Module 6 unit 2

	Text: Drug trafficking.
	Grammar: Revision .

TYPES OF DRUGS

Drugs are probably as old as mankind. There have been drugs in practically all civilizations.

A distinction must be made between legal and illegal drugs, depending on the country and culture concerned. Alcohol, for instance, while popular in most parts of the world, is prohibited in many Muslim countries.

Legal drugs in Ukraine - and most Western countries - are caffeine (coffee), nicotine (tobacco) and alcohol (beer, wine, spirits) as well as certain medical tablets which can be obtained without prescription. Certain glues and solvents are likewise misused as drugs, especially among 12 to 16-year-olds.

There are four large groups of illegal drugs, three of which are based on plants (hemp, poppy and coca), with the fourth group being synthetic drugs.

Hemp (cannabis) is the raw material for hashish and marihuana. These drugs are mainly smoked mixed with tobacco as «joints». Consumption produces, among other things, hallucinations and mental disorders, and, like alcohol, impairs fitness to drive.

The opium poppy is the base for opium and heroin. Both drugs have been used as pain killers, but they are extremely addictive.

Opium is usually smoked while heroin is injected. Many heroin addicts contract AIDS because they share syringes. Long-term heroin abuse leads to physical breakdown and, eventually, death.

Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and is usually snorted. After a brief moment of euphoria, cocaine users suffer, among other things, from hallucinations, panic and persecution mania, which, in turn, often produce aggressiveness.

Crack (cocaine heated together with baking powder) causes addiction right from the beginning.

There are many synthetic drugs, like LSD and ecstasy, and nobody knows what drugs chemists will come up with next. The so-called designer drugs are specially designed variations of illegal drugs. The clandestine manufacturers seek to escape the provisions of the controlled substances acts in the consumers' countries.

Drug addicts who want to get clean often suffer from severe and painful withdrawal symptoms. This is why many rehabilitation schemes are not very successful. As drugs are extremely expensive, «junkies» often turn to crime like theft and burglary to finance their habit. Female addicts frequently «earn» the necessary money through prostitution.

Remember

All drugs carry RISKS

• The effects may be unexpected.

• Many drugs sold on the «street» have been mixed with other substances, so users can never be sure what they are getting.

• Users can become tolerant to some drugs. This means their bodies have become so used to the drug they need to take more to get the effect they want.

• Users may overdose (take too much for their bodies to handle). With alcohol, heroin, gases, glues and aerosols, an overdose can prove fatal.

Vocabulary

drugs -		наркотики
for instance -		наприклад
prohibited -		заборонений
prescription -		рецепт
glues -		клей
solvents -		розчин
hemp -		конопля
joint -		сигарета з маріхуаною
consumption -		споживання
mental disorders -		психічний розлад
to impair fitness -		порушити здатість
poppy -		опійний мак
addictive -		що визиває звичку
addiction -		звикання
addicts -		наркомани
syringe -		шприц
abuse -		зловживання
to snort -		вдихати
to suffer -		страждати
persecution mania -		манія переслідування
clandestine -		підпільний, нелеганий
withdrawal - symptoms		абстинентний синдром

Ех. 1. Guess the meaning of the international words:

Civilization, narcotic, alcohol, popular, substance, legal, opium, synthetic, to inject, effect, dose, to concentrate, apathy, physical, rehabilitation, depression, mania, risk, tolerance, intensity, euphoria, normal, function, total, character, action, panic, medical, tablet, hallucination, aggressiveness, symptom.

Ex. 2. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Junkie, pain killer, Muslim countries, misuse, to snort, hallucinations and mental disorders, drug addict, the coca bush, hemp, manufacturer, the raw material, the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), synthetic drugs, to consu­mer, contract AIDS.

Ex. 3. Match the following adjectives with the nouns and translate the word-combinations:

medical	material
raw	drugs
clandstine	tablets
synthetic	manufacturers
illegal

Ex. 4. Write out the words and expressions with the word "drug" from the text.

Ex. 5. Match English and Ukrainian equivalents:

aggressiveness	індійські коноплі
boredom	виробник
caffeine	рецепт
curiosity	спілкування
manufacturer	мак
mental disorder	агресивність
рорру	психічний розлад
prescription	кофеїн
sociability	цікавість
cannabis	нудьга

Ex. 6. Group the following words and word- combinations into 4 logical groups:

Panic, caffeine, ecstasy, inject, heroin, smoke, persecution mania, opium, swallow, hashish, medical tablets, LSD, snort, aggressiveness, marihuana, hallucination, nicotine, mental disorder, alcohol.

legal drug

illegal drug

method of use

drugs effect

Ex. 7. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:

Наркотик, мак, споживач, тютюн та індійські коноплі змішані в одній цигарці, наркоман, психічний розлад, зловживати, закон про наркотичні речовини, лікарські рослини, виробник, вдихати наркотик носом, залежність від наркотиків.

Ех. 8. Translate the words and word- combinations in the box and complete the following sentences: