- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Contents
- •The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45 the present indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
- •1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. To denote actions and states continuing at the moment of speaking (with stative and relational verbs).
- •11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
- •12. To denote past actions in newspapers headlines.
- •3. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Indications of time are not necessary.
- •VII. Verbs denoting effect or influence: astonish, impress, please, satisfy, surprise. Feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms
- •2. Look
- •3. Smell
- •4.Taste
- •See and hear used in the continuous forms
- •Think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms
- •The past indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Past Indefinite.
- •Verbs ending in -e add -d only:
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •If the period is over or reference is made to a particular past point of time within that
- •8. To express a future action viewed from the past. This use is found in reported speech and
- •4. The contracted negative forms are:
- •5. The negative- interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Past Continuous.
- •1. It serves to express an action which is going on at a given moment in the past.
- •2. The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past.
- •The future indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
- •1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
- •II. The conracted negative forms are:
- •3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Future Continuous.
- •1. The Future Continuous is used to denote an action which will be going on at a definite moment in the future.
- •2. The Future Continuous is very often used in modern English in the same meaning as the Future Indefinite, I. E. To denote a future action.
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Had he not worked?
- •Hadn’t you worked?
- •III. The use of the Past Perfect
- •The Squire was purple with anger before his son had done speaking.
- •In negative sentences:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •1. The past moment from which the action expressed by the Past Perfect Continuous is viewed may be indicated:
- •The future perfect tense
- •I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Will he not have worked?
- •Shan’t we have worked?
- •III. The use of the Future Perfect
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Appendix
- •I. Some spelling rules
- •I. Doubling the final consonant.
- •II. Mute Final e.
- •III. Final -y and Its Modifications.
11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
even if
even though
no matter how
whenever
whatever
however
Even if he hates me I shall never do him any harm.
I’ll have dinner whenever it’s ready.
12. To denote past actions in newspapers headlines.
Students Say No To New Weapon.
13. in narratives or stories to express a succession of actions in the past to make it more vividly (the so-called historic or dramatic present).
It was so unexpected. You see, I came home late last night, turned on the light and -
Whom do you see I think? Jack, old Jack, sleeping in the chair.
I give a cry and rush to him.
14. to denote completed actions with the meaning of the present perfect (with the verbs to forget, to hear, to be told).
I forget your telephone number.
I hear you are leaving for England?
I am told she returned from France last week.
15. in object clauses after to see (to), to take care, and to make (be) sure.
I’ll see that the lady is properly looked after.
He will take care that no one interferes with them.
16. in exclamatory and interrogative sentences.
My dear, how you throw about your money!
Why do you talk like that to me?
17. to indicate a future action which is certain to take place according to a timetable, programme, schedule, command or arrangement worked out for a person or persons officially. In this case the sentence usually contains an indication of time.
His ship sails tomorrow.
Can you tell me what time the game starts today, please?
When does Tom return from honeymoon?
18. To express immediate future in some special questions.
What do we do next?
Where do we go now?
What happens next?
19. with the verb say, when we are asking about or quoting from books, notices or very recently received letters.
What does that letter say?
I see you have got a letter from Ann. What does she say?
Shakespeare says, » Neither a borrower nor a lender be”
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
I. The formation of the Present Continuous Tense
1. The Present Continuous is formed by means of the Present Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle I of the notional verb.
2. In the interrogative from the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject. In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb.
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I am reading am I reading? I am not reading
He is reading is he reading? He is not reading
She is reading is she reading? She is not reading
We are reading are we reading? We are not reading
You are reading are you reading? You are not reading
They are reading are they reading? They are not reading