- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Contents
- •The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45 the present indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
- •1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. To denote actions and states continuing at the moment of speaking (with stative and relational verbs).
- •11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
- •12. To denote past actions in newspapers headlines.
- •3. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Indications of time are not necessary.
- •VII. Verbs denoting effect or influence: astonish, impress, please, satisfy, surprise. Feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms
- •2. Look
- •3. Smell
- •4.Taste
- •See and hear used in the continuous forms
- •Think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms
- •The past indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Past Indefinite.
- •Verbs ending in -e add -d only:
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •If the period is over or reference is made to a particular past point of time within that
- •8. To express a future action viewed from the past. This use is found in reported speech and
- •4. The contracted negative forms are:
- •5. The negative- interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Past Continuous.
- •1. It serves to express an action which is going on at a given moment in the past.
- •2. The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past.
- •The future indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
- •1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
- •II. The conracted negative forms are:
- •3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Future Continuous.
- •1. The Future Continuous is used to denote an action which will be going on at a definite moment in the future.
- •2. The Future Continuous is very often used in modern English in the same meaning as the Future Indefinite, I. E. To denote a future action.
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Had he not worked?
- •Hadn’t you worked?
- •III. The use of the Past Perfect
- •The Squire was purple with anger before his son had done speaking.
- •In negative sentences:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •1. The past moment from which the action expressed by the Past Perfect Continuous is viewed may be indicated:
- •The future perfect tense
- •I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Will he not have worked?
- •Shan’t we have worked?
- •III. The use of the Future Perfect
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Appendix
- •I. Some spelling rules
- •I. Doubling the final consonant.
- •II. Mute Final e.
- •III. Final -y and Its Modifications.
II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
I’d have worked
He’d have worked
The contracted negative forms are:
I shouldn’t have worked
He wouldn’t have worked
The negative-interrogative forms are:
Should I have worked?
Shouldn’t I have worked?
Would he not have worked?
Wouldn’t he have worked?
III. The use of the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past
1. The Future-Perfect-in-the-Past is used to denote an action completed before a definite moment which was future from the point of view of the past.
I wondered whether they would have reached the place by noon.
They assured me that they would have finished their work by six o’clock.
An action begun before a given future moment and continued into that future moment, in both cases when the future moment is viewed from the past.
She wrote to me that by the first of July she would have been at the seaside for a
fortnight.
HE FUTURE-PERFECT-CONTINUOUS-IN-THE-PAST TENSE
I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
The Future-Continuous-in-the-Past is formed by means of the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle I of the notional verb.
In the interrogative form of the first auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.
|
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|
I should have been working |
Should I have been working? |
I should not have been working |
|
You would have been working |
Would you have been working? |
He would not have been working |
|
He/she/it would have been working |
Would he/she/it have been working? |
He/she/it would not have been working |
|
We should have been working |
Should we have been working? |
We should not have been working |
|
They would have been working |
Would they have been working? |
They would not have been working |
II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
I’d have been working
He’d have been working
The contracted negative forms are:
I shouldn’t have been working
He wouldn’t have been working
The negative-interrogative forms are:
Should I not have been working?
Shouldn’t you have been working?
Would he not have been working?
Wouldn’t he have been working?
III. The use of the Future-Perfect-Continuous-in-the-Past
The Future-Perfect-Continuous-in-the-Past denotes an action lasting during a certain period of time before a definite moment which was future from the point of view of the past.
I wondered how long they would have been packing by the time I returned.
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
The verbs in roman type are verbs which are not very common in modern English but may be found in literature. When a verb has two possible forms and one is less usual than the other, the less usual one will be printed in roman.
Compounds of irregular verbs form their past tenses and past participles in the same way as the original verb:
|
come came |
come |
|
|
overcome overcame overcome |
| |
|
set set |
set |
|
|
upset upset |
upset |
|
|
Simple past |
Past participle |
|
abode |
abode |
|
arose |
arisen |
|
awoke/awaked |
awoken/awaked |
|
was |
been |
|
bore |
borne/born* |
|
beat |
beaten |
|
became |
become |
|
befell |
befallen |
|
begot |
begotten |
|
began |
begun |
|
beheld |
beheld |
|
bent |
bent |
|
bereaved |
bereaved/bereft* |
|
besought |
besought |
|
betted/bet |
betted/bet |
|
bade |
bidden |
|
bid |
bid |
|
bound |
bound |
|
bit |
bitten |
|
|
bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built burned/burnt burst bought could cast caught chid chose clove/cleft clung clothed/clad came cost crept crowed/crew cut dared/durst dealt /delt/ dug did drew dreamed/dreamt /dri:md, dremt/ drank drove dwelled/dwelt ate fell fed felt fought found fled flung flew forbore forbade forgot forgave forsook froze got gilded/gilt girded/girt gave went ground grew hanged/hung had heard /h3:d/ hewed hid hit held hurt kept knelt knit knew laid led leaned/leant /li:nd, lent/ leaped/leapt /li:pt, lept/ learned/learnt left lent let lay lighted/lit lost made might meant /ment/ met mowed had to ---------- paid put read /red/ rent rid rode rang rose ran sawed said /sed/ saw sought sold sent set sewed shook should sheared/shore shed shone shoed/shod shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slew slept slid slung slunk slit smelled/smelt smote sowed spoke speeded/sped spelled/spelt spent spilled/spilt spun spat split spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank/stunk strewed strode struck strung strove swore swept swelled swam swung took taught tore told thought thrived/throve threw thrust trod understood undertook waked/woke wore wove wept wetted/wet would won wound wrung wrote |
bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built burned/burnt burst bought be able cast caught chidden chosen cloven/cleft* clung clothed/clad come cost crept crowed cut dared/dmst dealt /delt/ dug done drawn dreamed/dreamt /dri:md, dremt/ drunk driven dwelled/dwelt eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flung flown forborne forbidden forgotten forgiven forsaken frozen got gilded/gilt girded/girt given gone ground grown hanged/hung* had heard /h3:d/ hewed/hewn hidden hit held hurt kept knelt knit known laid led leaned/leant /li:nd, lent/ leaped/leapt /li:pt, lept/ learned/learnt left lent let lain lighted/lit lost made meant ment met mowed/mown
--------- paid put read /red/ rent rid ridden rung risen run sawed/sawn said /sed/ seen sought sold sent set sewed/sewn shaken
sheared/shorn shed shone shoed shod shot showed/shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slain slept slid slung slunk slit smelled/smelt smitten sowed/sown spoken speeded/sped spelled/spelt spent spilled/spilt spun spat split spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk strewed/strewn stridden struck strung striven sworn swept swelled/swollen swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrived/thriven thrown thrust trodden/trod understood undertaken waked/woken worn woven wept wetted/wet ---------- won wound wrung written |