our country have the right to study. 2. громадяни

3. The education and upbringing of the Ukrainian youth

is the main task of our state. 3. визнання

4. The teachers have made a great contribution to

the scientific and engineering progress of the country. 4. обов'язкове

5. Many profound scientists devoted their lives

to the development of education and upbringing of the

young people in our country. 5. виховання

6. A.Makarenko worked in the field of this science

through all his life. 6. вклад

6. His books are widely known and have received

world-wide recognition. 7. протягом

всього життя.

6. He tried to bring up citizens; the land of Ukraine 8. пишалася

would be proud of. 9. виховувати

III. Insert a suitable word or an expression from the right-hand column.

1.Our teachers work much and give all their time 1. devoted

to ... of the children.

2. They always ... new forms and methods of education. 2. contribution

3. The famous Ukrainian educator and scientist

Sukhomlinsky ... many years of his life ... to the

task of making educational ideas concrete and living. 3. upbringing

2. Their books and articles have got... not only in

our country but throughout the world as well. 4. recognition

2. Great Russian educator K.D.Ushinsky made

a great... to pedagogics. 5. search

IV. Find in the text words having the similar meaning:

famous, to assist, to end, to go on, deep, right, progress, to get, to begin, broad, artist, to want, to look for.

V. Find in the text words having the opposite meaning:

narrow, unknown, highest grade, to shut, to finish, to love, worse, joy, failure.

VI. Find in the text English equivalents for:

широко відоме, здобув прихильність, з ранку до вечора, зводити кінці з кінцями, протягом шкільних років, шукати нові форми і методи виховання, знаходити (відкривати), виховувати, початкова освіта, далекоглядний теоретик, присвятити себе літературній діяльності, формування характеру, вніс великий вклад, здобути всесвітнє визнання.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. What is A. S. Makarenko? 2. When and where was he bm? 3. What was his father? 4.Was his pay high or low? 5. Could the family make ends meet? 6. When did Makarenko start his pedagogical work? 7. When did he enter the Poltava Teacher Training mstitute? 8. Where did he work when he had graduated from the institute? 9. Have you read "Flags on the Towers"? 10. What field of science did Makarenko work in? 11. What did Makarenko devote all his life to?

Unit Eighteen

Education in Ukraine

Citizens of Ukraine have the right to education, which is guaranteed by the Constitution and ensured by the broad development of compulsory secondary, vocational, specialized secondary and higher education. In Ukraine there is a nine years compulsory education, but to enter a university one has to study two years more.

First children go to kindergartens. However everybody knows that at present very few boys and girls go to kindergartens. It is connected with the present economic situation in the country and low incomes of the majority of the population.

Since recently children begin to go to school at the age of 6 and study at primary school for four years. Here they learn to write and read get some basic knowledge of nature and history; they also have drawing, singing and physical training lessons. Then pupils transfer to secondary school. It is known that secondary education is free of charge and it is financed by the state. Not so long ago primary and secondary schools together are eleven years of study. Since 2001 after a new school reform had been launched school education was extended up to 12 years of studying, a twelve-point system replaced a five-point one; pupils began to be estimated by the level of their achievements (low, satisfactory, good, and high). After finishing school the school-leavers get Certificate of Secondary Education. After finishing secondary school, lyceum or gymnasium one can go on to higher education. To become a student applicants must take entrance exams, which are in July and August.

Higher educational institutions are headed by Rectors. Prorectors are in charge of academic and scientific work. The faculties are headed by the Deans. Since very recently higher educational establishments in Ukraine began to provide the graduates with bachelor's and master's degrees, magistracy was organized in most universities of Ukraine. Besides after five years of studies the graduates receive their diplomas and if someone feels that he has a special talent to some sciences he may take a postgraduate course.

Besides Institutes and Universities school-leavers (either after the ninth or the eleventh form) may go to vocational schools, technical schools or colleges.

Vocational schools train future workers for plants and factories. Technical schools give wider knowledge and skills in different subjects and train specialists (technicians, secretaries, librarians, etc.) for different kinds of enterprises.

Both for pupils and for students the school (academic) year begins on the first of September. This day is called the Day of Knowledge.

Both pupils and students have two terms during the year, but pupils have holidays four times a year while students - twice a year. In winter and in summer 11 и louts take their exams before having holidays.

I should admit that citizens of Ukraine show a great concern for education for themselves and their children as it gives a person the prospect for professional advance.