2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1) design of walls; 6) fire wall;

2) concrete block; 7) plywood siding;

3) timber frame; 8) decay-resistant material;

4) fire resistance; 9) veneer plaster systems;

5) wood studs; 10) a gypsum board wall.

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1) наружные стены; 6) давление воздуха;

2) внутренние стены; 7) легкий вес;

3) верхние этажи; 8) затраты труда;

4) каменная кладка; 9) принять во внимание;

5) акустическая изоляция; 10) покрытие поверхности.

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык.

1) construct; 6) separate;

2) differ; 7) structure;

3) found; 8) isolate;

4) resist; 9) build;

5) care; 10) cheap.

5. Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: числительные, времена групп Continuous и Perfect активного и пассивного залога; согласование времен; функции глаголов to be, to have; усилительные конструкции; неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные:

1. Interior walls and partitions have simple surfaces but materials they are made of should be carefully chosen and combined.

2. Shaft walls are used to enclose a multistory open space in a building.

3. Plaster-type finishes have always been the most popular for walls and ceilings in wood frame buildings.

4. After the Second World War gypsum board became highly popular because of its lower cost and comparative ease of installation.

5. Some buildings are known to require fire walls, or fire separation walls between living units; in such buildings a gypsum board wall for fire resistance can be installed.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is the function of external walls?

2. What is the function of interior walls?

3. What is the function of a fire walls?

4. What are the advantages of plywood siding materials?

5. Why should plywood sidings be painted?

6. Which plywood sidings can be used without the surface coverage?

7. What are the advantages of plaster-type finishes?

8. Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2-3 предложения).

9. Составьте реферат текста (10-15 предложений).

10. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

ВАРИАНТ 18

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Ceiling

Ceilings are considered to be extremely important parts of any room. A well-designed ceiling is one of the most pleasing features of a room. In modern constructions the variants of ceilings are limitless.

Ceilings can be produced of many various materials both natural and artificial. Their colours, texture, pattern, and shape are of great importance for the visual impression of the room. Ceilings of any materials may be attached to wood joists. Usually they are attached very carefully and tightly. They may be attached to wood joists, wood rafters, or steel joints.

A ceiling can be a simple, level plane. Or it can be two or more sloping planes. It should be noted that these planes correspond to the form of the roof construction above.

The ceiling surface is an important functional component in any room. It can have a luminous surface or a richly ornamented and decorated surface. It is of importance to note that it should be constructed in such a way as to help control the spread of light and sound about the room. One more important feature of the ceiling surface is its resistance to the spread of fire.

Suspended plaster ceiling. Suspended plaster ceilings have been in use already for several decades. How are suspended ceilings characterized? Suspended ceiling is a finish ceiling. It is hung on wires from the structure above, some distance below the room structure. It can be hung level and flat.

As for girders, beam, joists, and slabs above, they can be of varying sizes.

Suspended ceilings can be produced of almost any materials. Among them the most widely used are gypsum, board, plaster, and various boards made of fibers. Each of these materials is supported on its own system of small steel framing members. The framing members, in their turn, are hung from the structures on heavy and strong steel wires.

Suspended plaster ceilings are rather popular in modern constructions of different kinds.Ceilings produced of fibrous materials are classified as acoustical ceilings. Their most useful property is high absorption of sound energy. As to plaster of gypsum board ceilings, they are highly reflective of sound energy.

Installations placed above the ceiling. Nowadays suspended ceilings have become a very popular and economical feature in many types of buildings. The most numerous among these buildings are office and laboratory structures. Many of them install and maintain complex mechanical and electrical installations above the ceiling. These installations include air conditioning ducts, water and waste piping, and electrical and communications wiring. They also include such services as fume ducting, vacuum piping, fuel gas lines, compressed air lines, water piping, and chemical waste piping. All these ducts and pipes occupy a considerable space in the buildings. In some of them they may be equal to the amount of their living space.

Ducts, pipes, and conduits can be placed in the space between the ceiling and the structure. Lighting fixtures, loudspeakers, and fire detection devices may also be installed into the ceiling. Many such constructions can serve as membrane fire protection for the floor and roof structure above.

It should be taken into account that any of these mechanical and electrical systems are rather complex. Naturally they are subject to frequent change and damage. That’s why they require permanent observation, maintenance, and repair. In order to guarantee their permanent observation and repair, a suspended ceiling must be supplied with scaffolding possessing sufficient structural strength to support workers who install, maintain, and renew mechanical and electrical systems above the ceiling of the building.