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18 A survey by Deborah j. Armstrong of nearly 40 years of computing literature identified a number of "quarks", or fundamental concepts, found in the strong majority of definitions of oop.

75 Christopher J. Date stated that critical comparison of OOP to other technologies, relational in particular, is difficult because of lack of an agreed-upon and rigorous definition of OOP. Date and Darwen propose a theoretical foundation on OOP that uses OOP as a kind of customizable type system to support RDBMS.

1468 Wirfs-Brock, R.J. and Johnson, R.E., "Surveying Current Research in Object-

1475 Henderson-Sellers, B. and Edwards, J.M. - Methodology for Object-oriented

1479 Martin, J., Odell, J. - Object-oriented analysis and design, 1992.

1480 Martin, J., Odell, J. - Principles of object-oriented analysis and design,

1482 Rumbaugh, J. et.al. - Object-oriented modeling and design, 1991.

1483 Shlaer, S., Mellor, S.J. - Object-oriented systems analysis: Modeling the

2494 Cheatham Thomas J., and Lee Mellinger, "Testing Object-Oriented

2509 Graham, J.A., Drakeford, A.C.T., Turner, C.D. 1993. The Verification,

2511 J. Vol 11, No 3. One author's email address is

2513 Harrold, Mary Jean, John D. McGregor, and Kevin J. Fitzpatrick,

2573 Smith, M. D. and D. J. Robson, " A Framework for Testing Object-Oriented

2583 Smith, M. D. and D. J. Robson, "Object-Oriented Programming - the

2593 Turner, C. D. and D. J. Robson, "The Testing of Object-Oriented Programs",

2605 Turner, C. D. and D. J. Robson, "A Suite of Tools for the State-Based

2617 Turner, C. D. and D. J. Robson, "Guidance for the Testing of Object-

2628 Turner, C. D. and D. J. Robson, "State-Based Testing and Inheritance",

message

31 Message passing

216 message passing mechanism (as with dynamic scoping) than inheritance, which

592 1.18) What Is A Method? (And Receiver And Message) (Object-Oriented Technology)

595 and message passing.

602 notations for invoking a method, and this invocation can be called a message

603 (or message passing, see below):

604 receiver.message_name(a1, a2, a3)

605 receiver message_name: a1 parm1: a2 parm3: a3

606 Selector would be another good choice for message_name in the above examples,

609 If done statically, this can be referred to as invocation, and message passing

613 message based (receiver based) notation.

683 can occur with multiple-polymorphism (or even dynamic message passing).

869 with the following message:

1083 handles the message in its own way (OO). If an (application) object can cut

1247 on message passing where an object could delegate responsibility of a message

1350 ODMG, send an email message to info@odmg.org and you will receive an

2177 DOME allows message transfer from one object to another object,

2179 the message interface to an object, and dynamically invoke an object.

2380 3. Message Passing Leads to Dynamic Execution Paths

subclass

16 More recently, a number of languages have emerged that are primarily object-oriented yet compatible with procedural methodology, such as Python and Ruby. Probably the most commercially important recent object-oriented languages are Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) and C#, both designed for Microsoft's .NET platform, and Java, developed by Sun Microsystems. Both frameworks show the benefit of using OOP by creating an abstraction from implementation in their own way. VB.NET and C# support cross-language inheritance, allowing classes defined in one language to subclass classes defined in the other language. Developers usually compile Java to bytecode, allowing Java to run on any operating system for which a Java virtual machine is available. VB.NET and C# make use of the Strategy pattern to accomplish cross-language inheritance, whereas Java makes use of the Adapter pattern[citation needed].

25 Open recursion – a special variable (syntactically it may be a keyword), usually called this or self, that allows a method body to invoke another method body of the same object. This variable is late-bound; it allows a method defined in one class to invoke another method that is defined later, in some subclass thereof.

179 member data, subclass

251 could be declared protected allowing subclass access. C++ also allows a

421 by making a small change to a class. Creating a subclass to alter a method

498 (typing based on subclassing, or subclass polymorphism), since only an object

530 To create a subclass is specialization, to factor out common parts of

668 violates subtype polymorphism, because only subclass polymorphism is based on

921 provided by base classes or types (subclass and subtype polymorphism,

971 (subclass) in languages, especially if records are allowed to have functional

977 Ada95, C++, CLOS, Eiffel and etc. (subclass polymorphism). Smalltalk also

978 uses inclusion polymorphism; its used in declaring classes, and subclass

980 polymorphism specifies an instance of a subclass can appear wherever an

1011 [As inclusion polymorphism covers both subtype and subclass polymorphism,

1021 conventional, classical OO and subclass polymorphism.]

1060 subclass polymorphism to be more specific (see section 2.1). Pure statically

1153 Subtype Polymorphism, as opposed to Subclass Polymorphism, is the best answer

1168 based on class, or subclass polymorphism). This insures all operations to be

1176 (subclass polymorphism), as is typical in most OOPLs. Dropping this

1193 to inherit from them, providing a subclass polymorphism facility, and ACs can

delegation

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