Проминская.Английский

Vocabulary work:

I. Match the following words with their definitions:

II. Fill in the appropriate words from the active vocabulary:

1. In autumn it is usually rainy and ________. 2. The _______ to the UK Parliament are held every five years. 3. The ______of Lithuania is 65 200 sq. km. 4. This flat is a kind of studio, so the rooms are not

_______. 5. This film will have a _______ success. 6. Peter the Great brought to Russia ________ technologies. 7. The _____ is so thick, you can‘t drive! 8. The ______ of this road is very even. 9. Bali is an

______ in Indonesia which is very popular among tourists. 10. The Tudors dynasty ______ in the 15-17th centuries. 11. This salad is ____ up of cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes and cheese. 12. Many countries buy

______ from Russia.

III. Say in English:

маленький остров; наследственный титул; царствовать долгое время; национальный гимн; президентские выборы; северное побережье; кораблестроительный город; продавать машинное оборудование; жить в долине; прятаться от грозы; высокоразвитое государство; сырой климат; коммерческий риск; нижняя палата.

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Reading:

I. Read and translate the text:

TEXT I. GREAT BRITAIN

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and above 5000 small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast respectively.

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous, while the south has beautiful valleys and plains. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain.

There are a lot of rivers in the UK, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The British climate is damp, rainy and foggy. British summer is made up of three fine days and a thunderstorm. Britain has 204 rainy days a year.

The UK is one of the world‘s smallest countries. The population of the country is over 87 million and about 80% of it is urban. The UK is highly developed industrial country. It‘s known as one of world‘s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. But the country still has to import food products and raw materials from other countries, including Russia.

The main industrial regions are in the North and in the West. Birmingham and Sheffield are the biggest centers of iron and steel industry. Manchester is a big center of textile industry. Liverpool is the largest port on the West coast of England. Glasgow is a large sea port and a big shipbuilding city in Scotland. But the greatest city of the UK is, of course, London – political, economic, commercial and cultural center with the population of more than 8 million.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen, but in practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The

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country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is made up of hereditary peers and lords, the House of Commons consist of 630 elected members.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.

The flag of the United Kingdom is called the Union Jack. The national anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the King". Britannia is a national personification of the United Kingdom and the bulldog is sometimes used as a symbol of the United Kingdom (associations with Winston Churchill's defiance of Nazi Germany).

II. Give Russian equivalents of the following words:

to be situated; the British Isles; total area; respectively; to vary; beautiful valleys and plains; the highest mountain; food products; main industrial regions; urban; large exporter; cultural center; elected government; peers and lords; national personification; to be used as a symbol.

III. Find in the text the following words:

километр квадратный; страна; столица; континент; Ла-Манш; океан; горный; глубокий; население; промышленность; самолеты; оборудование; морской порт; железо и сталь; конституционная монархия; закон; править; состоять из; называться; сопротивление.

III. Make up sentences of the following words:

1.Great Britain coast the Atlantic Ocean of is washed by the western and the Irish Sea.

2.they are a lot of the UK, but there are not very long rivers in.

3.the city is of course greatest UK of the London.

4.elected is ruled by the country the government.

5.the Jack of the called Union Kingdom the flag is United.

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IV. Complete the sentences by translating the Russian parts:

1.The общая площадь of the UK is over 244 000 квадратных kilometers.

2.The север of Scotland is mountainous, в то время, как the юг has beautiful valleys and равнины.

3.The UK is known as one of world‘s largest производителей и экспортеров of machinery, electronics, текстиля, aircraft and навига-

ционного оборудования.

4.Liverpool is the самый крупный порт на западном побере-

жье of England.

5.The глава государства is the Queen, but на практике, the Queen reigns, but не правит.

6.The British Парламент состоит из двух палат: the House of Lords and the Палата Общин.

7.The House of Commons состоит из 630 избранных членов.

8.The национальный гимн of the United Kingdom is "Боже, храни Короля" and the national олицетворение of the United Kingdom is Britannia.

V. Test yourself:

1. The British Isles consist of ____________.

a) two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and above five thousand small islands.

b) four large islands: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Irel-

and.

c) London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.

2. The British Isles are separated from the European continent

________.

a) the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

b) by the North Sea and the English Channel. c) by the South Sea and the English Channel.

3. The population of Britain is ______.

a)244 000 people.

b)87 000000 people.

c)7 million people.

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4.What is the capital of Northern Ireland? a) Dublin;

b) Belfast; c) Cardiff.

5.What are the Severn, the Tyne and the Avon? a) mountains;

b) lakes; c) rivers.

6.Ben Nevis is situated in _____.

a)Wales;

b)Scotland;

c)England.

7.What form of government does the UK have? a) presidential republic;

b) constitutional monarchy; c) constitutional republic.

8.The British national symbols are:

a)the Union John, a spaniel and Aphrodite;

b)the Queen, Parliament and Big Ben;

c)Britannia, Churchill's bulldog and the Union flag.

Speaking:

I. Answer the questions:

1)What countries constitute the United Kingdom?

2)What are the main cities of the UK?

3)Why is the climate rainy in Britain?

4)Why the UK is a highly developed country?

5)What is the constitutional monarchy?

6)Who represents the House of Lords?

7)Why the bulldog is a symbol of Britain?

II. Tell about:

- the geographical position of the UK;

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-the surface of its parts;

-the British climate;

-the British industry;

-the political system;

-the British symbols.

III. Imagine that you are going to have holidays and have enough money. What country would you like to go and why?

English Traditions

Language focus:

I. Read and translate the text. Study new words:

1.to be reserved – быть сдержанным;

2.haughty ['ho:ti] – надменный;

3.steady – уравновешанный;

4.easy-going – непринуждѐнный;

5.polite – вежливый;

6.to be disciplined – быть дисциплинированным;

7.queue – очередь;

8.good-tempered – невозмутимый;

9.cheerful – веселый;

10.stay-at-home – домосед;

11.cemetery – кладбище;

12.substantial – питательный;

13.plain – простой;

14.porridge – каша;

15.necessary – необходимо;

16.behavior – поведение;

17.stew – тущенное мясо с овощами;

18.chop – котлета;

19.snack – легкая закуска.

Reading:

I. Read and translate:

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TEXT II. ENGLISH TRADITIONS

Almost every nation has some reputation. The English are reputed to be cold, reserved, haughty people. They are steady, easy-going and fond of sports. There are certain kinds of behavior, manners and customs which are peculiar to England.

The English are polite and never tired of saying «Thank you» and «I am sorry». They are disciplined, you never hear loud talk in the street. They don‘t rush for seats in buses and trains, but they take their seats in queues at bus stops. English people do not shake hands when meeting one another, they do not show their emotions even in tragic situations. They try to remain good-tempered and cheerful under difficulties.

The English are a nation of stay-at-homes. The Englishman says «My house is my castle». It is true that English people prefer small houses, built for one family.

Britain is a nation of animal lovers. They have about five million dogs, almost as many cats, 3 million parrots and other cage birds, aquarium fish – and 1 million exotic pets such as reptiles. In Britain they have special dog shops selling food, clothes and other things for dogs. There are dog hair-dressing saloons and dog cemeteries. There are special animal hotels at the airports.

How do they spend their week-ends? Every Englishman is fond of the countryside in a nice cottage. No crowds of people, silence and leisure. Those who stay at home try to do all the jobs they, were too busy to do during the week. Some go shopping on Saturday mornings, some do the house – washing, cleaning. Some men do and watch sporting events. Saturday evening is the best time for parties, dances, going to the cinema or theatre. On Sunday after breakfast they may go to work in the garden take a dog for a walk, or visit some pub. Sunday is a day for inviting friends and relatives to afternoon tea.

There are some traditions concerning food. English cooking is heavy, substantial and plain. The Englishman likes a good breakfast. A good breakfast means porridge, bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, tea or coffee. It is the same day to day. The English like their toast cold. Tea is part of the British life, as necessary as potatoes and bread. Seven cups of it wake you up in the morning, 9 cups will put you to sleep at night.

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The midday meal is called lunch. This meal consists of stew, fried fish, chops, liver or sausages, vegetables. From 4 to 6 there is a very light meal called 5 o‘clock tea. It is a snack of thin bread and butter and cups of tea with small cakes. It is a kind of ritual. At this time everything stops for tea.

Dinner is in many families the last meal of the day. Supper is a snack of bread and cheese and cocoa. The English have a popular specialty known as fish and chips. They are bought at special fish and chips shops.

II. Translate the following phrases into English:

обычаи и традиции, свойственные Англии; никогда не уставать говорить; громкий разговор; автобусные остановки; здороваться; оставаться веселым в трудной ситуации; дом на одну семью; экзотические домашние животные; парикмахерские для собак; убирать дом; пригласить друзей и родственников на полуденный чай; печень; рыба с жаренным картофелем.

III. Match the synonyms in two columns:

IV. Say what new facts you have found in the text. Answer the questions:

1)What is the reputation of the Englishmen?

2)Tell about English behavior in the society?

3)What does the phrase «My house is my castle» mean for an Englishman?

4)Tell about Britons and animals.

5)How do the Englishmen spend their week-ends?

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6)What do they usually do on Saturday?

7)What do they usually do on Sunday?

8)What is an English food?

9)An English breakfast.

10)An English lunch.

11)An English dinner.

V. Give Russian translation to the following human qualities:

honest, indifferent, generous, frank; strong-willed, broad-minded, reliable; charming, rude, tender, witty; talented, hard-working, brave; hospitable, lazy, superficial;

friendly, dull, openhearted.

Speaking:

I. You’ve studied the location and way of life of the UK. Compare it with the Russian Federation. Tell about the main differences in the geographical position, climate conditions, mineral resources, traditions and people’s behavior between the two countries. Use the following expressions:

-I think

-I believe

-As far as know

-In my opinion

-To my mind

-As for…

Writing:

I. Try your luck in this test:

(A) English taps in bathrooms and kitchens are different from European taps. In England they have two taps – a hot and cold tap on the basin, instead of one tap which can mix the water. Why?

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1.It is law: two taps must be different because hot and cold water comes from different reservoirs. Hot water is for washing only and it can be with chemicals. And cold water is pure and you can drink it.

2.Hot water is heated in a tank in the roof of the house. Cold water comes from a pipe under the street. The pressure of the water is different and it‘s difficult to use a mixer tap.

3.English people are used to very cold water. They don‘t need mixer taps.

(B) In most countries, cars drive on the right side of the road. In England they drive on the left side. Why?

1.Because of Napoleon. In the past most countries drove on the left because it was easier to shake hands or draw a sword against the enemy. England was the only place Napoleon didn‘t invade. Everywhere else he forced people to drive on the right.

2.The English government wants to protect the British car industry from foreign cars. Driving on the left, makes foreign cars expansive (changing of steering wheel). British cars are cheaper.

3.It is safer to drive on the left. Statistics prove that the brain can work better when the driver drives with the left hand and looks to the right to the traffic.

(C) The English police do not carry guns. They are the only police force in the world not be armed. Why?

1.In the old English constitution there is a law that says the police can carry swords, but not guns. The constitution is never changed.

2.All British policemen and women are trained in judo, karate and other martial arts. They don‘t need guns as their arms and legs are weapons.

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