3. The contracted negative forms are:

I`ll be working

He`ll be working

They `ll be working

The contracted negative forms are:

I shan`t be working

He won`t be working

4. The negative-interrogative forms are:

Shall I not be working? Will he not be working?

Shan`t I be working? Won`t he be working?

II. The use of the Future Continuous.

1. The Future Continuous is used to denote an action which will be going on at a definite moment in the future.

I wonder whether we shall ever arrive at a decision. I am sure the next time you call we shall still be wavering.

This time tomorrow I’ll be skiing.

Good luck with the exam. We’ll be thinking of you.

The definite moment is indicated either by another future action expressed by a verb in the Present Indefinite or by an adverbial phrase.

I shall already be working when you return.

At 12 o’clock I shall still be working.

The definite moment is often not expressed, but is understood from the situation.

I am sure you won’t be able to speak to him, he will be working.

2. The Future Continuous is very often used in modern English in the same meaning as the Future Indefinite, I. E. To denote a future action.

But my dear Ann Veronica, you will be getting into debt.

Give my love to Lady Mont, shan’t be seeing her again.

If you don’t take care, he’ll be getting transferred to China and marrying a purser’s daughter.

3. To talk about things which are already planned or decided

I shall be going to the shop later.Do you want me to get anything?

In this meaning it is similar to the Present Continuous

I am going to the shop later.

4. To ask about people’s plans, especially when we want something or want someone to do something

-Will you be using your car this evening?

-No, you can take it.

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

I. The formation of the Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect is built by means of the auxiliary verb to have in the Present Indefinite and Participle II of the notional verb (with regular verbs the Participle is formed by adding the suffix –ed, irregular verbs are used in the form of Participle II according to the list of irregular verbs).

In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.

In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb.

Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative
I have worked	Have I worked?	I have not worked
You have worked	Have you worked?	You have not worked
He/She/It has worked	Has he/she/it worked?	He/She/It has not worked
We have worked	Have we worked?	We have not worked
They have worked	Have they worked?	They have not worked

II. The contracted affirmative forms are:

I’ve worked

He’s worked

You’ve worked

The contracted negative forms are:

I haven’t worked

He hasn’t worked

You haven’t worked

The negative-interrogative forms are:

Has she not worked?

Hasn’t she worked?

Have you not worked?

Haven’t you worked?

III. The use of the Present Perfect

1. In English we usually use the Present Perfect to talk about actions in the past when we are not thinking or talking about the exact time that they took place. The time is not important. However there may be results or effects now.

Have you met Peter?

(We are not interested in when you met him, only if you have or not.)

Vicky has already eaten her lunch.

(We are not interested in when.)

I’ve broken the window.

(It doesn’t matter when I broke the window. What matters is that now I’m in trouble!)

2. We can use the Present Perfect for longer actions which started in the past and are still happening.

I have lived in Vienna for two years.

(I was in Vienna two years ago. I am still in Vienna now.)

I have worked for this company for over two years.

3. We use the present perfect to show that an action happened during a period of time up to now.

I’ve only seen six tigers.

(In my life up to now.)

Have you been to Denmark?

(In your life up to now.)

This means that we can use the present perfect for actions where the time has not yet finished.

Thursday: I’ve seen two films this week.

(The week has not finished yet.)

4. We use the Present Perfect for an action that happened in the past and may happen again. We can show that something will not happen again by using the past simple.

I have been to the Moscow State Circus.

(And may go again.)

Compare:

I went to the circus last year.

(Now it has left and I can’t go again.)

◆BEEN and GONE

He has gone to Spain. (He has left and is still there.)

He has been to Spain. (He has visited and come back.)

He has been in Spain for a week. (He left a week ago and is still there.)

5. We can use the Present Perfect with the following “time guides”: just, already, yet, always, ever, never, often, lately, of late, recently, so far, up to now, repeatedly.

Hello, have you just arrived?

I have already started my new job.

We haven’t seen George recently.

They haven’t had any problems so far.

6. We use the Present Perfect after a superlative.

What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.

7. We use the Present Perfect with This is the first time…, It’s the first time….

Ron is driving a car. It’s his first time behind the wheel of a car. This is the first time he has driven a car.

Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?

8. We use the Present Perfect with for + length of time and since + a time in the past. We use the Present Perfect to ask or say how long something has been happening up to now. We use the Past Indefinite to say when something happened.

How long have you been here? - I have been here for two weeks.

I have been here since Monday.

We do not use for in expressions with all (all day / all morning / all week / all my life etc.)

I’ve lived here all my life.

◆In the clause introduced by since the Past Indefinite is used to indicate the starting point of an action.

Your daughter has become a real beauty since I saw her last.

◆Note the structure How long is it since…?

-How long is it since you had a holiday?

-It’s two hours since I had a holiday. (I haven’t had a holiday for two years.)

It’s ages since Tom visited us. (He hasn’t visited us for ages.)