- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Contents
- •The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45 the present indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
- •1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. To denote actions and states continuing at the moment of speaking (with stative and relational verbs).
- •11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
- •12. To denote past actions in newspapers headlines.
- •3. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Indications of time are not necessary.
- •VII. Verbs denoting effect or influence: astonish, impress, please, satisfy, surprise. Feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms
- •2. Look
- •3. Smell
- •4.Taste
- •See and hear used in the continuous forms
- •Think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms
- •The past indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Past Indefinite.
- •Verbs ending in -e add -d only:
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •If the period is over or reference is made to a particular past point of time within that
- •8. To express a future action viewed from the past. This use is found in reported speech and
- •4. The contracted negative forms are:
- •5. The negative- interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Past Continuous.
- •1. It serves to express an action which is going on at a given moment in the past.
- •2. The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past.
- •The future indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
- •1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
- •II. The conracted negative forms are:
- •3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
- •II. The use of the Future Continuous.
- •1. The Future Continuous is used to denote an action which will be going on at a definite moment in the future.
- •2. The Future Continuous is very often used in modern English in the same meaning as the Future Indefinite, I. E. To denote a future action.
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Had he not worked?
- •Hadn’t you worked?
- •III. The use of the Past Perfect
- •The Squire was purple with anger before his son had done speaking.
- •In negative sentences:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •1. The past moment from which the action expressed by the Past Perfect Continuous is viewed may be indicated:
- •The future perfect tense
- •I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Will he not have worked?
- •Shan’t we have worked?
- •III. The use of the Future Perfect
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Appendix
- •I. Some spelling rules
- •I. Doubling the final consonant.
- •II. Mute Final e.
- •III. Final -y and Its Modifications.
The future indefinite (simple) tense
I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
and the notional verb without the particle to.
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I shall (will) work Shall I work? I shall not work
He will work Will he work? He will not work
She will work Will she work? She will not work
We shall work Shall we work? We shall not work
You will work Will you work? You will not work
They will work Will they work? They will not work
II. The conracted negative forms are:
I’ll work
He’ll work
They’ll work
The contracted negative forms are:
I shan’t work?
He won’t work
The negative-interrogative forms are:
Shall we not work? Will he not work?
Shan’t we work? Won’t he work?
III. The use of the Future Indefinite.
The Future Indefinite Tense is used:
1. to denote the speaker’s opinions, assumptions, speculations about the future (often with I believe,expect, hope, think, assume, be afraid, know, wonder, suppose etc. or accompanied by adverbs such as perhaps, possibly, probably,surely, but can be used without them).
I shall graduate next year.
He will be here any minute.
I think it will be a difficult game.
Perhaps he will find him at the hotel.
It can express a single point action that will be completed in the future or an action occupying a whole period of time in the future.
It will ruin her.
I know I'm right, and one of these days you'll realize it.
I think I shall remain in love with you all my life.
I hope you'll live for many years.
It can also express some permanent future actions generally characterizing the person denoted by the subject of the sentence.
I'm afraid he'll be a bit lonely, poor darling.
The old age pension will keep me in bread, tea and onions, and what more does an old man want?
2. in statements of general meaning to denote something that will be always true, i. e. to express the idea of the inevitability of an action.
Water will boil at 100 Centigrade.
No gentleman will remain seated with a lady standing.
The peculiarity of this tense is that its meaning contains some modelity, i. e. that of possibility, necessity or volition. Thus any action in the future is an action which is possible, necessary or desirable.
Note. The form “will+ Infinitive” may be used even in subordinate clauses of condition when the meaning of modality (volition) prevails over that of time indication.
I’ll be with you in ten minutes if you will wait for me.
Going my way?” “Yes. If you will give me a lift.