180 Derived class, parent class

193 classical object-oriented languages associate method, field and parent

212 by changing its parent. A good example is a window becoming an icon, as

372 Inheritance is a relationship between classes where one class is the parent

392 causes an ambiguity error iff more than one parent has match, CLOS creates

393 a linear precedence list, Self provides parent priorities, and Eiffel forces

394 renaming for any parent member conflicts.

417 with the parent class on top, but more demanding graphs (as is often the case

422 or to add a method to a parent class is an example.

424 Multiple Inheritance occurs when a class inherits from more than one parent.

441 parent members that conflict. Self prioritizes parents. CLOS merges member

466 parent more than once in a class graph (repeated inheritance), and there is

472 allowing both shared and non-shared occurrences of a parent to coexist. All

473 "features" in Eiffel (C++ members) of a repeated parent that are not to be

531 derived classes into a common base (or parent) is generalization [Booch 91,

591 act as a shared parent).

1246 list instead of a parent list. Thus, delegation's primary emphasis is

1267 delegation and classical systems, where parent classes have an extra level

programmers

3 "Objects" are the foundation of object-oriented programming, and are fundamental data types in object-oriented programming languages. These languages provide extensive syntactic and semantic support for object handling, including a hierarchical type system, special notation for declaring and calling methods, and facilities for hiding selected fields from client programmers. However, objects and object-oriented programming can be implemented in any language.

72 A number of well-known researchers and programmers have analysed the utility of OOP. Here is an incomplete list:

77 Paul Graham has suggested that the purpose of OOP is to act as a "herding mechanism" that keeps mediocre programmers in mediocre organizations from "doing too much damage". This is at the expense of slowing down productive programmers who know how to use more powerful and more compact techniques.

79 Richard Mansfield, author and former editor of COMPUTE! magazine, states that "like countless other intellectual fads over the years ("relevance", communism, "modernism", and so on—history is littered with them), OOP will be with us until eventually reality asserts itself. But considering how OOP currently pervades both universities and workplaces, OOP may well prove to be a durable delusion. Entire generations of indoctrinated programmers continue to march out of the academy, committed to OOP and nothing but OOP for the rest of their lives."[38] He also is quoted as saying "OOP is to writing a program, what going through airport security is to flying".

697 etc. most programmers think of. Modern software engineering methodologies;

1744 With HP ORB Plus, programmers can develop scalable, object-based

1762 reduces the complexity of developing distributed applications so programmers

1800 provide programmers with a rapid development environment for creating and

1937 approach to filtering, and more code examples to guide programmers.

1940 Architecture (CORBA) standard. With Orbix, programmers can develop

1950 populated with all objects or services available at runtime keeping programmers

2287 Without GC programmers must explicitly deallocate dynamic storage when

2302 5: In order to avoid problems 3 and 4, programmers may end up copying

2306 6: Because keeping track of storage is extra work, programmers often

2373 low-level knowledge of how memory is structured. For example, programmers

2376 of an object or the object itself. Programmers sometimes use reference

2418 their manually managed brethren. [3] In fact, multi-media programmers

required