Английский язык (для зо) / умк_Славинская_Англ.яз_заоч._184-4

capacity of a body to do work is called energy. 10. What does the result of the experiment depend upon? 11. A stationary magnet does not produce electricity. 12. The cooling pump in a diesel does perform a very important function. 13. The digital computer performs a much broader range of functions than the analogue computer does. 14. For hardening, steel should be heated to an exact temperature. 15. It is necessary that structural members should be big enough to withstand the stress in service. 16. He was asked to put the problem aside.

3. Возразите вашему товарищу, употребляя to be в Past и Future

Indefinite.

Образец:

–I am 16 years old.

–You were 16 last year. This year you are 17 and n ext year you will be 18.

I. My friend is in Brest. 2. We are on duty today. 3. Our friends are at the seaside this summer. 4. She is a student now. 5. It is cold today.

4. Рабoтa втроем: первый утверждает, второй переспрашивает, а третий возражает.

Образец:

A.– She is busy.

B.– Is she busy?

C.– She is not busy now.

1. I am tired. 2. They are students. 3. His sister is a champion. 4. He is a very kind man. 5. His sister is married. 6. Their grandmother is on pension. 7. They were abroad last month. 8. Her children will be in the village in summer. 9. I shall be in Moscow tomorrow.

5. Работа втроем: один утверждает, другой переспрашивает, третий отрицает.

Образец:

А – They have (have got) a new flat.

В – Do they really have (don't have) a new flat? (Have they really got a new flat?) С – No, they haven't a new flat. (They haven't got a new flat),

new furniture, much free time, five English classes a week, much work, a new time-table, a car, skates

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6. Заполните пропуски глаголами to be, to have (have got) в соответствующем времени. (см. Ключ)

1.He... a good athlete two years ago. He... many medals. 2. We... (...) a new flat. It ... very large and sunny. 3. I ... six classes yesterday. I was very tired.

4.We... at the skating-rink at 7 o'clock yesterday. We... a good time there.

5.Last year he... good marks in English and this year he... good marks too. 6....

he (...) a sister? He... (...) a sister and a brother. 7.... you (...) a new bag? Yes, I....

8.... she a bicycle? – Yes, she....

7.Расскажите о своей группе, используя содержание ниже приве- денного текста.

My Class

The pupils in my English class are nice and interesting. Nick is a tall boy. He is very clever. Bob is a short boy. He is a good runner. Jane and Kate are twins. They are very beautiful girls. Pete is a very serious boy. He is from Moscow. Ann is a funny girl. We all love her. Tom is our champion. He likes sport very much. We are all good friends. But our English teacher is very angry with us today.

Nick is absent from class. He is in the library. He prepares his talk. Bob is absent too. He is in the hospital. Jane and Kate are absent. They went to the country to their grandmother. Pete is absent. He is at the dentist. Tom is absent too. He takes part in the city competitions. There are two students at the English class today: Ann and me. We are ashamed of our friends.

Оборот there is (there are)

A

Предложения с вводным there сообщают о наличии или существо- вании лица или предмета в каком-либо определенном месте.

Вводное there в предложении является формальным подлежащим, которое вводит сказуемое.

После оборота there is (are, was, were, will be) исчисляемые сущест- вительные в единственном числе употребляются с неопределенным артик- лем. После оборота there are (are, will be) существительные во множест- венном числе существительные употребляются без артикля.

В случае наличия в предложении более одного подлежащего сказуе- мое согласуется с первым из них.

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There is a newspaper and some journals on the table.

There are some journals and a newspaper on the table.

При переводе на русский язык предложений с вводным there перевод обычно начинается с обстоятельства (места или времени):

Сказуемым в предложении такого типа может быть не только глагол to be, но и другие глаголы: to exist (существовать), to live (жить), to come (приходить), to lie (лежать) и др.

There is (are, was, were will be)

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2.Переведите на русский язык.

a)1. There are many training centers in our country.

2.There are many deep freshwater lakes in our country.

3.There is an interesting article in this technical magazine.

4.There are different kinds of television cameras.

5.There are different potential sources of energy.

b) 1. There exist obstacles (препятствия) in the way of the car.

2.There comes a moment when the rocket ship attains a speed of about six and a half miles per second.

3.There appeared many scientific and research institutions.

3. Измените следующие предложения по образцу.

Образец 1: The car has four seats. There are four seats in the car.

1. We have four libraries in our town. 2. They have several telephones in the laboratory. 3. The institute has twelve faculties. 4. You have various material in your laboratory. 5. They have a Metro line in their city.

1. This car has no seats for passengers. 2. This region has no oil. 3. You have no raw materials in your laboratory. 4. Our town has no wooden houses.

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4. Выразите сомнение по поводу того, о чем говорится в данных ниже предложениях. Ваш собеседник пусть подтвердит ваши сомнения.

Образец:

A.There is a book он the table.

B.Is there really a book on the table?

C.No, there is no book on the table. There is a note-book there.

1. There is a TV set in their kitchen. 2. There are four rooms in their flat. 3. There is a round table and some chairs in the living room. 4. There are many English books in our library. 5. There are 20 students in our group. 5. There is a mirror in the hall.

5. Сообщите, что есть в вашем микрорайоне, что было и что

6. Расспросите вашего товарища о его квартире. Используйте оборот there is/there are и слова, данные в скобках.

Образец:

–How many rooms are there in your flat?

–There are two rooms in our flat.

–Is there a balcony (in your flat)?

–Yes, there is one balcony in the kitchen.

lift, large hall, windows, bathroom, shower, bedroom, living-room, large kitchen, fireplace, carpet, piano, tape-recorder, colored pictures, armchairs, bookcase, mirror

С

Работа с текстами

Прочтите следующие тексты. Переведите на русский язык предложения с оборотом “There be”, глаголами “to be”, “to have”.

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***

There is a new house in our street. There are many good flats in it. My flat is in that house too. It's light and comfortable. There are three rooms in my flat: a dining room, a bed room and a study. There is a desk in my study. There are some chairs there. Is there а Т. V. set in that room? Yes, there is. It's on a small table near the desk. Are there any books in that room? Yes, there are. Lots of them. Some books are on the desk and some are on the shelves.

In the House

We have a nice house about fifteen miles from London. You can go to London by train or by bus. The house is not big but it is very comfortable. Downstairs there are three rooms, a kitchen, and a hall. When you open the front door you can see the hall. On the right of the hall there is a sitting-room, on the left of the hall there is a dining-room.

In the sitting-room we have two or three comfortable armchairs, some bookcases, a piano, and a wireless set. On the walls there are two good watercolours. There is a thick carpet on the floor.

The dining-room has a dining-table, six chairs, and a cupboard.

The study is a small room but it is very pleasant. There is a bright fire in the fireplace and my armchair is by the fire. All round the walls there are books. You can see that this is my favourite room.

Then there is a kitchen. This is where we make our meals. There is a refrigerator here to keep food cool, and a gas stove to cook the meals, and boil the kettle. Here, too, there is a sink where we wash the dishes after meals. It has two taps, one for hot water and one for cold water.

The bedrooms and a bathroom are upstairs.

Days, Months, Seasons

There are seven days in a week. They are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.

There are twelve months in a year. The names of the months are: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, .October, November, December.

There are 365 days in a year, or 366 in a leap year, which comes every four years.

There are four seasons in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Every season is beautiful and pleasant in its own way.

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Spring is a wonderful season. The air is fresh and the sun shines brightly. The days are warm and everything is full of life and joy.

Then summer comes. The weather is usually fine in summer. It is much warmer than in spring. The trees are green with leaves and the gardens are gay with flowers. Everybody enjoys summer. A lot of people have a good rest then.

Autumn begins in September. The days become shorter and the nights become longer. It is still warm in September but the weather often changes and it gets colder and colder. The sky is often grey and cloudy. It frequently rains in October and November which makes autumn an unpleasant season, but autumn is harvesting time, the time when grain, fruit and vegetables become ripe.

In winter the sun sets early and rises late. Sometimes it is very cold. It often snows. Everything is covered with snow: the houses and streets, the fields and forests. Everything looks so beautiful in its white attire.

I like winter with its frosty sunny days. It is a pleasure to go for a walk then. Winter is a good time for sport. Little children are fond of playing

snowballs and making snowmen, older ones go in for skating and skiing, while grown-ups enjoy all these things even more.

Winter is my favourite season.

Customs officer**: Is this your luggage, sir? Have you got any things to declare? Borisov: I've got two blocks of cigarettes. Are they liable to duty? Customs officer: You can have them duty-free.

Borisov: Shall 1 open my suit-case?1 I've only got my personal things in it. Customs officer: No, that won't be necessary, I'll just mark it. Have a nice stay in Great

Britain, sir.

*an immigration officer [ımı'greı∫n'ɔfis=] – служащий паспортного контроля

**a customs officer – таможенный чиновник

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Getting about London

What is London?

We can say that it is one of the largest cities in the world, that it is one of the world's most important port and that it is thecapital of Great Britain.

But all these answers do not give any idea of London.

London is more than two thousand and five hundred years old. About seven million people live there. There are more than 10 thousand streets in London.

Most of the streets are not very wide and most of the buildings are not tall, but multistorey buildings have also appeared in London and almost all of them are hotels and offices.

London Underground (or Tube) is the oldest and longest in Europe. There are eleven different lines with more than 500 stations.

Although London is a crowded and noisy city you can find many pleasant parks and green squares there.

Regent's Park is the most beautiful park and Hyde Park is the largest, it is one of the most popular place of rest of Londoners on hot summer days.

There are three main parts in London: the City, the West End and the East

End.

The oldest part of London is the City, the business centre. But the political centre is Westminster which is in the West End.

The West End is famous for its rich shops, hotels, restaurants, cinemas, museums and other places of interest. Only rich people live there.

The East End is another part of London. Many houses there are poor and many streets are narrow and dirty. The East End is famous for its docks but they have been closed. Now people are building houses there.

There is so much to see in London that even Londoners can always find new sights. They like to say: "When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life."

Ключ

К упр. 2 (V).

1. Новый магнитофон находится в лаборатории. (Смысловой глагол). 2. Герма- ний и кремний – два наиболее известные полупроводника. (Глагол-связка). 3. За пос- ледние десятилетия было получено 11 новых радиоактивных элементов. (Вспомога- тельный глагол). 4. Инженеры-строители ищут новые методы жилищного строитель- ства. (Вспомогательный глагол). 5. Условия, в которых должны перевозиться жидкости, очень различны. (Модальный глагол). 6. Электрические двигатели имеют самый высо- кий КПД. (Смысловой глагол). 7. Радио получило всеобщее признание и применение за сравнительно короткий период времени. (Вспомогательный глагол). 8. При поднятии

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груза мы должны совершать работу по преодолению силы тяжести. (Модальный гла- гол). 9. Способность тела совершать работу называется энергией. (Смысловой глагол). 10. От чего зависит результат опыта? (Вспомогательный глагол). 11. Неподвижный маг- нит не создает электричества. (Вспомогательный глагол). 12. Охлаждающий насос в ди- зеле все же выполняет очень важную функцию. (Усиление значения). 13. Цифровая вы- числительная машина выполняет значительно больше функций, чем аналоговая вычи- слительная машина. (Заместитель смыслового глагола). 14. Для закалки сталь нужно нагреть до определенной температуры. (Модальный глагол). 15. Необходимо, чтобы строительные детали были достаточно большими, для того чтобы выдерживать эксплу- атационные нагрузки. (Вспомогательный глагол). 16. Его просили не заниматься этим вопросом. (Вспомогательный глагол).

Время глагола

Существует мнение, что одна из трудностей усвоения английского языка заключается в наличии в нем большого количества видо-временных форм. Однако эти формы легко усваиваются, если хорошо понять четыре видовых характеристики действия, выражаемого английским глаголом.

Задание 1. Сравните русские и английские предложения. Охарак- теризуйте каждое из четырех действий. Сверьте ваши ответы с ключом.

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Ключ:

Задание 2. Укажите, каким образом выражается характер дейст- вия в русском и английском языках.

*V – основа глагола

** Исторически данные формы глагола переводятся буквально как: to be + V-ing – « быть делающим», to have + V3 – « иметь сделанным».

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