Английский язык (для зо) / умк_Славинская_Англ.яз_заоч._184-4

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… poor man had ... parrot. ... man taught it to say ... following words: "There is no doubt about it". ... parrot knew only these words. So when ... people asked ... parrot ... question he always answered: "There is no doubt about it".

One day ... poor man went to ... market to sell ... parrot. "Who will buy my parrot?" he cried. "Twenty pounds for my parrot." ... man, hearing ... high price, looked at ... parrot and said: – "Will anybo dy pay twenty pounds for you?" "There is no doubt about it," was ... parrot's answer. ... man liked ... answer very much and bought ... parrot.

Some time later he was sorry that he had bought ... parrot. Standing near

... parrot's cage he said: "It was silly of me to pay so much money for ... parrot". "There is no doubt about it," cried ... parrot. And this time ... parrot was right.

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Работа с текстами

Объясните употребление или отсутствие артиклей перед суще- ствительными в следующих текстах. Передайте содержание прочитан- ного на родном языке.

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Two Americans were travelling in Spain. One morning they came into a little restaurant for lunch. They did not know Spanish and their waiter did not know English. They wanted him to understand that they wanted some milk and sandwiches.

At first they pronounced the word "milk" many times. Then they spelled it. But the waiter could not understand them. At last one of them took a piece of paper and began to draw a cow. He was finishing his drawing, when the waiter looked at it and ran out of the restaurant.

"Do you see", said one of the travellers, "what a pencil can do for a man who has difficulties in a foreign country?"

The waiter was back again soon, but he brought no milk. He put down in front of the two men two tickets for a bull-fight.

London

London is the capital of England, of Great Britain and the British Commonwealth.

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Modern London is not one city, it is a number of towns and villages that have grown together. London stretches for nearly thirty miles from North to South, and nearly thirty miles from East to West. The City of London is a very small part of the whole: it's only one square mile in area. The City is the financial centre of London.

Trafalgar Square is the centre of London. There is Nelson's Column in the centre of Trafalgar Square.

The river Thames divides London into two parts known as the North Bank and the South Bank. There are the Houses of Parliament, built on the banks of the Thames at Westminster.

Shops and art-galleries and museums are in the West End of London. Working class of London is centered in the East End. In this part of London there are main docks and factories.

There are many parks in London. St. James' Park is one of the most beautiful parks of London. It is situated almost in the middle of the city.

Ключ

К к упр. 4 (I. 4).

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William Shakespeare was born in the year 1564 at Stratford-on-Avon in England. Stratford is a small town in a farming district near the centre of England. The Avon, which is a pretty river with grass and trees all along its banks, runs through Stratford. Not much is known of Shakespeare's father. He was a farmer who sold meat and bought and sold wool. He

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was poor and was often in money difficulties. Very little is known about the life of his only son William also. The little house in which he was born still stands. It is now a museum. He went to school in Stratford. Shakespeare arrived in London about the year 1586. Probably the first work he did was at one of the two theatres that were in London at that time. Then he became an actor and soon began to write plays for the company of actors to which he belonged.

Shakespeare bought the largest house in his native town in 1597; but he didn't spend much time there till 1610. He spent the last years of his life mostly at Stratford, but he often visited London and his friends among the actors and the poets there. He died in 1616. A/the monument with his bust by a London sculptor was put up to him in Stratford a few years later.

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A poor man had a parrot. The man taught it to say the following words: "There is no doubt about it." The parrot knew only these words. So when people asked the parrot a question he always answered: "There is no doubt about it"

One day the poor man went to the market to sell the parrot. "Who will buy my parrot?" he cried. "Twenty pounds for my parrot." A man, hearing the high price, looked at the parrot and said: – "Will anybody pay twenty pounds for you ?" "There is no doubt about it," was the parrot's answer. The man liked the answer very much and bought the parrot.

Some time later he was sorry that he had bought the parrot. Standing near the parrot's cage he said: "It was silly of me to pay so much money for a parrot." "There is no doubt about it," cried the parrot. And this time the parrot was right.

УЭ-2

ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ (THE ADJECTIVE)

A

Общее значение прилагательных – значение качества того или иного предмета, лица, явления или понятия.

По степеням сравнения изменяются только те прилагательные, кото- рые обозначают признаки, изменяющиеся по степеням интенсивности – например, возможно образование степеней сравнения у прилагательного big – « большой» (предмет может быть более или менее крупным), но не- мыслимо образование степеней сравнения у прилагательного daily – еже- дневный, ибо не может быть явлений «более или менее ежедневных».

Существует три степени сравнения:

1) Положительная (или нейтральная), обозначающая качество (свой- ство) предмета, лица или явления вне сравнения с другим предметом, ли- цом или явлением, т. е. употребление прилагательного в его нейтральной

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форме без выражения усиления качества (свойства): long – длинный, big –

большой, useful – полезный.

2) Сравнительная – обозначает большую степень данного качества или свойства у того или другого предмета, лица или явления сравнительно с тем же качеством у какого-нибудь другого предмета, лица или явления (или у того же предмета, лица или явления в другое время): longer –

длиннее, bigger – больше, more useful – полезнее.

3) Превосходная – обозначает наивысшую степень проявления качества (свойства) у того или иного предмета, лица или явления среди всех одно- родных предметов, лиц или явлений, обладающих тем же качеством (или у

Степени сравнения у некоторых прилагательных образуются от дру- гих корней (так же, как и у некоторых прилагательных в русском языке):

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После сравнительной степени употребляется союз than, который переводится словом чем или совсем не переводится.

Прилагательные в превосходной степени, определяющие существитель- ное или замещающие его, употребляются с определенным артиклем the:

ЗАМЕТЬТЕ:

1. most также употребляется с прилагательными для выражения не высшей степени качества предмета, а просто очень высокой степени качества. В таких случаях употребляется неопределенный артикль, а слово most передается значениями: очень,

Это очень (весьма) интересный фильм.

2. most также употребляется с предлогом of перед существительным для выражения значения большинство или большая часть, и в этом случае употребляется без артикля:

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СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ

Прилагательные и наречия могут употребляться в следующих срав- нительных конструкциях:

Для того чтобы избежать повторения существительного, употребля- ется местоимение one (ones – для множественного числа) или указательное местоимение that (those).

Разновидностью конструкции с двойным союзом as...as является конструкция, элементом которой (стоящим перед as...as) является счетное наречие twice – в два раза (больше и т. п.) или half – в два раза (меньше и

т.п.) или же количественное числительное со словом time – раз.

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Конструкциям данного вида с наречием twice или с числительным и словом time в русском языке соответствуют сочетания в два (три и т.п.) раза + прилагательные с прямым значением в сравнительной степени:

Конструкциям данного вида со счетным наречием half в русском языке соответствуют сочетания в два раза (вдвое) + прилагательное с про- тивоположным значением в сравнительной степени:

ЗАМЕТЬТЕ:

При сравнении союз as...as в конструкциях данного вида может быть опущен, при этом прилагательное также опускается, но употребляется соответствующее существительное, компенсирующее эти опущения.

В

Тренировочные упражнения

1. Образуйте от следующих прилагательных сравнительную и превосходную степень.

small, long, clean, large, dark, light, rich, poor, big, quick, slow, sharp, deep, high, strong, near, cheap, thin, thick, interesting, famous, easy, important,

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beautiful, weak, difficult, comfortable, early,' happy, pale, late, lazy, expensive, sad, practical, pretty, full, bright, dirty, fresh, nice, useful, talkative, progressive, dangerous, bad, good, fat, much, powerful, wet, funny, little, many, far.

2. Напишите следующие прилагательные в положительной сте-

пени.

later, easier, fatter, earliest, deepest, longer, lighter, darkest, calmer, thinnest, laziest, cheapest, quicker, sweetest, sharpest, better, more, worse, less.

(* здесь и в дальнейшем при наличии ключа закройте его листом бумаги, а затем сравните свой вариант с ключом).

4.Поставьте прилагательные в нужной форме. (см. Ключ)

1.The Mississippi is (long) river in the world. 2. My computer is (bad) than yours. 3. The battle of Waterloo was the (great) battle of all times. 4. This plan is (practical) of all. 5. She is not so (tall) as her sister. 6. He is (strong) than his brother. 7. Our house is as (low) as yours. 8. Elbrus is the (high) peak in the Caucasian mountains. 9. The Neva is (wide) and (deep) than the Moskva river.

10.This method is (efficient) than the common one. 11. October is (cold) than June.

5.Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Are the cities in Scotland as large as the cities in England? 2. Is the Volga, longer than the Don? 3. Which is the shortest month of the year? 4. Which is the biggest city in Great Britain? 5. Which is the most beautiful square in Minsk? 6. Which season is the coldest? 7. Where is it better to spend a holiday: in the South or in the North? 8. Where is it better to live: in the city or in the countryside?

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6.Составьте свои предложения по аналогии.

a)Our winter is colder than the English winter.

b)The Volga is the longest river in Europe.

c)Birmingham is not so large as London.

d)He works as hard as Peter.

e)The more we study, the more we know.

7.Закончите диалог, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нуж- ной форме. (см. Ключ)

John: This grey car is (old) than the red one. Why is it (expensive) than the red one?

Salesman: It isn't (old). It's the same age as the red one. But it's in (good) condition. The red one is (cheap) in the garage at the moment, but of course it's not (good) as our other cars.

John: Is that blue car there the same model as the red one?

Salesman: No. It's similar to the red one but it's got a (powerful) engine than the red one, so naturally it goes much (fast). It's automatic too, so it's (easy) to drive than the others.

John: I suppose it's (expensive) of the three, isn't it?

Salesman: Yes and no. In one way it's (expensive) of all, because you'll be able to drive much (far) in it before you need to spend a lot of money on repairs.

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Работа с текстами

Прочтите следующие тексты. Переведите предложения, содержа- щие прилагательные в различных степенях сравнения. Передайте со- держание прочитанных текстов на родном языке.

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PEDRO: Are Yvonne and Marie older than you, Lucille?

LUCILLE: Marie is older than I am; Yvonne is two years younger than I am. JAN: Are your brothers and sisters older or younger than you are, Frieda? FRIEDA: They are all younger; I am the oldest of the family. When I am here with you I feel young, but when I look at my brothers and sisters I begin to feel quite old.

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HOB: That reminds me of my Uncle Albert. I will tell you about him some day. He's sixty now, but he says he doesn't feel a day older than forty; and he says, "A man is as young as he looks, and no older than he feels."

JAN: Tell me about the others in your family, Frieda.

FRIEDA: Well the youngest and the smallest one is Fritz; he's the baby of the family. He's only four. Then there are Hans and Peter, the twins. They are exactly as old as each other, thirteen, and exactly as tall as each other, and they are so like each other that people can hardly tell one from the other.

LUCILLE: What are your sisters' names? FRIEDA: Gretchen and Ruth.

HOB: Are they as pretty as you are?

FRIEDA: Oh they are both prettier than I am. Ruth is the prettiest girl I know. They both have long fair hair, but Ruth's hair is longer and fairer than Gretchen's. Gretchen is fatter than Ruth. (She doesn't like you to say she is fat; and we tell her she will get thinner when she gets older.)

Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It covers the British Isles. Great Britain and Ireland are the largest islands and there are about five thousand small islands.

The North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel separate Great Britain from the continent.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. There are numerous lakes in Scotland and they are called Lochs.

The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rests-east, centre and south-east is, a vast plain. The South English plain is the richest, the most fertile and most populated in the country. In the south-east one can see the most beautiful scenery in England and the largest fruit-producing county Kent which is often called "The Garden of England".

The mountains in Great Britain are not very high.

There are many rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames, which flows through rich agricultural districts into the North Sea, is the busiest and the most important river in England.

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